Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Factory Laborer Dies When A Car Driven By Coworker Crashes Into Him In Parking Lot, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

On a summer day, a 29-year-old male manufacturing laborer was outside under a small metal stairway in the loading dock area of the manufacturing plant during his lunch break. Another employee entered her car in the employee parking lot to leave on her lunch break. Her car unexpectedly malfunctioned when in reverse, sped backward, and crashed into the stairway under which the worker was taking a break. The collision pushed the metal stairway along the wall of the factory, crushing the worker between the building and the passenger side of the car. Emergency medical services arrived and transported the worker …

Day Care Monitor Dies After Crash Of 15-Passenger Van, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

In the late afternoon of a spring day, a day care van operator and a monitor loaded 16 children into a 15-passenger van. Carrying a total of 18 passengers in the 15-passenger van, the operator and the monitor proceeded to transport the children to their homes. After dropping off two children at their residences, the van was traveling 46-50 mph in the left hand lane headed east in a 35 mph zone on a non-divided four-lane state road. As the van approached a side street on the right, the right rear tire blew out and the van veered sharply to …

Perilaku Merokok Remaja Sekolah Menengah Pertama, Muhammad Rachmat, Ridwan Mochtar Thaha, Muhammad Syafar

Kesmas

Saat ini, perilaku merokok semakin merata, bukan hanya perilaku orang dewasa, tetapi juga telah menjadi gaya hidup para remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, interaksi kelompok sebaya, interaksi keluarga, iklan rokok, dan sikap dengan perilaku merokok remaja di kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi observasional cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan multistage random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 471 responden. Data dianalisis dengan uji kai kuadrat, koefisien phi(f) dengan α = 0,05. Responden perokok sekitar 25,3%, sementara responden yang berpengetahuan rendah 16,6%, berinteraksi negatif dengan kelompok sebaya 24,2%, berinteraksi negatif dengan keluarga 47,8%, respons negatif iklan rokok 4,9%, …

Perilaku Pencegahan Penyakit Menular Seksual Di Kalangan Wanita Pekerja Seksual Langsung, Dewi Purnamawati

Kesmas

Penyakit menular seksual, merupakan pandemi yang menimbulkan dampak kesehatan, sosial, ekonomi dan politik. Pekerja seks berperan penting dalam peningkatan kasus HIV/AIDS di Indonesia, posisi tawar wanita pekerja seksual langsung yang rendah dalam penggunaan kondom dan perilaku berisiko membuat perluasan penyebaran kasus penyakit menular seksual (infeksi menular seksual dan HIV/AIDS) semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara mendalam perilaku wanita pekerja seksual langsung dalam pencegahan penyakit menular seksual di Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam. Informan adalah wanita pekerja seksual langsung, mucikari dan tenaga kesehatan. Dari hasil wawancara mendalam diketahui bahwa hampir semua wanita pekerja …

To Bear Witness: A Journey Of Healing And Solidarity, Updated, Revised, And Expanded Edition, Kevin M. Cahill, M.D.

International Affairs

For more than fifty years, Dr. Cahill has been helping to heal the world, as a leading specialist in tropical medicine and as a driving force in humanitarian assistance and relief efforts around the globe. In this revised and expanded edition, he chronicles extraordinary achievements of compassion and commitment. Bringing together a rich selection of writings, he crafts a fascinating memoir of a life devoted to others. The book includes front-line reports from places under siege—Lebanon, Somalia, Sudan, Nicaragua, Gaza, and Ireland; there are also visionary essays from the origins of the AIDS epidemic and landmine crises, and no less …

Empowerment-Based Positive Youth Development: A New Understanding Of Healthy Development For African American Youth, Raphael Travis Jr., Tamara Leech

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

A shift occurred in research about adolescents in the general population. Research is moving away from deficits toward a resilience paradigm and understanding trajectories of positive youth development. This shift has been less consistent in research and practice with African American youth. A gap also exists in understanding whether individual youth development dimensions generate potential in other dimensions. This study presents an empowerment-based positive youth development model. It builds upon existing research to present a new vision of healthy development for African American youth that is strengths-based, developmental, culture-bound, and action-oriented. It emphasizes the relationship between person and environment, the …

Childhood Obesity And Overweight: Causes And Implications In Preschool Children, Melissa L. Sittner

Kinesiology and Public Health

The root causes of childhood obesity and overweight are currently hot topics of research. While many causes have been discovered, researchers are still weighing them against one another while taking the lifestyles of at-risk populations into account. Some of these causes include lack of physical activity, increase in screen time, and the implications of health disparities borne of a child’s socioeconomic status. These causes and more are reviewed further and applied to the population of interest: preschool aged children in the United States, and more specifically preschool aged children of San Luis Obispo County in California. The need for multi-level …

Family Acculturation And Asthma Outcomes In Latino Children, Tania M. Barreno

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Asthma is the primary chronic disease diagnosed in children. California has had some of the highest asthma prevalence rates within the nation. The literature indicates that there is a poor understanding of asthma outcome and management. However, studies exploring the role of acculturation on such outcomes are limited. Thus, the goal of this research was to conduct a secondary analysis of the Child Questionnaire from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) 2007 and 2009 cross-sectional data to explore the determinants of asthma outcomes as it relates to family acculturation.

Methodology: The quantitative data were analyzed using Stata. Descriptive statistics, …

The Public Health Impact Of Maternal Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy : The San Bernardino County Experience, Michael Batech

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Most studies of maternal tobacco cessation during pregnancy have estimated measures of effect that can be useful in identifying the exposure as an etiologic risk factor in maternal and child health. However, in the case of maternal tobacco use there is overwhelming evidence for a causal role in adverse infant outcomes, and public health needs to focus on measures of potential impact in order to better prioritize and allocate resources toward interventions. The aims of this dissertation were: 1) to investigate the public health impact of smoking cessation during pregnancy among mothers giving birth in San Bernardino County, California; and …

Maternal Smoking, Weight Status And Preecalmpsia And Eclampsia Risk Among Women Living In San Bernardino County, Fiona Bedelia Lewis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Preeclampsia is defined as pregnancy-induced hypertension affecting between 2% and 8% of pregnancies and accounting for about 10-15% of maternal deaths worldwide. Eclampsia is defined as the occurrence of one or more episodes of seizures in a pregnant woman related only to a preeclampsia diagnosis. Preeclampsia, if poorly managed, can progress to eclampsia resulting in injury and death to both mother and infant. The etiology of preeclampsia is not completely understood. Oxidative stress leading to abnormal placenta development and endothelial dysfunction are thought to be key components in the biological mechanism of preeclampsia.

Modifiable risk factors include maternal body weight …

Associations Between Alcohol Consumption And Fasting Blood Glucose In Young Adults, Julie Ann Lucca

Master's Theses

Current research shows moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of diabetes and excessive consumption or binge drinking can cause insulin resistance and diabetes. In 2010, diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the United Statesand was responsible for significant health complications: blindness, kidney failure, and limb amputations, and is a large national economic burden. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) is a tool used to help diagnose diabetes. Abnormally high FBG, ≥100 mg/dl, is indicative of diabetes and pre-diabetes. Few studies have observed diabetic prevalence among young adults or college students. Studying young adults can help provide added …

Gender Dan Penyakit Tuberkulosis: Implikasinya Terhadap Akses Layanan Kesehatan Masyarakat Miskin Yang Rendah, Dewi Rokhmah

Kesmas

Saat ini, fokus utama dari pelayanan kesehatan masih bertumpu pada aspek medis yang sangat kurang memperhatikan isu sosial termasuk gender yang merupakan penyebab utama kesenjangan bidang kesehatan di masyarakat kita. Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian di seluruh dunia. Gender berperan sebagai salah satu determinan penyakit tuberkulosis meliputi penemuan kasus, diagnosis, dan proses pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perspektif gender pencapaian Program Tuberkulosis Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) meliputi penemuan, diagnosis pasien, dan hasil pengobatan di Rumah Sakit Paru Jember, tahun 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari Laporan Program Tuberkulosis DOTS Tahun 2010. …

Fearless: Kevin Lugo, Kevin B. Lugo

SURGE

This summer, recent graduate Kevin Lugo will bike over 4,000 miles across the country to benefit the Ulman Cancer Fund for Young Adults. His choice to bike for seventy days from Baltimore to Seattle makes him fearless! His goal is to raise $7,476 for the organization, and he reached that goal last night (although more donations are always welcome in support of fighting cancer)! Kevin explains that when he studied abroad in Denmark in the fall of 2011, he “fell in love with sustainable transportation, especially cycling.” Not only does his fearless endeavor raise money to fight cancer, but he …

Examining Universal Primary Healthcare Through Community-Based Initiatives, Donald E. Warden

Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research

This paper examines enacting community-based primary healthcare programs and initiatives. It looks at the weaknesses of past attempts, the successes of current attempts, and gives insight into ways everyday citizens can change the way the world does healthcare. There are social, economic, and political barriers as to why these programs are not enacted. Since 1978, Member states of the United Nations strive towards healthcare for all. The original 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata sets the bar at achieving this goal by the year 2000. Now in the 21^st century, the world still battles inadequate healthcare. Nations continue to strive towards …

Effects Of A School-Based Education Intervention On Bmi And Physical Activity, Lauren M. Panner

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

In 2011, the CDC reported that there are 12.5 million obese children and adolescents living in the United States (U.S.). The financial burden of childhood obesity in the U.S. is estimated to be 14 billion dollars. The objective of this evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to answer the question: In school-aged children, how does school-based, structured, family-oriented physical activity education affect body mass index (BMI) compared to usual education over an eight week time period? The Stetler Model of EBP and the health belief model were used to guide this project in a rural, Northwest Indiana elementary school. For eight …

Understanding The Motivational Factors For College Students To Remain Non-Smokers, Chanler Hilley

Honors Theses

Cigarette smoking has long been recognized as a negative health behavior. Numerous studies have linked cigarette smoking to cancer, heart and circulatory problems, lung disease, and an array of other health issues, leading to lower quality of life and premature death. There is a wealth of knowledge relating to the negative outcomes of smoking behavior (USDHHS, 2010) and the factors leading to smoking behavior among adolescents (USDHHS, 2012). However, researchers have studied factors leading to nonsmoking behavior much less. The present study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior to understand the motivational factors that lead to a student's nonsmoking behavior, …

Truck Driver Dies When Tractor-Trailer Overturns After Leaving Road, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

In the early morning hours of a spring day around 5:45 a.m., a 55-year-old male truck driver was driving south on an interstate transporting sheet metal. It is unknown how long he had been driving when he exited from the highway, traveled partially up the ramp, and struck the left side guard rail. The truck left the road, traveled down an embankment and overturned onto its roof. A passing motorist called emergency medical services. The driver was extricated by mechanical means and declared dead at the scene.

To prevent future occurrences of similar incidents, the following recommendations have been made: …

Factors Influencing Medical Adherence Of Clients In Aids Project Worcester, Marianne M. Sarkis, Abby Dnahue, Jacqueline Osei-Owusu, Shan Yi Koay, Maya Baum, Anna Shayo, Amanda Major

Local Knowledge: Worcester Area Community-Based Research

What are the factors and barriers that lead to levels of adherence for those receiving treatment for those in the HIV/AIDS community through AIDS Project Worcester?

Over the last few decades, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has undergone a visible shift. In particular, the demographics of HIV/AIDS infected persons have transitioned from mostly gay affluent, white males to women and men of various minority populations with lower resources and socioeconomic statuses. This trend has also been true for the Worcester community. Based in Worcester, Massachusetts, this research project seeks to identify patterns between the recent change in client demographics and the relation …

A Tale Of Two Health Sciences Libraries Working To Improve Health Literacy, Margot G. Malachowski Mls, Kate Saylor Msi

All Scholarly Works

Our presentation demonstrates two health sciences libraries performing outreach in public libraries to achieve these community goals: increased awareness of high-quality online resources for health information; improved confidence in finding and evaluating good health information; and increased knowledge of the resources and benefits to be gained from partnering with a health sciences library.

Preventing Skin Cancer In Adolescent Girls Through Intervention With Their Mothers, Mary K. Baker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Indoor tanning (IT) before the age of 35 increases one’s risk for melanoma by 75%, and epidemiological data show a 6.1% annual increase in the incidence of melanomas in white women younger than age 44 in the US. Population-based studies reveal that 15% of adolescents and 8% to 14% of their primary caregivers have engaged in IT in the past year.

The compelling case for IT being a significant risk factor for melanoma, together with the high rates of IT in teen girls and their mothers, provided a strong rationale for conducting an antitanning intervention directed at mother-daughter dyads. This …

The Effects Of Participation In Marching Band On Physical Activity And Physical Fitness In College Aged Men And Women, Joseph Vallee, Kristen Leander

Senior Honors Projects

Purpose: Regular physical activity is essential in preventing many chronic diseases and conditions including heart disease, obesity, type two diabetes and some forms of cancer. The majority of the population does not meet recommended guidelines for daily physical activity. Barriers to participation in regular physical activity include boredom and a lack of enjoyment for traditional exercises such as running. Novel forms of exercise that improve cardiorespiratory fitness and increase the number people meeting recommended guidelines has the potential to promote good health and prevent chronic disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the effects of participating …

Project Phit: A 10-Week University Intervention Improves Health-Related Variables, Physical Activity, And Nutrition, Jennifer Ashley Summers

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Despite increasing evidence regarding the benefits of regular physical activity and healthy nutritional habits, a large percentage of the population does not participate in regular exercise or eat the recommended daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have identified the use of social support as a means to modify health behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a 10-week Project PHIT intervention on university employees’ health behaviors. Grounded in social support theory, Project PHIT was designed to help employees improve health behaviors such as physical activity and nutritional intake, and increase fitness. It was …

The Association Of Diet And Physical Activity With Stroke Mortality Results From The Adventist Health Study-1, Tahereh Zamansani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability, with major global public health implications. Stroke ranks No. 4 among all causes of death, behind heart disease, cancer, and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD). Stroke accounts for almost 1 of every 18 deaths in the United States. Women accounted for 60.6% of stroke deaths. Death certificate data show that the mean age at stroke death was 79.6 years; males had a younger mean age (76.3) than females.

There is still a great scientific uncertainty among researchers and epidemiologists about the magnitude of any preventive effect, mechanisms of action …

Beliefs About Complementary And Alternative Medicine In Hiv-Infected Black Women Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Stephanie G. Lino

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. Black women make up 12% of the female population in the U.S, yet they account for 66% of new HIV infections. In 2002, AIDS was the most cited reason for death among Black women age 25-34. While prevention remains, a major effort targeting treatment efficacy and modalities for this sub-group need to be better understood.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to assess whether HIV-positive Black women’s attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are related to intention of dietary supplements and spiritual practices use in their HIV treatment.

Method. In phase one, Grounded Theory methods (N= …

Deskripsi Sanitasi Lingkungan, Perilaku Ibu, Dan Kesehatan Anak, Kasnodihardjo Kasnodihardjo, Elsa Elsi

Kesmas

Pada tahun 2009, dilakukan penelitian deskriptif di Kecamatan Jatibarang dan Kecamatan Kedokan Bunder untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sanitasi lingkungan, dan perilaku ibu-ibu dan kejadian penyakit infeksi pada bayi dan anak. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dengan responden ibu rumah tangga yang mempunyai bayi/ anak balita berjumlah 401 orang. Penyakit diare pada bayi/anak disebabkan oleh media tercemar yang masuk ke sistem pencernaan melalui sumber air untuk minum maupun mandi, cuci, kakus (MCK) yang bukan berasal dari ledeng, keluarga yang tidak mempunyai jamban, ibu yang masih jarang mencuci tangan setelah membersihkan kotoran bayi ataupun setelah buang air besar, meminum dan memakan makanan yang tidak …

Perilaku Remaja Putri Menghadapi Menarche Berdasarkan Nilai Budaya Batak, Merida Simanjuntak, Suryani Manurung, Tri Riana Lestari, Payung Hasibuan

Kesmas

Masa remaja merupakan masa transisi dari masa kanak-kanak menuju masa dewasa yang ditandai oleh perubahan fisik, intelektual, seksual, dan emosional. Menarche pada remaja putri menjadi pertanda memasuki tahapan sistem reproduksi dewasa. Sesuai dengan nilai dan budaya masyarakat, peristiwa menstruasi pertama yang fisiologis itu mendapat respons yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan kerangka teoritis tentang pola perilaku remaja putri dalam menghadapi menarche sesuai dengan nilai dan budaya keluarga Batak di Jakarta. Penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan grounded theory dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi literatur. Enam orang informan direkrut dengan cara purposive sampling di wilayah …

Lessons Learned From Training Of Promotores De Salud For Obesity And Diabetes Prevention, Erica T. Sosa, Lesli Biediger-Friedman, Zenong Yin

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: Promotores de Salud are impactful in reducing health disparities for Hispanic communities. The purpose of this paper is to present the training process and fidelity of study protocol implementation using a promotora model for community-based diabetes prevention.

Methods: Five Hispanic bilingual promotores were recruited from a Community Health Worker program and received intensive 30-hour promotora training on how to recruit participants, lead group sessions, and support participants making behavior changes. Evaluation of the training included a survey and focus group to assess promotores’ feedback, a post-training knowledge test to assess knowledge acquired during the training and an observational assessment …

Evaluation Of The Childhood Blood Lead Screening Component Of The Southern Nevada Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, Melissa Breunig, Shawn Gerstenberger

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

The objective of this paper is to highlight the progress of the lead poisoning prevention program in Southern Nevada. Specifically, we present blood lead screening results for Clark County, Nevada from 2006 through 2011, and review the progress towards recommendations made by Rothweiler et al. for Nevada in 2007.7

Gokids Boston Youth Fitness, Training, And Research Center, Gokids Boston, University Of Massachusetts Boston

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

GoKids Boston embodies innovation and leadership in youth health through life-changing programs, groundbreaking research, exceptional training opportunities, and dedication to the community with a focus on eliminating health disparities.

Community Built Environment And Multilevel Social Determinants Of Obesity: Evidence From China Health And Nutrition Survey, Libin Zhang, Tim F. Liao, Laura L. Hayman

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is highest in wealthy countries like the United States, but is rapidly increasing in less developed countries. From 1992 to 2002, China had an increase from 14.6% to 21.8% in overweight and obesity. Social determinants of obesity in developing countries remain poorly understood. Further, these associations may vary by community built environment (BE) of developing countries.