Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Acute Fish Oil Supplementation And Aspirin Treatment Modulates Lipid Profile In Platelet Rich Plasma: A Randomized Pilot Trial, Joshua M. Morriss, Lisa A. Turner, Danielle M. Mccormack, Daniel Contaifer, Naren Gajenthra Kumar, Saidheeraj Paravataneni, Monther Alsultan, Suad Alshammari, Silas Contaifer, Parthasarathy Madurantakam, Dayanjan Wijesinghe

Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science Publications

Aims: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been used in tissue repair to treat numerous inflammatory pathophysiologies. Recent studies have elucidated that the bioactive lipid fraction of PRP significantly contributes towards the resolution of inflammation. There has been great interest in how therapeutics could modulate the PRP lipidome to formulate a more pro-resolving matrix. Many of the pathways used to produce either pro-resolving or pro-inflammatory lipids are shared between ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Here, we explored the separate and interacting effects acute exogenous ω-3 PUFA supplementation and aspirin had on the lipidome of PRP within 6 hours.

Methods: …

Assessing Real-World Spot Urine Sodium Values During Continuous Intravenous Infusion Of Loop Diuretics, Rachel Propst, Michael Akers

Pharmacy Posters

• The use of spot urine sodium (UNa)>60 mmol/L as an objective measure to guide diuretic therapy in patients receiving bolus intravenous loop diuretics has been associated with increased weight loss and decreased length of stay.
• There is limited published data evaluating UNa use in patients receiving continuous intravenous loop diuretic infusions.

Design And Synthesis Of Non-Xanthone Structural Analogs Of Α-Mangostin, Maryam Foroozmehr

Theses and Dissertations

α-Mangostin belongs to a class of polyphenolic compounds called xanthones. The potential pharmacological effects such as anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects of α-mangostin have made it an important natural product for medicinal chemistry evaluation. During this thesis research, we have designed and synthesized a series of non-xanthone analogs of α-mangostin for medicinal chemistry evaluation. A commercially available starting material, methyl-4-methoxysalicylate was used to synthesize these non-xanthone analogs. The analogs were designed as more flexible derivatives compared to the tricyclic motif within α-mangostin yet retain the hydroxybenzoate scaffold. Through a one-pot chemical synthesis, with relatively high yield (70%), we prepared eight different …

A Timecourse Based Dermatotoxicity Evaluation Of Mechlorethamine On Damage And Repair Related Protein Expression In The Mouse Ear Vesicant Model, Ganming Mao

Theses and Dissertations

Mechlorethamine (HN2) is a type of nitrogen mustard alkylating agent that has been widely applied as an anticancer drug. HN2 is an analog of the corrosive reagent sulfur mustard, which is highly reactive with skin and organisms exposed to HN2 develop significant skin irritation, edema, erythema, and disruption of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). These pathological affects lead to tissue damage, activate wound repair mechanisms and, if unresolved, result in necrosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the time-dependent effects of HN2 on the expression of three different proteins using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and previously prepared and preserved formalin-fixed …

In Vitro And In Silico Approaches To Evaluate The Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Combination Antibiotic Therapy Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria, Sharmistha Das

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

This thesis focuses on combating antibacterial resistance by developing novel in vitro and in silico techniques. In vitro techniques such as in vitro pharmacodynamic (IVPD) modeling are powerful tools for investigating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response of antibiotics against bacteria. The standard IVPD model in the literature works for simulating monotherapy and combination therapy of drugs having similar half live. But it does not work for combination therapy of drugs having different half live. The method present in the literature for combination therapy of drugs with different half live was described by Blaser. By utilizing Blaser’s method, it was observed that …

Multivariate Pharmametric Approach As A Solution To The Challenges Associated With In-Situ Uv Fiber-Optic Dissolution Testing, Rushaben Maulik Sardhara

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

The advancement and automation in analytical techniques is a current thrust of the pharmaceutical industry. It has been over 30 years since unconventional semi or fully automatic methods have begun to be developed to achieve the measurement in-situ in the dissolution test apparatus. The current study focuses on the fiber optic dissolution system (FODS), its challenges, and solutions to the challenges. The inaccuracy in dissolution profile predictions due to some limitations associated with the FODS makes it difficult to adopt this advanced automated technology for various purposes. The traditional dissolution methods are still widely used even though they are time-consuming …

Ex Vivo Dermis Microdialysis: A Tool For Bioequivalence Testing Of Topical Dermatological Drug Product (Demonstration Of Proof Of Concept And Testing), Mohammad Asif Ali

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Clinical response to most topical dermatological drug products (TDDP) depends on the availability of the drug in the dermis. Dermal Microdialysis (dMD) is a sampling technique that permits measuring the concentration of a drug over time, in vivo, directly into the target tissue, the dermis. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from such studies may help to optimize the development of TDDP and potentially can be applied to the assessment of TDDP bioequivalence. However, these studies require several hours or even days of continuous sampling that makes it often stressful and unpractical for human subjects as well as animals. The goal of …

Understanding Of The Drug-Drug Co-Crystallized Solid Structure – Mechanical Properties And Improved Tableting Performance Of High Dose Metformin Hci To Optimize The Tablet Size, Jayshil Akhilkumar Bhatt

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Crystal engineering has been widely explored to design and develop crystalline forms of drugs to address issues related to solubility, permeability, stability, bioavailability, and other properties without impacting the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. In this exploration, we aim to address the existing limitation of metformin HCl (MET) using the cocrystallization technique, an effective tool of crystal engineering. MET, an FDA-approved anti-hyperglycemic drug, is one of the most widely prescribed treatments for type II diabetes mellitus. MET is known to suffer from several limitations due to physicochemical properties and poor mechanical and structural properties, which influence the tableting performance of …

Investigation Of Dermal Bioavailability And Bioequivalence Of Topical Dermatological Drug Products Via Microdialysis In Rabbits, Sharareh Iran Senemar

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

There is no standard technique to measure skin pharmacokinetics (PK) and therefore to evaluate bioequivalence (BE) for topical dermatological drug products (TDDPs). Generic companies are required to conduct costly clinical endpoint studies to evaluate BE. For this reason, regulatory agencies are looking for more efficient methods to measure the drug bioavailability of TDDPs. It is about 40 years since microdialysis was developed as a tool to study tissue biochemistry in animals, specifically, neurotransmitter release in the rodent brain, and 30 years since it was applied to study skin PK. However, improvements in the dermal microdialysis (dMD) technique are required to …

Splenic Artery Pseudo-Aneurysm Secondary To Necrotizing Pancreatitis – A Rare Lethal Complication., Vinay Raj Dr, Divya Vishwanatha Kini Dr

Radiology Teaching Files

CLINICAL HISTORY:

A 35-year-old male patient presented with history of massive hemoptysis associated with pain abdomen and breathlessness since the past 3 days. Patient had no prior co-morbidities; however was a chronic alcoholic and smoker since the past 15 years. No hospital admissions in the past

Drug Delivery Systems: Exploring Rheological Properties And Therapeutic Effect Of 5-Fu Chitosan Gel For Topical Wound Healing, Samuel Tetteh-Quarshie

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Diabetic skin wound is a common complication of diabetes that occurs in about 15% of diabetic patients and often requires prolonged hospitalization for its management and treatment. Natural polymers are used for wound dressing due to their biological adhesiveness, non-toxicity, and biodegradable nature. 5-Fluorouracil (FU) has been shown to alter adipokine expression which is implicated in cutaneous wound repair. Thus, our overall objective was to investigate the utility of chitosan (CS) gel for topical delivery of 5-FU to treat diabetic wounds. We prepared chitosan gel (2% w/w) in serial dilutions of 5-FU (25μg/mL, 2.5μg/mL, 0.25μg/mL, and 0.025μg/mL) and evaluated their …

Association Of Electronic Prescription In Controlled Substances Used, Archana Suwal, Jemima Akinyi Okonjo

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Controlled substances have been described as pharmaceuticals or illegal medicines that act primarily on the central nervous system and could cause physical and mental dependence, eventually leading to addiction. Prescription opioids were a significant contributor to the opioid epidemic, accounting for more than 70,000 opioid-related overdose deaths, including illicit and prescription opioids, between 2018 and 2019. The Electronic Prescriptions for Controlled Substances (EPCS) initiative recently aimed to reduce rates of prescription opioid addiction, abuse, diversion, and death. The system for controlled substances had become more widely used as providers and governments trying to combat the opioid problem. Because …

Cis-Trimethoxystilbene, Exhibits Higher Genotoxic And Antiproliferative Effects Than Its Isomer Trans-Trimethoxystilbene In Mcf-7 And Mcf-10a Cell Lines, Natália Dos Santos Gonçalves, Tamires Maria Silva Pereira De Mello, Cássia Suemi Mizuno, Saqlain Haider

Faculty and Student Publications

Stilbenes are a class of natural compounds with a wide variety of biological effects, such as antitumor activity. The best-known stilbene is resveratrol, whose clinical application is limited due to its low bioavailability. Methoxylated derivatives of this stilbene, including cis-trimethoxystilbene (cis-TMS) and trans-trimethoxystilbene (trans-TMS) have demonstrated more pronounced cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects than resveratrol. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects of cis-and trans-TMS in MCF-7 and its normal counterpart MCF-10A. Both compounds were cytotoxic, genotoxic, and induced G2-M accumulation and cell death in the two cell lines. These results suggested …

The Effect Of Paternal Age On Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome In Unexplained Infertility, Haitham Elbardisi, Mohamed Arafa, Neha Singh, Bridget Betts

Faculty and Student Publications

Objective: : To examine the effect of paternal age on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes in unexplained infertility Subjects and Methods: : This retrospective study, done at the Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar screened infertile couples who underwent ICSI between 2014 and 2019 for the inclusion and exclusion criteria defining ‘unexplained infertility’. Couples recruited were allocated into two groups: Group A (paternal age <35 years) and Group B (paternal age ≥35 years). Baseline characteristics, investigations including semen and advanced sperm function tests and ICSI records were compared for primary outcomes such as fertilisation, cleavage, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth; and secondary outcomes such as semen parameters and advanced sperm functions (DNA fragmentation index and oxidation reduction potential). Results: : We found that final pregnancy outcomes including clinical pregnancy rate (P = 0.231), live-birth rate (P = 0.143), and miscarriage rates (P = 0.466) were not significantly different between the two age groups. Normal fertilisation (P = 0.01) and cleavage rate after ICSI (P = 0.001) were statistically significant when the age groups were compared. Also, normal sperm morphology was found to be significantly different (P = 0.041). Conclusions: : Advanced paternal age affects sperm morphology, fertilisation and embryo cleavage in ICSI but does not appear to affect clinical pregnancy, miscarriage or live-birth rates. ICSI appears to be a valid fertility treatment option in advancing paternal age.

Eucalyptus Cinerea: Microscopic Profile, Chemical Composition Of Essential Oil And Its Antioxidant, Microbiological And Cytotoxic Activities, Matheus Saukoski Pauzer, Thais De Oliveira Borsato, Valter Paes De Almeida, Vijayasankar Raman

Faculty and Student Publications

Eucalyptus species possess anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal properties. In this study, the chemical composition and biological activities of Eucalyptus cinerea essential oil (EO) and the leaf and stem anatomy were investigated. EO was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and the compounds were identified by GC/MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and reducing phosphomolybdenum complex. Broth microdilution was used to determine antimicrobial activity. Cytotoxicity was verified against HeLa, HRT-18, and Calu-3 cells by MTT assay. The cytotoxic mechanism was studied by cell DNA content, cell cycle, and DNA fragmentation. The microscopic analyzes of the leaves and the stems …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Self-Reported Management Of Chronic Conditions, Hyllore Imeri, Erin Holmes, Shane Desselle, Meagen Rosenthal

Faculty and Student Publications

Chronic conditions (CCs) management during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the pandemic on patient activation (PA) and health locus of control (HLOC) remain unknown. This cross-sectional online survey study examined the role of COVID-19 pandemic-related worry or fear in PA and HLOC among patients with CCs. Individuals with CCs (n = 300) were recruited through MTurk Amazon. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions, the Patient Activation Measure, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control–Form B. Out of the 300 participants, 9.7% were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 7.3% were hospitalized. Patients with cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, …

Simultaneous Estimation Of Cinnamaldehyde And Eugenol In Essential Oils And Traditional And Ultrasound-Assisted Extracts Of Different Species Of Cinnamon Using A Sustainable/Green Hptlc Technique, Ahmed I. Foudah, Faiyaz Shakeel, Mohammed H. Alqarni, Samir A. Ross

Faculty and Student Publications

A wide range of analytical techniques are reported for the determination of cinnamaldehyde (CCHO) and eugenol (EOH) in plant extracts and herbal formulations either alone or in combination. Nevertheless, sustainable/green analytical techniques for the estimation of CCHO and EOH either alone or in combination are scarce in the literature. Accordingly, the present research was carried out to establish a rapid, highly sensitive, and sustainable high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique for the simultaneous estimation of CCHO and EOH in the traditional and ultrasound-assisted methanolic extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, C. burmannii, and C. cassia and their essential oils. The simultaneous estimation of …

Isolation Of Catechins From Cycas Armstrongii Miq. Of An Egyptian Origin, Ahmed Ismail, Mohamed M. Radwan, Hossam M. Hassan, Abeer S. Moawad

Faculty and Student Publications

The phytochemical investigation of Cycas armstrongii Miq. leaves and twigs using different chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of three catechin monomers; catechin (1), epicatechin (2), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (3), for the first time from this species. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds is discussed in the rest of this article.

Hiv-1 Tat And Morphine Differentially Disrupt Pyramidal Cell Structure And Function And Spatial Learning In Hippocampal Area Ca1: Continuous Versus Interrupted Morphine Exposure, William D. Marks, Jason J. Paris, Aaron J. Barbour, Jean Moon

Faculty and Student Publications

About half the people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have neurocognitive deficits that often include memory impairment and hippocampal deficits, which can be exacerbated by opioid abuse. To explore the effects of opioids and HIV on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron structure and function, we induced HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) expression in transgenic mice for 14 d and co-administered time-release morphine or vehicle subcutaneous implants during the final 5 d (days 9–14) to establish steady-state morphine levels. Morphine was withheld from some ex vivo slices during recordings to begin to assess the initial pharmacokinetic consequences of opioid withdrawal. Tat …

An Evaluation Of Antipseudomonal Dosing On The Incidence Of Treatment Failure, Brandon K. Hawkins, Mary Joyce B. Wingler, David A. Cretella, Katie E. Barber

Faculty and Student Publications

Introduction: Significant mortality is associated with delays in appropriate antibiotic therapy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The impact of empiric dosing on clinical outcomes has been largely unreported. Methods: This retrospective cohort compared treatment failure in patients receiving guideline-concordant or guideline-discordant empiric therapy with cefepime, meropenem, or piperacillin/tazobactam. Patients with culture-positive P. aeruginosa between 1 July 2013 and 31 July 2019 were eligible for inclusion. Patients with cystic fibrosis, polymicrobial infection, and urinary or pulmonary colonization were excluded. The composite primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as (1) therapy modification due to resistance/perceived treatment failure, (2) increased/unchanged qSOFA, or (3) persistent …

Understanding Of Pharmacy Students Towards Antibiotic Use, Antibiotic Resistance And Antibiotic Stewardship Programs: A Cross-Sectional Study From Punjab, Pakistan, Khezar Hayat, Shazia Jamshed, Meagen Rosenthal, Noman Ul Haq

Faculty and Student Publications

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a significant issue for public health globally. An adequate understanding of ABR and the approaches used to tackle ABR, including antibiotic stewardship programs, are vital. This study aimed to get an insight into antibiotic use, ABR, and antibiotic stewardship programs among pharmacy students of Punjab, Pakistan. This multicenter study was undertaken among final (fifth) year undergraduate pharmacy students of 7 universities of Punjab, Pakistan. A paper-based self-administered questionnaire comprising 48-items was utilized for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. This study included a total of 296 respondents with a response rate …

A Modified Delphi Involving Laboratory Faculty To Define Essential Skills For Pharmacy Graduates, Jeanne E. Frenzel, Brandon T. Nuziale, Courtney L. Bradley, Jordan M. Ballou

Faculty and Student Publications

Objective. To define essential skills for Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) graduates that are needed in the four most common sectors of pharmacy practice as determined by expert faculty who instruct within pharmacy skills laboratories. Methods. A three-round Delphi method was used to establish consensus. In the first round, participants were asked what skills were needed by students at entry to practice in community, health-system, ambulatory care, and managed care pharmacy settings. In rounds two and three, participants were asked to rate each skill with a level of importance using a 10-point Likert scale (1=not important to 10=very important). Results. In …

Expression Of Trefoil Factor 3 Is Decreased In Colorectal Cancer, Ingrid Espinoza, Sumit Agarwal, Amit Reddy, Veena Shenoy

Faculty and Student Publications

In colorectal cancer (CRC), high expression of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is associated with tumor progression and reduced patient survival; however, bioinformatics analyses of public 'omics' databases show low TFF3 expression in CRCs as compared to normal tissues. Thus, we examined TFF3 expression in CRCs and matching normal tissues to evaluate its role in CRC progression. TFF3 gene expression was char- acterized using the bioinformatics portal UALCAN (http:// ualcan.path.uab.edu). Tissue microarrays (TMAs) of archival CRC specimens (n=96) were immunostained with anti-human TFF3 antibodies. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining intensity was semi-quantitatively scored. For this cohort, the median follow-up was 5.4 years. Associations …

Exploring The Chemical Space Of 1,2,3-Triazolyl Triclosan Analogs For Discovery Of New Antileishmanial Chemotherapeutic Agents, Julia Fernández De Luco, Alejandro I. Recio-Balsells, Diego G. Ghiano, Ana Bortolotti

Faculty and Student Publications

Triclosan and isoniazid are known antitubercular compounds that have proven to be also active againstLeishmaniaparasites. On these grounds, a collection of 37 diverse 1,2,3-triazoles based on the antitubercular molecules triclosan and 5-octyl-2-phenoxyphenol (8PP) were designed in search of novel structures with leishmanicidal activity and prepared using different alkynes and azides. The 37 compounds were assayed againstLeishmania donovani, the etiological agent of leishmaniasis, yielding some analogs with activity at micromolar concentrations and againstM. tuberculosisH37Rv resulting in scarce active compounds with an MIC of 20 μM. To study the mechanism of action of these catechols, we analyzed the inhibition activity of the …

Multisite Study Assessing The Effect Of Cognitive Test Anxiety On Academic And Standardized Test Performance, Adam N. Pate, Stephen Neely, Daniel R. Malcom, Kimberly K. Daugherty

Faculty and Student Publications

Objective. To evaluate the degree of cognitive test anxiety (CTA) present in student pharmacists at multiple pharmacy programs in the United States and to determine if there are associations between self-reported CTA and relevant academic outcomes. Methods. All 2018-2019 advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students from three US Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs (N=260) were invited to participate in the study. Participants completed a validated 37-question survey that included the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale-2 (CTAS-2) along with demographics-related questions. Responses were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal Wallace, and multiple linear regression where appropriate. Results. One hundred twenty-four students …

The Impact Of Two Longitudinal Professionalism Courses On Student Pharmacists’ Empathy, Brent N. Reed, Stuart T. Haines, Erin R. Holmes

Faculty and Student Publications

Objective. To determine whether empathy increased in first-year student pharmacists after completing longitudinal professionalism courses at two schools of pharmacy, identify potential moderators, and assess whether students’ conceptualization of empathy changed with time. Methods. Surveys to assess empathy and other variables were administered to student pharmacists at baseline and at the end of two professionalism courses. Baseline and follow-up scores were compared to detect changes over time. Multivariable analysis was used to identify predictors of empathy scores. Factor analysis was performed to ascertain changes in the dimensionality of empathy. Results. Students’ demographics and baseline empathy scores differed between the two …

Oligodendroglioma, Bala Seshank Akshit Reddy Mettu Dr, Rudresh Hiremath Dr, Vinay Raj Dr

Radiology Teaching Files

CLINICAL HISTORY:

A 39 year old male patient presented to our institute with one episode of GTCS and post-ictal headache. No other relevant history was present, no similar complaints were present in the past and no comorbidities. On examination, neurological examination was within normal limits. Blood-work up was also within normal limits.

Post Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report, Abhigna S. Moudgalya Dr, Vikram Patil Dr

Radiology Teaching Files

No abstract provided.

Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Secondary To Necrotizing Pancreatitis – A Rare Lethal Complication, Vinay Raj Dr, Divya Vishwanatha Kini Dr

Radiology Teaching Files

CLINICAL HISTORY:

A 35-year-old male patient presented with history of massive hemoptysis associated with pain abdomen and breathlessness since the past 3 days. Patient had no prior co-morbidities; however was a chronic alcoholic and smoker since the past 15 years. No hospital admissions in the past.

Structure Based Optimization Of Benzimidazole 4-Carboxamide Scaffold Led To Picomolar Poly(Adp-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Griffin J. Coate

Theses and Dissertations

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is one of several proteins in the PARP superfamily consisting of 17 proteins with a conserved ART domain. Out of the 17 total proteins, 6 show clear evidence of catalytic activity. These 6 proteins are comprised of PARP1 through PARP4 as well as TNKS1 and TNKS2. PARP1 is thoroughly characterized and has been implicated for its role in various forms of cancer. Due to the role PARP1 plays in the DNA repair pathway, targeting PARP1 for inhibition has led to two distinct anticancer strategies. The first focusing on combinatorial drug therapy with a DNA damaging anticancer …