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Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2018

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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Development Of A Determinant Scale Of Pharmacist’S Care For Herbal And Dietary Supplement Users, Mohd Shahezwan Abd Wahab Jan 2018

Development Of A Determinant Scale Of Pharmacist’S Care For Herbal And Dietary Supplement Users, Mohd Shahezwan Abd Wahab

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Objective: There is a lack of instrument that is valid and reliable to measure the determinant of pharmacist's care (PCare) for herbal and dietary supplement (HDS) users. The present study aimed to develop scales to measure the determinant of PCare for HDS users and to quantify the practices. The study utilized qualitative and quantitative approaches. Methods: Three scales were developed: Direct TPB scale based on a modified Theory of Planned Behaviour (m-TPB) framework, Indirect TPB scale based on the m-TPB and beliefs elicited from community pharmacists (CPs), and PCare-HDS scale based on findings from the qualitative study. This study involved …


Taxonomy And Secondary Metabolites Of Selected Endophytic Actinomycete Strains, Nattakorn Kuncharoen Jan 2018

Taxonomy And Secondary Metabolites Of Selected Endophytic Actinomycete Strains, Nattakorn Kuncharoen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

A total of 50 endophytic actinomycetes isolated from fourteen plant species collected from six provinces of Thailand including Bangkok, Chachoengsao, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Pathom, Prachinburi and Suphan Buri were taxonomically studied relied on their phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolates were identified as members of the family Streptomycetaceae involving Streptomyces (22 isolates), and the family Micromonosporaceae including Micromonospora (25 isolates), Plantactinospora (1 isolate) and Polymorphospora (1 isolate). Based on phenotypic characteristics, whole genome sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, 5 novel actinomycete species were proposed consisting of Micromonospora globbae (strain WPS1-2T), Micromonospora azadirachtae (strain …


Development Of In Situ Gel Containing Asiaticoside-Cyclodextrin Complex For Periodontal Tissue Regeneration, Hay Man Saung Hnin Soe Jan 2018

Development Of In Situ Gel Containing Asiaticoside-Cyclodextrin Complex For Periodontal Tissue Regeneration, Hay Man Saung Hnin Soe

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Asiaticoside (AS) is active herbal compound isolated from Centella asiatica. It has the potential benefit in promoting type I collagen (COL I) synthesis and osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. However, it has low aqueous solubility which may hamper the bioavailability. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop the thermoresponsive in situ gels containing AS by using cyclodextrin (CD). To determine the solubility enhancement of AS, phase-solubility profiles were investigated and revealed that CDs enhanced the aqueous solubility of AS. Hydroxypropyl-beta-CD (HPβCD) and sulfobutyl-ether-beta-CD (SBEβCD) were selected due to highly solubilization enhancement of AS. The mucoadhesive …


Chemical Composition And In Vitro Anticancer Activity Of Okra (Albelmoschus Esculentus) Seed Extract To Develop Into Polymeric Micelles, Watcharaphong Chaemsawang Jan 2018

Chemical Composition And In Vitro Anticancer Activity Of Okra (Albelmoschus Esculentus) Seed Extract To Develop Into Polymeric Micelles, Watcharaphong Chaemsawang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objective of this research was to study the phytochemical composition of the Okra seed extract and its in vitro anticancer activity for future pharmaceutical use. We detected active flavonoids compounds such as isoquercitrin, at an amount of 2.89 ± 1.64 % w/w. Furthermore, antioxidation testing by DPPH assay and ABTS assay, showed values of IC50 = 55.80 ug/ml and 49.04 ug/ml, respectively. The Okra seed extract’s anti-cancer activity was evaluated on cancer cell lines, indicating anticancer properties for certain forms of cancer such as cervical cancer (HeLa), liver cancer (HepG2), and most significantly for breast cancer (MCF-7). The mechanisms …


Topoisomerase I Inhibitory Compounds From The Roots Of Paphiopedilum Callosum, San Yoon Nwe Jan 2018

Topoisomerase I Inhibitory Compounds From The Roots Of Paphiopedilum Callosum, San Yoon Nwe

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb.f.) Stein belongs to the Orchidaceae family. The phytochemistry and bioactivity of this plant have not been previously reported. In this study, the chromatographic separation of methanolic extract of P. callosum roots was bioassay-guided by a yeast cell-based assay. One new compound, 3′-hydroxy-2,6,5′-trimethoxystilbene (PC1) and five known compounds including 3′-hydroxy-2,5′-dimethoxystilbene (PC2), 3-methylethergalangin (PC3), galangin (PC4), 2,3′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxystilbene (PC5) and 2,3′-dihydroxy-5′-methoxystilbene (PC6) were isolated. The chemical structures of these isolated compounds were elucidated and identified on the basis of analysis spectroscopic (ESI-MS, NMR and IR), as well as comparison with those reported in the literature. Their topoisomerase I poison activity …


Neuroprotective Effects Of The Standardized Extract Of Centella Asiatica Eca233 In Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’S Disease Model, Narudol Teerapattarakan Jan 2018

Neuroprotective Effects Of The Standardized Extract Of Centella Asiatica Eca233 In Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’S Disease Model, Narudol Teerapattarakan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The standardized extract of Centella asiatica ECa233 consists of asiaticoside and madecassoside. Previous studies reported various pharmacological effects of, ECa233, especially in the central nervous system disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects and protective mechanisms of ECa233 against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rats and in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In animal study, male Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups (n=10); control, PD, PD-ECa10, PD-ECa30, and PD-EC100. On days 1-20, control and PD rats received 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (1 mL/kg, p.o.) while ECa233 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg (p.o.) were given to PD-ECa10, PD-ECa30, and PD-EC100, respectively. …


Needs Analysis And Development Of Professional Development Program For Thai Community Pharmacists, Surangkana Puengrung Jan 2018

Needs Analysis And Development Of Professional Development Program For Thai Community Pharmacists, Surangkana Puengrung

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Primary care services, as recommended by the National Health Security Office (NHSO), are crucial for Thai community pharmacists. Training needs for the services and a professional development or training program however remained unexplored. Objectives: To analyze community pharmacists' training needs and develop professional development programs to meet their needs. Methods: A mixed-methods study with two phases was conducted during 2018-2019. Phase 1 was involved in the needs assessment using semi-structured interview with 10 key informants who were community pharmacists and stakeholders based on three levels (i.e. tasks, person, and organization) and needs confirmation with a self-administered questionnaire surveyed in …


การศึกษาเภสัชจลนศาสตร์ของสารออกซิเรสเวอราทรอลโดยใช้พิเพอรีนเป็นสารเพิ่มชีวปริมาณออกฤทธิ์ในหนูแรท, ธีรรินทร์ จันทร์แสง Jan 2018

การศึกษาเภสัชจลนศาสตร์ของสารออกซิเรสเวอราทรอลโดยใช้พิเพอรีนเป็นสารเพิ่มชีวปริมาณออกฤทธิ์ในหนูแรท, ธีรรินทร์ จันทร์แสง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

สาร Oxyresveratrol เป็นสารสำคัญในแก่นของต้นมะหาด โดยได้มีการศึกษาถึงฤทธิ์ทางเภสัชวิทยาของสาร Oxyresveratrol ในหลายด้าน แต่อย่างไรก็ตามสาร Oxyresveratrol เป็นสารที่มีค่าชีวปริมาณออกฤทธิ์ต่ำจึงเป็นอุปสรรคที่สำคัญในการนำมาพัฒนาเป็นยารับประทาน ดังนั้นจุดประสงค์ในการศึกษานี้ เพื่อศึกษาเภสัชจลนศาสตร์ของสาร Oxyresveratrol ที่เปลี่ยนไปเมื่อให้สาร Piperine เป็นสารเพิ่มชีวปริมาณออกฤทธิ์ในหนูแรท ซึ่งขนาดที่ให้แบ่งเป็นสาร Oxyresveratrol เดี่ยวขนาด 10 mg/kg หรือ สาร Oxyresveratrol ขนาด 10 mg/kg ให้ร่วมกับสาร Piperine 1 mg/kg โดยการบริหารยาทางหลอดเลือดดำ และ สาร Oxyresveratrol เดี่ยวขนาด 100 mg/kg หรือ สาร Oxyresveratrol ขนาด 100 mg/kg ให้ร่วมกับสาร Piperine 10 mg/kg โดยการบริหารยาทางปากจากนั้นเก็บตัวอย่างเลือด, อวัยวะ, ปัสสาวะ และ อุจจาระ ตามเวลาที่กำหนดนำไปวิเคราะห์ด้วยเครื่อง LC-MS/MS เพื่อวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทางเภสัชจลนศาสตร์ จากผลการศึกษาพบว่าสาร Piperine สามารถเพิ่มค่าชีวปริมาณออกฤทธิ์ของสาร Oxyresveratrol ขึ้นประมาณ 2 เท่า รวมถึงสามารถช่วยเพิ่มค่าความเข้มข้นของสาร Oxyresveratrol สูงสุดในพลาสมาโดยการบริหารทางปากและ เมื่อคำนวณอัตราส่วนปริมาณยาในอวัยวะต่อพลาสมามีค่าประมาณ 10-100 เท่า ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับค่าปริมาณการกระจายยาที่สูง ประมาณ 50 L/kg ในกระบวนการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพของสารเมื่อได้รับร่วมกับสาร Piperine มีค่า Conversion ratio ลดลงในทั้งสองรูปแบบการบริหาร โดยสรุปสาร Piperine สามารถปรับปรุงค่าทางเภสัชจลนศาสตร์ของสาร Oxyresveratrol ได้ทั้งในทั้งสองรูปแบบการบริหารยา การศึกษาทางเภสัชจลนศาสตร์นี้จึงสามารถนำมาเป็นข้อมูลในการพัฒนาสาร Oxyresveratrol เพื่อใช้ประโยชน์ต่อไปได้


ฤทธิ์ต้านมะเร็งของเอทท็อกซี่แมนโซโนนจีต่อเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านม, พิริยา ชนสุต Jan 2018

ฤทธิ์ต้านมะเร็งของเอทท็อกซี่แมนโซโนนจีต่อเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านม, พิริยา ชนสุต

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ผู้ป่วยมะเร็งเต้านมที่มีการแสดงออกของตัวรับเอสโตรเจนในระยะลุกลามร้อยละ 40 สามารถกลับเป็นมะเร็งซ้ำเนื่องจากมีการดื้อยา tamoxifen แพทย์จึงเปลี่ยนไปใช้ยาต้านฮอร์โมนกลุ่มอื่น แต่ยังเกิดการดื้อยาและมีผลข้างเคียงที่รุนแรง ดังนั้นการนำสารจากธรรมชาติมาพัฒนาเป็นยาที่มีฤทธิ์ยับยั้งการเจริญของเซลล์มะเร็งจึงเป็นแนวทางที่อาจลดปัญหาดื้อยาได้ สารสกัดจากต้นจันทน์หอม (Mansonia Gagei Drumm) ยับยั้งการเจริญของเซลล์มะเร็งได้หลายชนิด โดย mansonone G (MG) สารสำคัญที่แยกจากสารสกัดสามารถแย่งจับกับตัวรับเอสโตรเจนได้ ในการศึกษานี้จึงทำการทดสอบฤทธิ์อนุพันธ์ MG คือ Ethoxy mansonone G (EMG) สารกึ่งสังเคราะห์ในการยับยั้งการเจริญ การลุกลามและการยับยั้งการเจริญแบบไร้การยึดเกาะ พบว่าเมื่อเพิ่มความเข้มข้นและระยะเวลาในการทดสอบ EMG สามารถยับยั้งการเจริญในเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมชนิดที่ไม่ดื้อยา (MCF-7) และเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมที่ดื้อต่อยาต้านฮอร์โมน (MCF-7/LCC2, MCF-7/LCC9) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติและมีความเป็นพิษน้อยกว่ายาเคมีบำบัดในเซลล์ไฟโปรบลาสต์ และพบว่ากลไกการออกฤทธิ์ของ EMG ในการยับยั้งการเจริญของเซลล์ MCF-7 ส่วนหนึ่งผ่านการลดการแสดงออกของยีนที่เป็นเป้าหมายของตัวรับเอสโตรเจนและสาร EMG ยังสามารถลดการแสดงออกของยีนที่เกี่ยวกับการดื้อต่อยา tamoxifen ใน MCF-7/LCC2 และ MCF-7/LCC9 นอกจากนี้ EMG ยังยับยั้งการลุกลามของ MCF-7/LCC2 และ MCF-7/LCC9 โดยลดการแสดงออกของ MMP-9 และ uPA ทั้งยังสามารถลดการเจริญแบบไร้การยึดเกาะผ่านการลดจำนวน ขนาดของ colony ใน MCF-7/LCC2 และ MCF-7/LCC9 สรุปว่าสาร EMG มีคุณสมบัติในการต้านมะเร็งเต้านมชนิดไม่ดื้อยาและชนิดที่ดื้อต่อยาต้านฮอร์โมน ต้านการลุกลาม รวมไปถึงลดการเจริญแบบไร้การยึดเกาะของ MCF-7/LCC2 และ MCF-7/LCC9 ซึ่งอาจนำไปพัฒนาเป็นยาชนิดใหม่ในการรักษาผู้ป่วยมะเร็งเต้านมที่ดื้อต่อยาต้านฮอร์โมน


เภสัชจลนศาสตร์ของตำรับยาทาผิวหนัง Finasteride ในหนูแรท, สุธีรา ภูมิภักดี Jan 2018

เภสัชจลนศาสตร์ของตำรับยาทาผิวหนัง Finasteride ในหนูแรท, สุธีรา ภูมิภักดี

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ยาฟิแนสเทอไรด์ (finasteride) เป็นยาในกลุ่ม 5-alpha reductase inhibitor ใช้รักษาโรคผมร่วงทางพันธุกรรมในเพศชาย โดยยาฟิแนสเทอไรด์อาจทำให้เกิดผลข้างเคียงหลายประการได้แก่ การเสื่อมสมรรถภาพทางเพศ ปริมาณน้ำอสุจิลดลง ดังนั้นควรมีการถูกใช้ในรูปแบบยาทาหนังศีรษะเพื่อลดผลข้างเคียงดังกล่าว โดยการศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาระดับยาฟิแนสเทอไรด์ในเลือดและในชั้นผิวหนัง หลังการให้ยาความแรง 0.5% ด้วยการทาผิวหนังเพียงครั้งเดียว (single dose) และแบบทาผิวหนังหลายครั้ง (repeated dose) บนพื้นที่ 4 ตารางเซนติเมตรของหนูแรทเพศผู้สายพันธุ์ Sprage-Dawley โดยมีการเก็บพลาสมาและผิวหนังภายใน 24 ชั่วโมง หลังการทายาครั้งสุดท้ายและสกัดยาออกมาเพื่อตรวจวัดระดับยาฟิแนสเทอไรด์ด้วยเครื่อง LC-MS/MS ผลการศึกษาแสดงให้เห็นว่า ระดับยาฟิแนสเทอไรด์ในพลาสมาหลังการให้ยาด้วยการทาผิวหนังเพียงครั้งเดียวมีแนวโน้มการดูดซึมเข้ากระแสเลือดเพิ่มขึ้นตามปริมาตรยาที่ทา โดยเริ่มตรวจพบระดับยาที่เวลา 4 ชั่วโมง หลังทายาในปริมาตร 300 ไมโครลิตร เพียงครั้งเดียว แต่ไม่พบระดับยาในพลาสมาของกลุ่มที่ได้รับยาปริมาตร 75 หรือ 150 ไมโครลิตร นอกจากนี้การทายาซ้ำวันละ 1 ครั้งและทายาซ้ำวันละ 2 ครั้ง ติดต่อกัน 7 วัน ไม่มีนัยสำคัญต่อระดับยาในพลาสมา ซึ่งเห็นได้ว่ายาฟิแนสเทอไรด์ถูกดูดซึมเข้ากระแสเลือดได้น้อยหลังการให้ยาด้วยการทาผิวหนัง สำหรับอัตราส่วนระหว่างระดับยาในผิวหนังและระดับยาในพลาสมาที่เวลา 24 ชั่วโมง หลังได้รับยาทางปากเพียงครั้งเดียวมีค่าประมาณ 2.6 เท่า โดยพบอัตราส่วนระหว่างระดับยาในผิวหนังบริเวณที่ไม่สัมผัสยา (control sites) และระดับยาในพลาสมาเกินกว่า 2.6 เท่า ในหนูแรทกลุ่มที่ได้รับยาทางผิวหนังทุกกลุ่ม ทั้งนี้ค่าที่ตรวจพบระดับยาในพลาสมามีความแปรปรวนสูงมาก อย่างไรก็ตามผลการศึกษานี้แสดงให้เห็นว่า ยาฟิแนสเทอไรด์สามารถสะสมอยู่ในผิวหนังชั้นหนังแท้ (dermis) และถูกดูดซึมเข้าสู่กระแสเลือดได้น้อยหลังให้ยาด้วยการทาผิวหนัง ทั้งนี้จำนวนครั้งการทาทั้งการทาซ้ำวันละ 1 ครั้งและการทาซ้ำวันละ 2 ครั้งอาจไม่มีผลอย่างมีนัยสำคัญต่อการดูดซึมยาเข้าสู่กระแสเลือด


Preparation And Antimicrobial Activity Of Caprylic Acid Emulsion For Food Coating, Raweewan Bunyovimonnat Jan 2018

Preparation And Antimicrobial Activity Of Caprylic Acid Emulsion For Food Coating, Raweewan Bunyovimonnat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Antimicrobial food coating is the interesting method for food preservation, especially in fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have been reported that the caprylic acid had the antimicrobial activity against a variety of microorganisms. However, little research has been conducted on the use of caprylic acid in the form of food coatings. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimum conditions for the caprylic acid emulsion preparation and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the emulsion, including the effect of food coatings with caprylic acid emulsion on physical properties and microbial growth inhibition. Emulsions containing 4% w/v caprylic acid (oil) and …


Taxonomy And Secondary Metabolites Of Selected Endophytic Actinomycete Strains, Nattakorn Kuncharoen Jan 2018

Taxonomy And Secondary Metabolites Of Selected Endophytic Actinomycete Strains, Nattakorn Kuncharoen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

A total of 50 endophytic actinomycetes isolated from fourteen plant species collected from six provinces of Thailand including Bangkok, Chachoengsao, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Pathom, Prachinburi and Suphan Buri were taxonomically studied relied on their phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolates were identified as members of the family Streptomycetaceae involving Streptomyces (22 isolates), and the family Micromonosporaceae including Micromonospora (25 isolates), Plantactinospora (1 isolate) and Polymorphospora (1 isolate). Based on phenotypic characteristics, whole genome sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, 5 novel actinomycete species were proposed consisting of Micromonospora globbae (strain WPS1-2T), Micromonospora azadirachtae (strain …


Taxonomy And Secondary Metabolites Of Selected Endophytic Actinomycete Strains, Nattakorn Kuncharoen Jan 2018

Taxonomy And Secondary Metabolites Of Selected Endophytic Actinomycete Strains, Nattakorn Kuncharoen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

A total of 50 endophytic actinomycetes isolated from fourteen plant species collected from six provinces of Thailand including Bangkok, Chachoengsao, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Pathom, Prachinburi and Suphan Buri were taxonomically studied relied on their phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolates were identified as members of the family Streptomycetaceae involving Streptomyces (22 isolates), and the family Micromonosporaceae including Micromonospora (25 isolates), Plantactinospora (1 isolate) and Polymorphospora (1 isolate). Based on phenotypic characteristics, whole genome sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, 5 novel actinomycete species were proposed consisting of Micromonospora globbae (strain WPS1-2T), Micromonospora azadirachtae (strain …


Effects Of Hiv-1 Tat And Drugs Of Abuse On Antiretroviral Penetration Inside Different Cns Cell Types, Sulay H. Patel Jan 2018

Effects Of Hiv-1 Tat And Drugs Of Abuse On Antiretroviral Penetration Inside Different Cns Cell Types, Sulay H. Patel

Theses and Dissertations

Human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection can result in neurocognitive deficits in about one-half of infected individuals. Despite excellent systemic effectiveness, restricted antiretroviral penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major limitation in fighting HIV infection within the central nervous system (CNS). Drug abuse exacerbates cognitive impairment and pathologic CNS changes in HIV-infected individuals. This work investigates the effects of the HIV-1 protein, Tat, and drugs of abuse on factors affecting drug penetration into the brain.

Firstly, an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier was built to study effects of HIV-1 Tat and methamphetamine (Meth) on integrity and function of …


Anticancer Effects Of Mansonone G Derivative On Human Colorectal Cancer Cells, Savinee Chanvijit Jan 2018

Anticancer Effects Of Mansonone G Derivative On Human Colorectal Cancer Cells, Savinee Chanvijit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Mansonone G (MG), 1,2-naphthoquinone, isolated from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei Drumm (Chan-Cha-Mod), exhibited several pharmacological effects including anti-bacterial, anti-estrogenic and anti-adipogenic effects. However, anticancer activity of MG and its derivatives on colorectal cancer (CRC) has never been investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of MG and its derivatives and to determine the mechanism(s) underlying cytotoxicity of the most potent MG derivative on two CRC cell lines, HCT-116 cells carrying p53 wild-type and HT-29 cells carrying p53 mutant. In the present study, MG and its derivatives could inhibit viability of HCT-116 and HT-29 …


Pharmacokinetic Study Of Cucurbitacin B From Trichosanthes Cucumerina L. In Rats, Natthaphon Hunsakunachai Jan 2018

Pharmacokinetic Study Of Cucurbitacin B From Trichosanthes Cucumerina L. In Rats, Natthaphon Hunsakunachai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Cucurbitacin B is a triterpenoid, majorly found in Cucurbitaceae family, particularly in the Trichosanthes cucumerina L. fruits. The pharmacological properties of cucurbitacin B have been studied for decades, particularly an anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the pharmacokinetic profile of this compound is still limited and the investigation is needed for further pharmaceutical product development. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of cucurbitacin B after administering the compound at different doses and routes to the rats. Male Wistar rats, weighed approximately 400-500 g, were treated with cucurbitacin B extracted from Trichosanthes cucumerina L. The cucurbitacin B was administered at …


Association Of Genetic And Non-Genetic Factors With Clinical Responses Of Donepezil And Galantamine In Thai Patients With Dementia, Thitipon Yaowaluk Jan 2018

Association Of Genetic And Non-Genetic Factors With Clinical Responses Of Donepezil And Galantamine In Thai Patients With Dementia, Thitipon Yaowaluk

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Donepezil and galantamine are commonly prescribed for the treatment of dementia. However, the response rate of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is only 15-35 %. Inter-individual variability in donepezil and galantamine response has been associated with genetic factor in some population. Moreover, non-genetic factors such as age, gender, education level, comorbidities and drug-drug interactions can influence pharmacokinetic profiles and drug responses. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association of genetic variations that involved therapeutic effects of donepezil and galantamine including pathogenic gene; APOE, drug metabolizing genes; CYP2D6, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, transporter gene; ABCB1 and non-genetic factors with therapeutic outcomes as measured as Thai …


Pharmacy Personnel Assessments Of Workflow Associated With Medication Therapy Management Conducted During Transitions-Of-Care, Allan W. Tao Jan 2018

Pharmacy Personnel Assessments Of Workflow Associated With Medication Therapy Management Conducted During Transitions-Of-Care, Allan W. Tao

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Pharmacists are known for their expertise with medications and are the first medical professionals that many patients seek for their day-to-day concerns. The importance of understanding one’s medication and having appropriate oversight over the regimen cannot be understated. There is exists a method, known as Medication Therapy Management (MTM), with which pharmacists can ensure medication therapy safety and appropriateness via patient interview and receive reimbursement from third-party payers like insurance companies. However despite this, MTM is not a widely known service amongst eligible patients.

This study focuses on the process of MTM in UK Healthcare outpatient clinics and works to …


Exploring The Effect Of Chronic Inflammation On Response To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors In Cancer, Sherif M. El-Refai Jan 2018

Exploring The Effect Of Chronic Inflammation On Response To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors In Cancer, Sherif M. El-Refai

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Precision medicine has allowed for the development of monoclonal antibodies that unmask the anti-tumor immune response. These agents have provided some patients durable clinical benefit. However, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor therapies are effective in a small group (10-20%) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients when used as single-agent therapy. The approved companion diagnostic is expression of the immune cell surface molecule, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), on tumors measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Studies in tumor biology and immune surveillance dictate that PD-1 inhibitor efficacy should depend on the level of PD-L1 expression; however, the literature has not followed with …


Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Novel Drug Candidates To Address Drug Resistance In Tuberculosis And Fungal Diseases, Huy Ngo Jan 2018

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Novel Drug Candidates To Address Drug Resistance In Tuberculosis And Fungal Diseases, Huy Ngo

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Tuberculosis (TB) and fungal infections are two of the most lethal infectious diseases worldwide due to the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and fungal strains that can resist the most potent antimicrobial drugs currently employed. Due to the rise of these drug resistant strains, effective treatment options for these two infections are limited. This dissertation aims at exploring novel drug scaffolds to help combat drug resistance in TB and fungal infections.

TB caused by the pathogenic Mtb is, alongside with human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the deadliest infectious disease worldwide with approximately 2-3 billion people …


Efforts To Reduce Concomitant Opioid And Benzodiazepine Prescribing At The Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kaitlyn A. Staton Jan 2018

Efforts To Reduce Concomitant Opioid And Benzodiazepine Prescribing At The Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kaitlyn A. Staton

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

The United States is in the throes of an opioid epidemic. Any person who uses an opioid medication may experience an intentional or unintentional overdose. An overdose is more likely to occur when an individual ingests an opioid in combination with certain classes of medications, such as benzodiazepines or nonbenzodiazepines (Z-drugs). These medications are more likely to cause sedation and respiratory depression when taken together. Veterans, due to their unique mental and physical health challenges, are more likely to experience an overdose when they receive a combination of opioid therapy with benzodiazepine or Z-drug therapy as opposed to a single …


A Novel Acetaminophen Soft-Chew Formulation Produced Via Hot Melt Extrusion With Inline Near-Infrared Monitoring As A Process Analytical Technology Tool, Pengchong Xu Jan 2018

A Novel Acetaminophen Soft-Chew Formulation Produced Via Hot Melt Extrusion With Inline Near-Infrared Monitoring As A Process Analytical Technology Tool, Pengchong Xu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

People suffer dysphagia when swallowing hard tablets and capsules. Gelatin based soft chewable tablets was used as an alternative and novel drug delivery format to overcome dysphagia. But conventional method of producing gelatin based soft chewable tablets has many potential issues. The objective of this study is using glycerol and hot-melt extrusion technique to address potential issues and optimizing the formulation. Gelatin (15%), acetaminophen (30%), saccharin (1.5%), xylitol (6.5%), sodium chloride (2%) and six different ratios of water (45-0%) and glycerol (0-45%) were used in seven formulations. The extrusion process temperature of formulation 1-6 and formulation 7 were 90 ëšc …


Synthesis And Characterization Of Redox-Sensitive Polymer And Prodrug For Targeted Drug Delivery, Chang-Hee Whang Jan 2018

Synthesis And Characterization Of Redox-Sensitive Polymer And Prodrug For Targeted Drug Delivery, Chang-Hee Whang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Systemic administration of chemotherapeutics is associated with various side effects deriving from accumulation in off-target sites and acute toxicity of the drugs. In the past decade, engineering targeted drug delivery platforms arose as a novel paradigm to overcome such obstacles and ultimately achieve advanced forms of chemotherapy. This thesis reports successful syntheses of l-RSP, a redox-sensitive self-immolative polymer, and DNS-SN38, thiol-sensitive SN-38 prodrug, as potential candidates for targeted drug delivery platforms. By covalently conjugating a redox-trigger (p-nitrobenzyl alcohol) and self-immolative linker (p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) to the cyclization spacer (n-2-(hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine), a novel self-immolative monomer was obtained. Polymerization of the respective monomer …


Topical Formulation For Stimulating Sweat Secretion As An Alternative To Iontophoresis, Tasnim Fatima Jan 2018

Topical Formulation For Stimulating Sweat Secretion As An Alternative To Iontophoresis, Tasnim Fatima

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sweat test or pilocarpine iontophoresis test is the existing method for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis that is recommended to perform at 48 hours after birth. However, the current method is painful, with several side effects such as full thickness skin burn, skin rash, erythema etc. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a pilocarpine topical formulation which can stimulate sweat secretion when applied on skin without iontophoresis. Several formulations with Transcutol®, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), Polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200), menthol and salicylic acid (SA) each at varying concentrations were screened as penetration enhancers. In vitro penetration …


Economic Burden Of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Rcc) And Treatment Patterns, Overall Survival And Healthcare Costs Among Older Metastatic Rcc Patients, Hrishikesh P. Kale Jan 2018

Economic Burden Of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Rcc) And Treatment Patterns, Overall Survival And Healthcare Costs Among Older Metastatic Rcc Patients, Hrishikesh P. Kale

Theses and Dissertations

Background

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. Patients diagnosed with metastatic RCC (mRCC) have shorter overall survival compared to those diagnosed at earlier stages. Several targeted therapies, which cost from $7,000 - $16,000 per month have been approved since 2005 to treat mRCC. In addition, there is a growing interest in the use of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) with targeted therapies among mRCC patients. However, little is known regarding the economic burden of RCC and role of CN and prescribing patterns of targeted therapies among older mRCC patients.

Objectives

1) To assess the economic burden …


Discovery Of Natural Product Analogs Against Ethanol-Induced Cytotoxicity In Hippocampal Slice Cultures, Meredith A. Saunders-Mattingly Jan 2018

Discovery Of Natural Product Analogs Against Ethanol-Induced Cytotoxicity In Hippocampal Slice Cultures, Meredith A. Saunders-Mattingly

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

An estimated 13.9% of Americans currently meet criteria for an alcohol (ethanol; EtOH) use disorder (AUD). While there are 4 medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat AUD, these treatments have demonstrated poor clinical efficacy. Our ongoing research program encompasses a multi-tiered screening of a natural product library and validation process to provide novel information about the mechanisms underlying EtOH-induced changes in neurobiology and to identify novel chemical scaffolds to be exploited in the development of pharmacological treatments for AUD in a rodent organotypic hippocampal slice culture model. Initial screens of several natural product compounds identified …


The Role Of Cannabinoids And Terpenes In Cannabis Mediated Analgesia In Rats, Margaret A. Rousseau Jan 2018

The Role Of Cannabinoids And Terpenes In Cannabis Mediated Analgesia In Rats, Margaret A. Rousseau

Honors Theses

Objective: This research examined the contributions of terpenes (volatile oil) and cannabinoids in cannabis mediated analgesia in rats. Methods: In experiment 1, separate groups of rats received IP administration of either vehicle, 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg cannabis extract, one of three concentrations of volatile oil alone in these cannabis extracts, one of three concentrations of these extracts with volatile oils removed, 2.5, 5, or 7.5 mg/kg Δ9-THC, or 10 or 18 mg/kg morphine 30 m before hotplate and tail-flick tests of thermal nociception. One week later, separate groups of rats received a second administration of these test articles IP …


Evaluation Of New Antimalarial Drug Combinations, Robert Tyrone Higginbotham Jan 2018

Evaluation Of New Antimalarial Drug Combinations, Robert Tyrone Higginbotham

Honors Theses

Malaria is a disease that has affected people throughout the world for centuries and is still responsible for over 200 million clinical cases per year. While a number of developed countries have eradicated the disease, its prevalence in tropical regions poses a significant global health challenge. The disease is caused by the Plasmodium genus, an obligate, intracellular parasite that is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito. While there are effective antimalarial drugs in clinical use, Plasmodium's resilient nature has allowed it to develop resistance to multiple drugs. This fact makes it imperative to seek out novel drugs to combat resistant …


Method Development And Pharmacokinetic Study Of Jy08, A Dual Opioid-Npff Receptor Ligand, Sydney Harrison Jan 2018

Method Development And Pharmacokinetic Study Of Jy08, A Dual Opioid-Npff Receptor Ligand, Sydney Harrison

Honors Theses

Within the United States and worldwide, a rapidly developing public health crisis is at hand due to the abuse of opioids. With high percentages of Americans experiencing both acute and chronic pain and limited treatment routes, opioid analgesics are highly prescribed in clinical practice. These drugs act on central nervous system to activate opioid receptors in regions of the brain regulating pain and reward. However, these compounds are associated with many unwanted adverse effects including tolerance, dependence, hyperalgesia, and addiction. Thus, there is a need to for the development of new drug candidates that can serve as analgesics for long-term …


Evaluation Of Medication Risks For Falls On An Inpatient Medical/Surgical Unit, Joseph Zegar Jan 2018

Evaluation Of Medication Risks For Falls On An Inpatient Medical/Surgical Unit, Joseph Zegar

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Purpose: Patient falls during hospitalization can delay discharge and decrease quality of life. Medications are one factor that can impact fall risk. This study examines patients who fell while admitted to a cardiac surgery unit to identify which high-risk medications are most prevalent to promote patient safety.

Methods: This was a retrospective case control study. Adult patients over the age of 18 were included. Exclusion criteria included pediatric patients and those with an intentional fall event. A total of 39 falls and 78 controls were analyzed in the study. The primary outcome was a fall event during hospitalization. Other variables …