Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cost Prevention Of Hiv, Jerika Lam

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the late 1990s, management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has improved where they are living longer and with fewer incidences of opportunistic illnesses. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the disease, the ability to quantify viral load and correlate with clinical outcomes, genotypic and phenotypic resistance assays designed to assess viral susceptibility, and a heightened awareness and appreciation of the importance of treatment adherence to ensure virologic suppression.' In spite of the benefits that HIV-infected patients may have acquired in terms of more …

Stromal Haze, Myofibroblasts, And Surface Irregularity After Prk, Marcelo V. Netto, Rajiv R. Mohan, Sunilima Sinha, Ajay Sharma, William Dupps, Steven E. Wilson

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of stromal surface irregularity after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and myofibroblast generation along with the development of corneal haze.

Variable levels of stromal surface irregularity were generated in rabbit corneas by positioning a fine mesh screen in the path of excimer laser during ablation for a variable percentage of the terminal pulses of the treatment for myopia that does not otherwise generate significant opacity. Ninety-six rabbits were divided into eight groups[.]

Slit lamp analysis and haze grading were performed in all groups. Rabbits were sacrificed at 4 hr …

The Science Of Prevention Strategies, Rachel Abrishami, Jeffery A. Goad

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"From newborn screening for Phenylkentonurea (PKU) and the birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine to prostate and breast cancer screening and pneumococcal immunization for older adults, the science of health maintenance is multi-tiered and spans the lifetime of an individual. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies are used in concert with each other to enable healthcare professionals and their patients to sustain and improve the quality of life."

Methods For The Study Of Signaling Molecules In Membrane Lipid Rafts And Caveolae, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Paul A. Insel

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Lipid rafts and caveolae are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane that concentrate components of certain signal transduction pathways. Interest in and exploration of these microdomains has grown in recent years, especially after the discovery of the biochemical marker of caveolae, caveolin, and the recognition that caveolin interacts with many different signaling molecules via its scaffolding domain. There are three major types of caveolins (1, 2, and 3), with some selectivity in their expression in different tissues. Results assessing lipid raft/caveolae co-localization of molecules in signal transduction pathways have provided support for the idea that signaling components are …

The Speciation Of Metals In Mammals Influences Their Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics And Therefore Human Health Risk Assessment, Robert A. Yokel, Stephen M. Lasley, David C. Dorman

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Chemical form (i.e., species) can influence metal toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and should be considered to improve human health risk assessment. Factors that influence metal speciation (and examples) include: (1) carrier-mediated processes for specific metal species (arsenic, chromium, lead and manganese), (2) valence state (arsenic, chromium, manganese and mercury), (3) particle size (lead and manganese), (4) the nature of metal binding ligands (aluminum, arsenic, chromium, lead, and manganese), (5) whether the metal is an organic versus inorganic species (arsenic, lead, and mercury), and (6) biotransformation of metal species (aluminum, arsenic, chromium, lead, manganese and mercury). The influence of speciation on metal …

Effect Of Prophylactic And Therapeutic Mitomycin C On Corneal Apoptosis, Cellular Proliferation, Haze, And Long-Term Keratocyte Density In Rabbits, Marcelo V. Netto, Rajiv R. Mohan, Sunilima Sinha, Ajay Sharma, Pankaj C. Gupta, Steven E. Wilson

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

PURPOSE—To determine the mechanism through which topical mitomycin C prevents and treats corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and to examine the effects of dosage and duration of exposure.

METHODS—In 224 New Zealand rabbits, −9.0 diopter PRK with mitomycin C or balanced salt solution was performed. Haze level was graded at the slit-lamp. Rabbits were sacrificed at 4 hours, 24 hours, 4 weeks, or 6 months after surgery and immunohistochemistry was performed with TUNEL assay, Ki67 and α-SMA.

RESULTS—TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells marginally increased in all mitomycin C groups whereas Ki67-positive mitotic cells decreased significantly following mitomycin C application. A greater …

Characterization Of Perphenazine And Scopolamine Aerosols Generated Using The Capillary Aerosol Generator, Xihao Li

Theses and Dissertations

The characterization of perphenazine and scopolamine aerosols generated using the capillary aerosol generator (CAG) was reported. Variables including steady state power, the formulation vehicle, the drug concentration and the formulation flow rate were studied for their effects on the chemical stability and particle size of these drug aerosols.Stability-indicating HPLC and LC-MS assays were developed and validated for perphenazine and scopolamine, respectively. The chemical stability of each compound was investigated under a variety of stress conditions and the structure of degradation products was proposed.Perphenazine aerosols were generated from propylene glycol (PG) formulations with concentrations of 9, 48 and 90mM at formulation …

Attenuation Of Acute Rejection In A Rat Liver Transplantation Model By A Liver-Targeted Dextran Prodrug Of Methylprednisolone, Anjaneya Chimalakonda, Donald L. Montgomery, Jon A. Weidanz, Imam H. Shaik, Justin H. Nguyen, John J. Lemasters, Eiji Kobayashi, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background. The use of methylprednisolone (MP) and other corticosteroids for the treatment of acute liver allograft rejection is associated with severe toxicities in nontarget tissues. Therefore, selective delivery of NIP to the liver may improve its efficacy and alleviate its side effects. We investigated the effects of a novel liver-targeted dextran prodrug of MP (DMP) in an orthotopic rat liver transplantation (OLT) model.

Methods. The model consisted of a high responder rejection strain combination (Dark Agouti donors and Lewis recipients). Liver recipients were intravenously administered saline or a single subtherapeutic dose of MP (5 mg/kg) as the parent …

Ky Pharmacists’ Perceptions On Medication Errors (Me): A Tool For Legitimate Discussions With The Kentucky Board Of Pharmacy?, J. D. Hammond

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

No executive summary.

The Effect Of Variability In Substance Abuse And Dependence Terminology On Physicians' Prescribing Decisions, Lisa Rochelle Burroughs Phipps

Theses and Dissertations

Prescription drug abuse is a continuing problem in the United States. Educating physicians on issues related to prescription drug abuse is a key factor in preventing and treating this problem. High variability has been found in substance abuse terminology in the literature, textbooks, and FDA-approved product labeling. This dissertation describes a survey study designed to address how the variability in substance abuse terminology, specifically package inserts, affects the prescribing decisions made by physicians.A random sample of 1008 physicians currently licensed and residing in the Commonwealth of Virginia received a letter of explanation, a self-administered questionnaire, and a follow-up reminder and …

Pharmaceutical Research: Paradox, Challenge Or Dilemma?, Abdul Latif Sheikh

Community Health Sciences

A great deal of pharmaceutical research is nowadays carried out in developing countries such as Pakistan. Is it, however, beneficial for the country and the participants, often the poorly educated and illiterate? Pharmaceutical research in Pakistan can bring benefits to both patients and country. Promotion of good clinical practice and the development of national guidelines are advocated. Government and industry both have a role to play to maintain the right balance.

Medications That Should Not Be Crushed, K. Shaver, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Over-The-Counter Supplements For Cholesterol Lowering, K. M. Shields, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Topical Treatment Of Chronic Wounds, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

A 'Biorelevant' Approach For Accelerated In Vitro Release And In Vitro-In Vivo Relationship Of A Biodegradable, Naltrexone Implant, Sunil S. Iyer

Theses and Dissertations

Characterization of in vitro and in vivo drug release profiles constitutes an important step in developing and optimizing an effective, long acting delivery system for naltrexone. Accelerated in vitro methods are also important for quality assurance of manufactured dosage forms. For drug release testing of sustained release parenteral dosage forms, the modified USP Apparatus 4 (flow-through cell) has been recommended by the The Fédération Internationale Pharmaceutique/American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (FIP/AAPS) Guidelines. Details on such studies however, are generally not found in the literature. To incorporate 'biorelevance' to implant drug release studies, this research investigated an approach to apparatus design …

Length Of Hospital Stay, Delirium And Discharge Status Outcomes Associated With Anticholinergic Drug Use In Elderly Hospitalized Dementia Patients, Kelly J. Gauthier

Theses and Dissertations

Problem: There are a significant proportion of patients taking acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ChEi) for cognitive dysfunction also taking medications with anticholinergic (ACh) properties that may counteract their effects. As the number of ACh medications, burden, increases so does the likelihood of an adverse outcome.Background: ACh medications are frequently used in the elderly population (Carnahan 2004) even those with dementia or AD (Roe et al., 2002; Giron et al., 2001; Altavela 2003; Gill et al., 2005; Kogut et al., 2005). Methods: Hospitalized patients > 65 years of age with dementia (AD, other dementias, or with inferred dementia based on ChEi or NMDA antagonist …

Small Molecules Binding To Serpins, Junaid Afridi

Theses and Dissertations

Serpins are a unique breed of proteins due to their enzymatic mechanism. Two systems were closely monitored during fluorescent binding studies, the ACT-CHY along with the AT:TRY interaction. Four different conformational variants of each system were studied including the native, cleaved, latent and complex forms. Three different fluorescent dyes were used to identify the conformations including ANS, TNS, and bis-ANS. SI studies and protease assays utilizing both Suc-AAPF-pNA and L-BAPNA were instrumental in determining conformations along with gel electrophoresis studies. The hydrophobic dyes bound to the different serpins with varying KD and ΔFmax due to structural variations among the conformers …

Identifikasi Senyawa Antioksidan Dalam Spons Callyspongia Sp Dari Kepulauan Seribu, Endang Hanani

Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian

Antioxidant activity and identification of antioxidative compounds of Callyspongia sponge from Seribu Island (Kepulauan Seribu) were investigated. The sponge was extracted with acetone and the extract was concentrated using rotary vacuum evaporator. DPPH and tiocyanate methods were used to examine the antioxidant activity of the extract. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in DPPH method with IC50 of 41.21 µg/ml. Chemical analysis indicated that the antioxidative compound in the sponge was alkaloid group.

Green Engineering And Gate-To Gate Life Cycle Assessments For Pharmaceutical Products, Daniel Fichana

Theses and Dissertations

The research of this thesis focused on the environmental and processing metrics during the development of two different drugs. Previous research in life cycle assessments and green engineering have focused on other products and processes, but only a limited amount of studies have been conducted for pharmaceutical applications. This analysis concerned a gate-to-gate analysis of two distinct pharmaceutical products along with the development of a solvent selection table. The goal of this research was to determine how various processing and environmental metrics were affected by process improvements.

The first drug was the pravastatin, which was made via a fermentation route. …

Family Health Portrait, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

A Stepwise Guide To Selecting A Medicare Prescription Drug Plan, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Medicare Part D Resources For The Health Professional, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Research News: 2005, No. 3, University Of Mississippi. School Of Pharmacy

Research News: Grants and Publications (2000-2014)

Grants, publications, technology transfer, special announcements

Nutritional Support In The Acute Care Patient Post-Ventricular Assist Device Placement, Abby Re, Jane M. Gervasio, Robert D. Warhurst, Gary P. Zaloga

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Abstract from American College of Clinical Pharmacy Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, October 23-26, 2005.

Application Of Polyelectrolyte Layer-By-Layer Nano-Assembly For Surface Modification, Encapsulation And Controlled Release, Nikhil Anil Pargaonkar

Doctoral Dissertations

In this study, we applied the traditional Electrostatic layer-by-layer (ELBL) assembly procedure to fabricate nanothin films over flat surfaces, and modify particle surfaces to influence the drug particle size, and drug release. The ELBL assembly has previously been applied to fabricate multilayer nano-scale thin films, but its ability to instantaneously influencing particle size is unique. Other unique observations such as influence on drug release as a result of polymer complexation, and thermal changes occurring during layer fabrication are recorded.

The ELBL self-assembly process was applied to produce dexamethasone particles layered with various polyelectrolyte layer combinations. These combinations were further applied …

New Take-Home Screening Tests For Colon Cancer, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Cis-2,6-Disubstituted Piperidines For The Treatment Of Psychostimulant Abuse And Withdrawal, Eating Disorders, And Central Nervous System Diseases And Pathologies, Linda P. Dwoskin, Peter A. Crooks, Marlon D. Jones

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Cis-2,6-disubstituted piperdine analogs, or lobeline analogs, having the general formula...

To see the remainder of this abstract, please download this patent.

Pharmacy Newsletter : September 2005, Pharmacy Department

Department of Pharmacy Archives

Content:

• Are Expired Drugs Dangerous?
• ADR Reportage—Year wise Presentation
• NEWS ALERT! Use of Promethazine (Phenargan) in Children
• Important Drug Warning - Herceptin (Trastuzumab)

The Chemical Species Of Aluminum Influences Its Paracellular Flux Across And Uptake Into Caco-2 Cells, A Model Of Gastrointestinal Absorption, Yuzhao Zhou, Robert A. Yokel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Aluminum (Al) can cause neurotoxicity, a low-turnover osteomalacia, and microcytic anemia. To test the null hypothesis that the chemical form (species) of Al does not influence its mechanism or rate of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, Al flux across and uptake into Caco-2 cells was investigated. Caco-2 cells were grown on porous membranes mounted in vertical diffusion chambers or in 35-mm-diameter plastic cell culture dishes. When 8 mM ²⁷Al was introduced as the ion, citrate, maltolate, fluoride, or hydroxide, the apical to basolateral apparent permeability (P_app) of Al correlated highly with the P_app of lucifer yellow …

Hipaa Confusion And Fear About Protected Health Information, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.