Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Cannabichromene On Pain And Neuroinflammation In Hiv-1 Tat Transgenic Mice, Sydney Wheeler

Honors Theses

HIV-1 TransActivator of Transcription (Tat) is a vital regulatory protein involved in HIV replication and implicated in development of HIV-associated pain and neurocognitive deficits. Tat is thought to contribute to these pathologies through proinflammatory pathways. Developing mechanisms to curb Tat-mediated inflammation is a key step in improving the quality of life of those living with HIV. Both recreational and medicinal cannabis use is prevalent among many people living with HIV; given this prevalence and the perceived anti-inflammatory benefits of cannabis use, it is important to investigate how chemical constituents of cannabis may impact HIV. In the present study, the effects …

Combating Long-Term Care Isolation Through Healing Touch, Veronica J. Butts

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Loneliness is defined as feelings of disconnectedness, lack of belonging, and perceived isolation that can manifest as a physical or psychological state. In long-term care facilities, this sentiment can develop into social isolation in which residents are disconnected from family, removed from familiar environments, and suffer from various cognitive conditions that cause them to socially withdraw. Various clinical studies seek to identify the connection between isolation, loneliness, and lack of human touch with worsening health conditions and outcomes, determining that there is a correlation between this feeling of discontent. To combat this, healing touch has been a rising topic of …

Utilizing Evidence-Based Resources For Collaborative Falls Prevention, Kristyn Elise Catrine

ONU Student Research Colloquium

More than 25% of seniors will fall each year due to modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. The result is three million emergency department visits and 50 billion dollars in annual healthcare costs.1 Effective falls prevention is complex and needs collaboration from all members of the healthcare team. The best national, state and local strategies individualize patient safety from all sources of harm.2 Multifactorial interventions use health and mobility reviews to reduce the rate of falls and educate older adults.3 The CDC’s Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths and Injuries (STEADI) and ASCP/NCOA’s Falls Risk Reduction Toolkit are examples of national programs that …

Antibiotic Over Prescription For Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Amina Boudaia

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Antibiotic overuse is a major contributor to antibiotic resistance that is estimated to be responsible for 23,000 deaths annually in the United States (Durante et al., 2017; Garcia et al., 2016). Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are speculated to be a leading contributor to the overprescribing of antibiotics (Aplin-Snider et al., 2020). The purpose of this project was to address the PICOT question: Does the implementation of patient education posters and protocol plus online training modules for providers (I) over an 8-week period or 30 patient charts (T) help to decrease antibiotic overprescription (O) in upper respiratory tract infections (P) …

The Global Fatty Liver Disease-Sustainable Development Goal Country Score For 195 Countries And Territories, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Hannah Han, Henry E. Mark, Saleh A. Schattenberg, Jörn M. J., Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background & Aims:

Fatty liver disease is highly prevalent, resulting in overarching wellbeing and economic costs. Addressing it requires comprehensive and coordinated multisectoral action. We developed a fatty liver disease-Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) country score to provide insights into country-level preparedness to address fatty liver disease through a whole-of-society lens.

Approach & Results:

We developed two fatty liver disease-SDG score sets. The first included six indicators (child wasting, child overweight, non-communicable disease [NCD] mortality, universal health coverage service coverage index, health worker density, and education attainment), covering 195 countries between 1990-2017. The second included the aforementioned indicators plus an urban …

Syndeep: A Deep Learning Approach For The Prediction Of Cancer Drugs Synergy., Anna Torkamannia, Yadollah Omidi, Reza Ferdousi

HPD Articles

Drug combinations can be the prime strategy for increasing the initial treatment options in cancer therapy. However, identifying the combinations through experimental approaches is very laborious and costly. Notably, in vitro and/or in vivo examination of all the possible combinations might not be plausible. This study presented a novel computational approach to predicting synergistic drug combinations. Specifically, the deep neural network-based binary classification was utilized to develop the model. Various physicochemical, genomic, protein-protein interaction and protein-metabolite interaction information were used to predict the synergy effects of the combinations of different drugs. The performance of the constructed model was compared with …

Antibody-Drug Conjugates For Multiple Myeloma: Just The Beginning, Or The Beginning Of The End?, Upasana Ray, Robert Z Orlowski

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells that is now often treated in the newly diagnosed and relapsed and/or refractory settings with monoclonal antibodies targeting lineage-specific markers used either alone or in rationally designed combination regimens. Among these are the anti-CD38 antibodies daratumumab and isatuximab, and the anti-Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7 antibody elotuzumab, all of which are used in their unconjugated formats. Single-chain variable fragments from antibodies also form a key element of the chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted CAR T-cell products idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel, which are approved …

The Application Of Continuous Stationary Phase Gradients To High-Performance Liquid Chromatography And Its Potential To Improve Pharmacological Research, Hannah Klose

Senior Honors Theses

The separation of mixtures into different components is integral to experimentation and analysis in a multitude of fields. Chromatography is one of the most popular, well-developed, and well-studied methods used to examine the makeup of a mixture. Thus, the improvement of chromatographic procedures directly benefits research across many scientific disciplines. The application of a continuous stationary phase gradient to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods has been proposed to improve the separation of complex mixtures that are difficult to achieve with existing separation techniques. By incorporating a gradient stationary phase, analysts will create a more selective mode of separation to improve …

Utilizing Pharmacist-Led Telehealth Services In Ambulatory Patients With Heart Failure, Ivanna L. Lugo Zamora, Crystal Lloyd, Shirley Lorenzo-Castro, Carolina Mussenden, Genevieve Hale

HPD Articles

Background: Heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospital admissions. Non-adherence to medications and poor dietary management for patients who suffer from this condition can lead to worsening of symptoms and hospitalization. Pharmacist interventions via telehealth have demonstrated a beneficial impact on disease management and adherence outcomes in patients with chronic conditions. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive cohort study reviewed subjects from a single-centered primary care office. Data was collected via electronic chart review between January and December 2021. Subjects eligible for inclusion were adults who were diagnosed with heart failure by their primary care provider and referred to …

B-Cell Monoclonal Antibodies For Management Of Relapse Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Cost Effectiveness Analysis, Sarah Glover

Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which the central nervous system’s myelin sheath is degraded by auto-immune cells. Relapse remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common MS phenotype, accounting for ~85% of new diagnoses. Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) are used in RRMS to reduce the frequency of relapses and prevent disability progression. The present study performed a cost effectiveness analysis of three B-cell depleting monoclonal antibody DMTs: ocrelizumab, ofatumumab and rituximab, in comparison to commonly utilized interferon beta-1a (IFN-B1a). A Markov model was created to determine the impact of selected DMTs on the number of …

Lessons From Canada’S Notice Of Compliance With Conditions Policy For The Life-Cycle Regulation Of Drugs, Melanie Mcphail, Howard Zhang, Zohra Bhimani, Tania M. Bubela

Office of the Provost

Innovative health technologies are not well regulated under current pathways, leading regulators to adopt contextual, life-cycle regulatory models, which authorize drugs based on earlier clinical evidence subject to the conduct of post-market trials that confirm clinical benefit and safety. In this paper, we evaluate all drugs authorized in Canada under the Notice of Compliance with conditions (NOC/c) policy from 1998 to 2021 to analyze its function, identify challenges and areas for improvement, and make recommendations to inform Health Canada's regulatory reforms. We analyzed a sample of 148 drugs authorized between 1998 and 2021, including characteristics about the pre- and post-market …

A Voting-Based Machine Learning Approach For Classifying Biological And Clinical Datasets., Negar Hossein-Nezhad Daneshvar, Yosef Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh, Yadollah Omidi

HPD Articles

BACKGROUND: Different machine learning techniques have been proposed to classify a wide range of biological/clinical data. Given the practicability of these approaches accordingly, various software packages have been also designed and developed. However, the existing methods suffer from several limitations such as overfitting on a specific dataset, ignoring the feature selection concept in the preprocessing step, and losing their performance on large-size datasets. To tackle the mentioned restrictions, in this study, we introduced a machine learning framework consisting of two main steps. First, our previously suggested optimization algorithm (Trader) was extended to select a near-optimal subset of features/genes. Second, a …

Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Mesenteric Arterial Function In Male Uc Davis Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (Ucd-T2dm) Rats: A Shift In The Relative Importance Of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factors (Edrf), Md Rahatullah Razan, Said Amissi, Rifat Ara Islam, James L. Graham, Kimber L. Stanhope, Peter J. Havel, Roshanak Rahimian

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

The beneficial cardiovascular effects of exercise are well documented, however the mechanisms by which exercise improves vascular function in diabetes are not fully understood. This study investigates whether there are (1) improvements in blood pressure and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (EDV) and (2) alterations in the relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) in modulating mesenteric arterial reactivity in male UC Davis type-2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats, following an 8-week moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) intervention. EDV to acetylcholine (ACh) was measured before and after exposure to pharmacological inhibitors. Contractile responses to phenylephrine and myogenic tone were determined. The arterial expressions of endothelial nitric …

Pyrazole-Sulfonamide Scaffold Featuring Dual-Tail Strategy As Apoptosis Inducers In Colon Cancer, Amira Khalil, Reham M. M. El Hazek, Nashwa H. Zaher, Hagar E. S. Emam, Marwa G. Elgazzar

Pharmacy

Dual-tail strategy has been successfully utilized in the development of novel carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) inhibitors. Herein we adopted this approach in the design and synthesis of a series of novel pyridine sulfonamide-pyrazole hybrid scaffold mimicking dual-tail inhibitors of CA IX. A library of 15 compounds was synthesized and assessed for their potential cytotoxic effects against colorectal cancer cells. Compounds 3, and 11 induced potential cytotoxic effects against the three cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HT-29, and SW-620) with IC₅₀s’ of 45.88, 28.27, and 16.57 uM, 25.01, 8.99, and 3.27 µM, respectively. Both compounds induced cellular apoptosis …

Understanding And Mitigating Thiaminase Activity In Silver Carp, Patricia C. Wolfe, Amber M. Tuske, Donald E. Tillitt, Fred Allen, Katie A. Edwards

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

A deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), an essential cofactor for enzymes involved in metabolic processes, can be caused by the enzyme thiaminase. Thiaminase in food stocks has been linked to morbidity and mortality due to thiamine depletion in many ecologically and economically important species. Thiaminase activity has been detected in certain bacteria, plants, and fish species, including carp. The invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) presents an enormous burden to ecosystems throughout the Mississippi River watershed. Its large biomass and nutritional content offer an attractive possibility as a food source for humans, wild animals, or pets. Additionally, harvesting this fish could …

The Length Of Hospital Stay Of Patients With Venous Thromboembolism: A Cross-Sectional Study From Jordan., Haneen Amawi, Rasha M Arabyat, Sayer Al-Azzam, Toqa Alzu'bi, Hamza Tayseer U'Wais, Alaa M Hammad, Ruba Amawi, Mohammad B. Nusair

HPD Articles

Background and Objectives: Venous thromboembolism is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Treatment with anticoagulation therapy is essential and requires a delicate approach to select the most appropriate option to improve patient outcomes, including the length of hospital stay (LOS). The aim of this study was to determine the LOS among patients with acute onset of VTE in several public hospitals in Jordan. Materials and Methods: In this study, we recruited hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of VTE. We reviewed the electronic medical records and charts of VTE admitted patients in addition to a detailed …

The Effects Of A Blood–Brain Barrier Penetrating Erythropoietin In A Mouse Model Of Tauopathy, Joshua Yang, Weijun Ou, Nataraj Jagadeesan, Juste Simanauskaite, Jiahong Sun, Demi M. Castellanos, David H. Cribbs, Rachita K. Sumbria

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic neurotrophin, is a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but has limited blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. EPO fused to a chimeric transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody (cTfRMAb) enters the brain via TfR-mediated transcytosis across the BBB. We previously showed that cTfRMAb-EPO is protective in a mouse model of amyloidosis, but its effects on tauopathy are not known. Given that amyloid and tau pathology are characteristics of AD, the effects of cTfRMAb-EPO were studied in a tauopathy mouse model (PS19). Six-month-old PS19 mice were injected intraperitoneally with either saline (PS19-Saline; n = 9) or cTfRMAb-EPO (PS19-cTfRMAb-EPO, 10 mg/kg; …

Intensive Care Unit Mortality And Length Of Stay Among Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis Treated With Corticosteroids: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Eric E. Chinaeke, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Bryan L. Love Pharm. D., Joseph Magagnoli, Claiborne E. Reeder

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients worldwide, and corticosteroids are commonly used to treat it. However, the evidence supporting the use of corticosteroids in sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is of low certainty, with conflicting results reported in previous studies. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential association between corticosteroid treatment and various outcomes, including 30-day ICU mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation use, new onset of infection, and hyperglycemia in patients diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to the ICU.

Materials and Methods: We conducted …

The Polypharmacological Effects Of Cannabidiol, Jorge Castillo-Arellano, Ana Canseco-Alba, Stephen J. Cutler Ph.D., Francisco León Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in Cannabis sativa (Linneo, 1753). This naturally occurring secondary metabolite does not induce intoxication or exhibit the characteristic profile of drugs of abuse from cannabis like Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆⁹-THC) does. In contrast to ∆⁹-THC, our knowledge of the neuro-molecular mechanisms of CBD is limited, and its pharmacology, which appears to be complex, has not yet been fully elucidated. The study of the pharmacological effects of CBD has grown exponentially in recent years, making it necessary to generate frequently updated reports on this important metabolite. In this article, a …

Development, Optimization, And In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation Of Azelaic Acid Transethosomal Gel For Antidermatophyte Activity, Ali Nasr, Noha Badawi, Yasmine Tartor, Nader Sobhy, Ali Nasr

Pharmacy

Treatment of dermatophytosis is quite challenging. This work aims to investigate the antidermatophyte action of Azelaic acid (AzA) and evaluate its efficacy upon entrapment into transethosomes (TEs) and incorporation into a gel to enhance its application. Optimization of formulation variables of TEs was carried out after preparation using the thin film hydration technique. The antidermatophyte activity of AzA-TEs was first evaluated in vitro. In addition, two guinea pig infection models with Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes and Microsporum (M.) canis were established for the in vivo assessment. The optimized formula showed a mean particle size of 219.8 ± 4.7 nm and a …

Improving Resident Awareness And Documentation Of Abnormal Involuntary Movements In Psychiatric Patients On Antipsychotic Medications, Jocelyn Mccornack, Kelly Wurzel

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No abstract provided.

Treating Opioid Use Disorder: One Shot At A Time, Shelly Haferkamp, Michael P. Kinney, Daniel Yang, Lindsey Cunningham, Anna Davey, Amy G Burns

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No abstract provided.

Benzodiazepine-Minimizing Protocol For Alcohol Withdrawal: A Comparative Analysis, Jennifer Gaston, Hsin-Fang Li, Emily J Cox, Caitlin Klamper, John F Wurzel

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No abstract provided.

Improving Metabolic Monitoring During Transfers Of Care For Psychiatric Patients Discharged From The Inpatient Psychiatric Residency Service On An Antipsychotic Medication – Part 2, Allison Cohen, Anisha Boetel

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No abstract provided.

Identifying Systemic Errors In Refilling Insulin To Prevent Another Hospitalization: An Rca, John Butler, Mikayla Button, Jared Fincher, Rakin Solaiman, Michael Woodfin

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No abstract provided.

Variables Impacting Initial Drug Card Exam Pass Rates, Kyle Shapcott, Maddi Hansen

Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions Student Research Publications and Projects

Background and Purpose: Top 200 Drug Card Exams are administered in the professional program at South Dakota State University to prepare students for clinical rotations and board exams.
Methods and Materials: Analysis of several variables was performed to find their impact on initial drug card exam pass rates: first exposure to the exam content, hours spent studying for the exam, average hours worked in a week, and time worked in a pharmacy. Data for this study was collected through an optional survey provided to P1, P2, and P3 students and optional quizzes that were provided to both P1 (n=42) and …

Various Synthetic Pathways Towards Efavirenz And Its Analogs; The Replacement Of The Side Chain, Elizabeth S. Bautista

Selected Honors Theses

Cyclopropyl acetylene (CA) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Efavirenz (EFV), an antiviral drug used to treat HIV. CA is an expensive raw material, difficult to obtain, and employed in the preparation of medications to combat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It was found that the structure could be synthesized by the utilization of PCl5; however, this resulted in unwanted ring opening products. To address this issue, a one pot synthesis was developed using Ph3PCl2 as a mild chlorinating agent. In addition, a new analog has been proposed substituting the cyclopropyl …

Personalizing Prevention: Advances In Pharmacotherapy For Hiv Prevention., Marisa Brizzi, Elizabeth Sherman, Sarah B. Green, Diana N. Nowicki, Emily N. Drwiega, Melanie R. Nicol, Daniel B. Chastain, Eric G. Sahloff, William R. Truong, David Cluck, Melissa E. Badowski, Sarah M. Michienzi, Spencer H. Durham

HPD Articles

The HIV epidemic continues to pose a significant burden on the healthcare system. Although the incidence of annual new infections is decreasing, health disparities persist and most new infections remain concentrated into different racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which involves those at high risk of acquiring HIV to take chronic medications to prevent acquisition of the virus, is key to preventing new HIV infections. The purpose of this article is to review medication therapies for PrEP and examine their role in personalizing PrEP in different patient populations. Additionally, new medications currently under development for PrEP are reviewed, …

Phad 781: Applied Multivariate Analysis, John P. Bentley Ph.D.

GMAS Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Controlled Release Of Dna Binding Anticancer Drugs From Gold Nanoparticles With Near-Infrared Radiation, Gracie Fitzgerald, Daniel Low, Luc Morgan, Cole Hilt, Micai Benford, Caleb Akers, Skyler Hornback, J. Zach Hilt, Daniel Scott

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Traditional chemotherapies target rapidly developing cells in the human body resulting in harsh side effects including fatigue, immune system suppression, and nausea, among others. Delivery systems to focus the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to the diseased tissue can diminish the negative side effects while improving treatment outcomes. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) offer many unique advantages as drug delivery vehicles, including being biologically inert, easily adaptable to various shapes and sizes, able to create a strong Au-thiol bond, and able to generate heat upon the absorption of near-infrared light. To this end, a AuNP delivery vehicle was engineered to load and release …