Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Einstein's Medication Reach Program Enhances Patient Care, Deborah Hauser Rph, Mha

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Design, Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Novel Compounds With Cns-Activity Targeting Cannabinoid And Biogenic Amine Receptors, Alexander M. Sherwood

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

This work seeks to contribute to the discipline of neuropharmacology by way of structure activity relationship from the standpoint of an organic chemist. More specifically, we sought to develop robust synthetic methodology able to efficiently produce an array of compounds for the purpose of systematic evaluation of their interaction with specific sights within the central nervous system (CNS) in order to better understand the mind and to develop drugs that may have beneficial effects on neurological function.

The focus of these studies has been toward the development of novel molecules, using a structure-activity relationship approach, that exhibit binding affinity at …

A Transgender Health Care Panel Discussion In A Required Diversity Course, Amy L. Parkhill, Jennifer Mathews, Scott Fearing, Jeanne Gainsburg

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of a panel discussion on transgender health care on first-year (P1) pharmacy students' knowledge and understanding of transgender experiences in an Introduction to Diversity course.

DESIGN: The panel consisted of both transgender males and females. After panelists shared their healthcare experiences, students asked them questions in a moderated setting. Students completed evaluations on the presentation and learning outcomes. They also wrote a self-reflection paper on the experience.

ASSESSMENT: Ninety-one percent of students agreed that they could describe methods for showing respect to a transgender patient and 91.0% evaluated the usefulness of the presentation to be …

Retrotransposon Alu Is Enriched In The Epichromatin Of Hl-60 Cells, Ada L. Olins, Naveed Ishaque, Sasithorn Chotewutmontri, Jörg Langowski, Donald E. Olins

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Epichromatin, the surface of chromatin facing the nuclear envelope in an interphase nucleus, reveals a “rim” staining pattern with specific mouse monoclonal antibodies against histone H2A/H2B/DNA and phosphatidylserine epitopes. Employing a modified ChIP-Seq procedure on undifferentiated and differentiated human leukemic (HL-60/S4) cells, >95% of assembled epichromatin regions overlapped with Alu retrotransposons. They also exhibited enrichment of the AluS subfamily and of Alu oligomers. Furthermore, mapping epichromatin regions to the human chromosomes revealed highly similar localization patterns in the various cell states and with the different antibodies. Comparisons with available epigenetic databases suggested that epichromatin is neither “classical” heterochromatin nor highly …

Household Reporting Of Childhood Respiratory Health And Air Pollution In Rural Alaska Native Communities, Desirae N. Ware, Johnnye Lewis, Scarlett Hopkins, Bert Boyer, Luke Montrose, Curis W. Noonan, Erin O. Semmens, Tony J. Ward

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background. Air pollution is an important contributor to respiratory disease in children.

Objective. To examine associations between household reporting of childhood respiratory conditions and household characteristics related to air pollution in Alaska Native communities.

Design. In-home surveys were administered in 2 rural regions of Alaska. The 12-month prevalence of respiratory conditions was summarized by region and age. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to describe associations between respiratory health and household and air quality characteristics.

Results. Household-reported respiratory health data were collected for 561 children in 328 households. In 1 region, 33.6% of children aged/or bronchitis. Children with these conditions …

Chemical Profiling And Biological Activity Of Two Tunicate-Associated Marine Bacteria, Lyubina Yankova

Honors Scholar Theses

Marine natural products have recently been an increasingly abundant source of novel antibiotics. Given that there is an increasing resistance to current drug therapies, finding new sources such as marine natural products is essential. Tunicate-associated marine bacteria can be a significant source of antibacterial compounds. Two tunicates of the species Eudistoma were collected from Portobelo National Park on the Salmedina Reef of Panama in the Caribbean Sea. Bacteria associated with the tunicate were isolated, cultured, extracted, and fractionated. Fractions were tested against an array of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens in the BioMAP assay. Two fractions MB0086E and MB0088E demonstrated activity …

Use Of Parthenolide Derivatives As Antileukemic And Cytotoxic Agents, Peter A. Crooks, Craig T. Jordan, Xiaochen Wei

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

To read this abstract, please download this patent.

Nanotoxicity In Cells Of The Immune System, Jonathan J. Pelc

Science Scholars

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide a new medical approach to drug therapy. As with every new approach, safety precautions need to be taken, and the immediate and long-term effects for many NPs are still unclear. When administering a medical treatment into the human body, the first issue that needs to be addressed is host detection of the medicine and inflammation as a possible result of the treatment. If a new NP treatment causes inflammation before it releases its medicine, that treatment may be ineffective, even damaging to the patient. Small metallic and organic particles have been shown to elicit an inflammatory responses …

A Systematic Column Performance Comparison For The Confirmation Of Opioids Used In Pain Management By Lc-Ms, Derek Stallard

Undergraduate Honors Theses

In this study, three different chromatographic column chemistries (C18, Pentafluorophenyl (PFP), Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC)) were compared under optimal conditions to determine which stationary performed best in the separation and detection of a mixture of opioids using LC-MS. Furthermore, these stationary phases were examined in three different column technologies – traditional silica, porous shell, and porous polymer (PRP). The PRP column had the best peak shape for all 13 opioids and dominated for later-eluting compounds. In terms of column reproducibility, the Hamilton C18 column had the lowest %RSD values. The Kinetex HILIC produced the most theoretical plates and best resolution …

Preventive Effect Of Non-Mitogenic Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor On Diabetes-Induced Testicular Cell Death., Melissa Skibba 1990-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 was found to protect the heart from oxidative damage, but clinically its long-term use was restricted for its undesirable proliferating activity on cells. Thus a cluster of amino acids responsible for the proliferation were deleted in the native FGF-1 to create a non-mitogenic FGF-1 (nmFGF-1). To assess whether nmFGF-1 protects male germ cells from diabetes-induced apoptotic death, the study employed a murine model of diabetes using multiple low-doses of streptozotocin, followed by nmFGF-1 treatment for 6 months. Diabetic mice showed a decrease in testicular weight and an increase in apoptotic cell death. Treatment with nmFGF-1 alleviated …

The Role Of Pesticides In Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld)., Laila Al-Eryani 1986-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

NAFLD, the most common form of liver disease worldwide, is caused by various factors including industrial chemicals and pesticides exposure. Annually, 5.2 billion pounds of pesticides are used worldwide and can contribute to liver disease, but their role is modestly studied. We hypothesize that pesticides contaminating food supply can worsen diet-induced steatosis via xenobiotic receptor activation. Two human and two rodent databases were utilized and 85% of the 330 chemicals identified associated with NAFLD were pesticides. Eight were selected for evaluating hepatic receptor activation in vitro. The majority including DDT activated hPXR/CAR and mPXR. DDT (100 mg/kg) was studied in …

Neurodegeneration-Associated Instability Of Ribosomal Dna., Justin Lauren Hallgren 1981-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Homologous recombination-mediated instability of the repetitively organized ribosomal DNA has been proposed as a mediator of cell senescence in yeast triggering the DNA damage response. High individual variability in the content of human ribosomal DNA suggests that this genomic region remained relatively unstable throughout evolution. Therefore, quantitative real time PCR was used to determine the genomic content of ribosomal DNA in post mortem samples of parietal cortex from 14 young and 9 elderly individuals with no diagnosis of a chronic neurodegenerative/neurological disease. In addition, ribosomal DNA content in that brain region was compared between 10 age-matched control individuals and 10 …

Big Pharma And Big Medicine In The Global Environment, Anne E. Figert, Susan E. Bell

Sociology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

In previous work we argued that sociologists need to expand our thinking about pharmaceuticalization, the process of understanding and/or treating social, behavioral, or bodily conditions with pharmaceuticals. The majority of sociological scholarship has investigated pharmaceuticalization as a primarily Western process and conceptualized it in modern terms (Bell and Figert 2010, 2012a, 2012b). In our view, the work of anthropologists and science and technology studies (STS) scholars who decenter the West as the starting point for research opens up new avenues for understanding the global dynamics of pharmaceuticalization. We have also argued in favor of adopting a postmodern theoretical lens which …

Design Of A Problem-Based Learning Pain And Palliative Care Elective Course, Katherine Juba, Bernard P. Ricca

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective

To implement and evaluate a problem-based learning (PBL) pain and palliative care elective course to develop studentsʼ pain and symptom management pharmacotherapy knowledge, clinical reasoning process, and self-directed learning skills.

Methods

Each week students received a patient case to independently develop an assessment and plan for each pain and symptom management problem. During class the students discussed their findings within small groups in preparation for a large-group discussion with the instructor. Studentsʼ course grades were based on weekly pre-class case preparation, individual case studies, and self-reflection questions. To assess knowledge gained over the semester a free-response pre- and post-course …

Development Of A Novel Vaccine Adjuvant System Utilizing An In Situ Implant System To Modified Release, Qiuye Zhang

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Pulsatile release formulations for single dose vaccines have been studied for many years because of the advantages that they may provide to vaccine administration with a single dose instead of prime and booster shots.

The aim of this work is to develop novel formulations based on an In Situ Implant (ISI) systems to provide a modified vaccine release and altered immune response, which could act as a booster administration. This type of system was selected because ISI systems are used for long acting administration of various drugs and ease of administration. A typical ISI system is comprised of hydrophilic organic …

Analysis Of Ligand Bias In Functional Studies Involving The Allosteric Modulation Of G Protein- Coupled Receptors, Frederick J. Ehlert, Michael T. Griffin

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction

The affinity constants of a ligand for active and inactive states of a receptor ultimately determine its capacity to activate downstream signaling events. In this report, we describe a reverse-engineering strategy for estimating these microscopic constants.

Methods

Our approach involves analyzing responses measured downstream in the signaling pathway of a G protein-coupled receptor under conditions of allosteric modulation and reduced receptor expression or partial receptor inactivation. The analysis also yields estimates of the isomerization constant of the unoccupied receptor, the sensitivity constant of the signaling pathway, and the more empirical parameters of the receptor population including the observed affinities …

A Survey Of Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices In The Western United States: Successes And Challenges, Gayle Louise Allenback

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Antibiotics are one of the most important developments in medicine, and their ability to prevent and control infections has had a major impact in clinical medicine. However, the past three decades have shown an increase in multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in both hospital patients and in the community, decreasing our ability to successfully control infection. Complicating the depletion of effective antimicrobials is the fact that, in the last 10 years, there has also been a decrease in the development of new antibacterial agents. Resistant infections have resulted in increased morbidity and mortality, with a consequential increase in healthcare costs. The utilization …

Assessing The Relationship Between The Blood-Air Partition Coefficient And Fractional Uptake Of Inspired Halothane, Acetone, And Ethanol Vapors In The Airways Of The C57bl/6j Mouse, Joshua Baruch Baldino

Honors Scholar Theses

The following series of studies investigates the elimination and uptake trends of halothane, acetone, and ethanol vapors in the airways of C57BL/6J mice. These vapors were chosen because they span a wide range of solubilities, as indicated by their blood-air partition coefficients, and are not associated with any significant airway metabolism or reactivity with tissue substrates in vivo. Mice were exposed to a homogeneous vapor mixture containing a 1:1:1 ratio of halothane, acetone, and ethanol at relative concentrations of approximately 10 ppm. Exposure studies were performed with mice in two states, conscious and deceased, in order to provide control …

Lrh1 As A Driving Factor For Cancer Development, Alissa M. Margraf

Senior Honors Projects

LRH1 as a driving factor for cancer development

Alissa Margraf, Qi Tang, Qiushi Lin, Xiaoqun Dong

Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Pharmacy Building, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881 USA

Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Colon cancer ranks as the third most common causes of cancer mortality in the United States, with an estimated 96,830 new cases and 50,310 deaths in 2014. Colon cancer develops in the digestive tract where benign growths called polyps transform into malignant tumors. Colon cancer cells invade and destroy nearby tissue and can …

Investigations Of Novel Mechanisms Of Action For Anti-Bacterial And Anti-Cancer Agent Development, Jenson Verghese

Theses and Dissertations

The development of drugs and therapeutic agents for combating infections and human malignancies continues to be a forefront area in both academic and industrial research. This is driven by the rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and accumulating mutations in cancer targets that is quickly rendering our current arsenal of drugs ineffective for these therapies. Unless new drugs with novel mechanisms of action are identified and developed at a faster pace, we face a losing battle in managing these diseases. The first part of this work concerns with the natural product Simocyclinone D8 (SD8). Simocyclinone D8 is an angucyclinone …

Glioma: A Tale Of Corticosteroids, Thiopurines And Proposed Novel Antiglioma Small Molecules, Amira Ahmed

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Glioma is a brain tumor that arises from glial cells or glial progenitor cells, and represents 80% of malignant brain tumor incidence in the United States. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor malignancy with fewer than 8% of patients with GBM surviving for 3 years. Over the past 10 years, despite improvement in diagnosis and therapies for cancer, the survival rate for high-grade glioma patients remains unchanged. The main focus of this dissertation is to investigate two therapeutic agents that are related to increase tumor resistance or increase secondary tumor incidence, which might play a role …

Respon Bioakumulator Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) Terhadap Logam Berat Pb Dan Cd Di Sungai Pegangsaan Dua, Sri Teguh Rahayu, Meutia Faradilla, Ester Yani Verawati, Muchrip Triana

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Eichhornia crassipes is one of Indonesia’s wild plant that considered as weed. Its presence can disrupt ecosystems in the river. However, it is proven to absorb Pb and Fe. It is also believed that E.crassipes can absorb other metals such as Hg , Zn , Cu and Cd which were belong to the same group as Pb and Fe. In addition to heavy metal sequestration, Eichhornia crassipes can also absorb pesticide residues. This descriptive research was done to determine the bioaccumulator response to Pb and Cd in Pegangsaan Dua river using Inductively Coupled Plasma method. Bioaccumulator response of Eichhornia crassipes …

Formulasi Gel Pacar Air (Impatiens Balsamina Linn.) Terhadap Propionibacterium Acnes Dan Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Diah Ismarani, Liza Pratiwi, Indri Kusharyanti

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Acnes vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of Impatiens balsamina L. has been studied for many years. The aims of this study are to find out the antiacne effect from methanolic extract of stems and leaves of Impatiens balsamina L. that formulated in gel. Simplicia were extracted using soxhlet technique bu using methanol as solvent. Extracts were then formulated in gel in three variations of HPMC 4000 and Carbopol 934 as gel base with ratio of 70:30 (F1), 50:50 (F2) and 30:70 (F3). The determination of antiacne …

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri 1-[(Kuinazolin-4-On-2-Il)Metil]Piridin-1-Ium Bromida Dan 2-Bromometilkuinazolin-4-On, Hayun Hayun, Arif Arrahman, Herman Suryadi, Arry Yanuar

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Antibacterial activity tests of quinazolin-4-one derivates: 1-[(6-nitroquinazolin-4one-2-yl)methyl]piridin-1-ium bromide (1), 1-[(6-aminoquinazolin-4-on-2-yl)methyl] piridin-1-um bromide (2), 2-bromomethylquinazolin-4-one (3) and 2-bromomethyl-6nitroquinazolin-4-one(4) with trimethoprim (5) as a positive standard were conducted. The antibacterial activity tests were carried out using disc diffusion method againts E.coli, S.aureus and S.thyposa, and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 are inactive as antibacterial, whereas compounds 3 and 4 are active.The activities to E.coli were ¼ times the activity of trimethoprim (MIC : 5 x 102 µg/ml compared to 1.25 x 102 µg/ml ). The activity to S. typhosa were ½-1 times the …

Uji Toksisitas Fraksi Air Impatiens Balsamina Pada Tikus Betina Galur Sprague Dawley, Entang Nurqolbiah, Indri Kusharyanti, Siti Nani Nurbaeti

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The present study was aimed to predict the level of toxicity of aqueous fraction of Impatiens balsamina by acute toxicity study using OECD guideline 425. Female Sprague Dawley 8-12 week and weight between 140-170 gram were used, the amount of experimental rats were 10 rats. Rats were sequentially administered all the fraction in single dosage (limit test) of 2000 mg/kg body weight and 5000 mg/kg of body weight. All the animals were individually studied for mortality, wellness parameters, food consumption,water consumption, body weight. Histopathological examination was done on the liver and kidney. The result of this study showed that no …

Pengaruh Natrium Hialuronat Terhadap Penetrasi Kofein Sebagai Antiselulit Dalam Sediaan Hidrogel, Hidroalkoholik Gel, Dan Emulsi Gel, Joshita Djajadisastra, Zuraida Syafara Dzuhro, Sutriyo Sutriyo

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Anticellulite topical gel preparation with caffeine as active ingredient needs a penetration enhancer to reach subcutaneous layer. Sodium hyaluronate (NaHA), the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, is a hydrophilic polysaccharide derivative polymer. It has ability to enhance percutaneous penetration by loosening the dense of the compact substance stratum corneum. The aim of this research was to observe the effects of NaHA on caffeine penetration as anticellulite active agent in three types of gel preparation: hydrogel, hydroalcoholic gel, and gel emulsion. Each gel type contained caffeine 1,5% and was varied into three formulas. Formula 1 contained HPMC 2% as gel basis; …

Opioid-Ketamine And Norketamine Codrug Combinations For Pain Management, Joseph R. Holtman, Peter A. Crooks, Ujjwal Chakraborty

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

The present invention relates to the field of pain management, and more particularly to synergistic codrugs comprising an opioid and ketamine or norketamine which have been combined to form a single chemical codrug entity. When the codrug is administered it produces a synergistic analgesic response to pain.

Opioid-Nornicotine Codrugs Combinations For Pain Management, Joseph R. Holtman, Peter A. Crooks, Ujjwal Chakraborty

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

The present invention relates to the field of pain management, and more particularly to synergistic codrugs comprising an opioid and nornicotine which have been combined to form a single chemical codrug entity. When the codrug is administered it produces a synergistic analgesic response to pain.

Studies On Rationally Designed, Allosteric, Coagulation Inhibitors, Rio Boothello

Theses and Dissertations

Heparin is a natural allosteric modulator, with numerous structural and conformational variations leading to many reports of bleeding complications and variations in anticoagulant effects. A flurry of research has been directed towards understanding this puzzle. This work entails the utilization of three unique strategies to further our understanding of this complex issue. Traditional synthetic, biosynthetic and biophysical approaches have failed to conquer the GAG-protein complexity. Computational analysis however could serve as a powerful approach to decipher this dilemma. A dual filter algorithm was incorporated to identify unique hexasaccharide sequences for HCII and AT. Our experimental studies exhibit a good correlation …

Honokiol Enhances Paclitaxel Efficacy In Multi-Drug Resistant Human Cancer Model Through The Induction Of Apoptosis, Xu Wang, Jonathan J. Beitler, Hong Wang, Michael J. Lee, Wen Huang, Lydia Koenig, Sreenivas Nannapaneni, Arm R. Amin, Michael Bonner, Hyung Ju C. Shin, Zhuo Georgia Chen, Jack L. Arbiser, Dong M. Shin

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Resistance to chemotherapy remains a major obstacle in cancer therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanism and efficacy of honokiol in inducing apoptosis and enhancing paclitaxel chemotherapy in pre-clinical multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer models, including lineage-derived human MDR (KB-8-5, KB-C1, KB-V1) and their parental drug sensitive KB-3-1 cancer cell lines. In vitro analyses demonstrated that honokiol effectively inhibited proliferation in KB-3-1 cells and the MDR derivatives (IC₅₀ ranging 3.35±0.13 µg/ml to 2.77±0.22 µg/ml), despite their significant differences in response to paclitaxel (IC₅₀ ranging 1.66±0.09 ng/ml to 6560.9±439.52 ng/ml). Honokiol induced mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-mediated apoptosis in …