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Articles 31 - 60 of 151
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Relationships Between Psychopathy And Impulsivity In The Domain Of Self-Reported Personality Features, James Ray, Norman Poythress, John Weir, Angela Rickelm
Relationships Between Psychopathy And Impulsivity In The Domain Of Self-Reported Personality Features, James Ray, Norman Poythress, John Weir, Angela Rickelm
Norman Poythress
Impulsivity is widely accepted as a characteristic of psychopathy. However, both psychopathy and impulsivity are multi-faceted constructs, and theory suggests that primary and secondary variants of psychopathy may differ in their manifestations of impulsivity-related features. Using a sample of 92 offenders, this study used the fearless dominance (FD) and self-centered impulsivity (SCI) factors of the psychopathic personality inventory - revised (PPI-R; Lilienfeld, S.O., & Widows, M.R. (2005). Psychological assessment inventory - revised (PPI-R). Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.), respectively, as proxy indicators of primary and secondary psychopathy, and examined their relations to multiple impulsivity- related constructs. Bivariate and hierarchical regression …
Preliminary Observations From An Evaluation Of The Broward County Florida Mental Health Court, John Petrila, Norman Poythress, Annette Mcgaha, Roger Boothroyd
Preliminary Observations From An Evaluation Of The Broward County Florida Mental Health Court, John Petrila, Norman Poythress, Annette Mcgaha, Roger Boothroyd
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
Psychopathic Personality Or Personalities? Exploring Potential Variants Of Psychopathy And Their Implications For Risk Assessment, Jennifer Skeem, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Psychopathic Personality Or Personalities? Exploring Potential Variants Of Psychopathy And Their Implications For Risk Assessment, Jennifer Skeem, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Norman Poythress
Although psychopathy typically has been construed as a relatively uniform construct, seminal theories and contemporary research suggest that it may be heterogeneous. In this article, the most promising literature is distilled to distinguish among potential variants of antisocial personality disorder (APD) that can be derived from, and informed by, modern conceptions of psychopathy. This analysis suggests that there are primary and secondary variants of psychopathy, which may be distinguished based on the extent to which they are heritable and are characterized by affective deficits, impulsivity, trait anxiety, and characteristics of borderline and narcissistic personality disorders (NPD). These variants also may …
The Competence-Related Abilities Of Women Criminal Defendants, Norman Poythress, Steven Hoge, Richard Bonnie, John Monahan
The Competence-Related Abilities Of Women Criminal Defendants, Norman Poythress, Steven Hoge, Richard Bonnie, John Monahan
Norman Poythress
A new research instrument, the MacArthur Structured Assessment of Competencies of Criminal Defendants (MacSAC-CD), was administered to three groups of women defendants: those adjudicated incompetent and committed to forensic hospitals for treatment (n = 38), jail inmates receiving mental health treatment (n = 18) who had not been adjudicated incompetent, and randomly selected jail inmates (n = 50). Measures of the competence-related abilities of understanding and reasoning were found to have satisfactory indices of internal consistency (coefficient a), and all measures correlated in the expected direction with measures of global psychopathology, psychoticism, and verbal cognitive functioning. Between- group mean scores …
Effects Of State Organizational Structure And Forensic Examiner Training On Pre-Trial Competence Assessments, John Edens, Norman Poythress, Robert Nicholson, Randy Otto
Effects Of State Organizational Structure And Forensic Examiner Training On Pre-Trial Competence Assessments, John Edens, Norman Poythress, Robert Nicholson, Randy Otto
Norman Poythress
States differ widely in their delivery of pretrial forensic evaluation services, in terms of organizational structure and training requirements of forensic examiners. It was hypothesized that defendants adjudicated incompetent to proceed in states using community-based, private-practitioner systems would show less impairment on a competence assessment measure, the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Criminal Adjudication (MacCAT-CA), than defendants adjudicated incompetent in states using traditional, inpatient systems. It also was hypothesized that mean MacCAT-CA scores for incompetent defendants from states requiring forensic training/certification would be lower than for defendants from states lacking such requirements. Results indicated significant differences across the four types of service …
The Factor Structure And Convergent Validity Of The Aggression Questionnaire In An Offender Population, Tamra Williams, Jenine Boyd, Michele Cascardi, Norman Poythress
The Factor Structure And Convergent Validity Of The Aggression Questionnaire In An Offender Population, Tamra Williams, Jenine Boyd, Michele Cascardi, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
The study examined whether the 4-factor structure of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; A. H. Buss and M. Perry, see record 1993-00039-001), consisting of Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Hostility, and Anger, would replicate in an offender population. The AQ and Novaco's Anger Scale (NAS; R. Novaco, 1994) were administered to 200 adult offenders. The results of a confirmatory analysis suggested that the 4-factor model is a poor fit in an offender population. A 2-factor model was suggested: 1 factor combines Physical Aggression and Anger; the other combines Verbal Aggression and Hostility. Evidence of convergent validity of the 2-factor model was provided …
Book Review: Recent Studies In Mental Disability And Law , Norman Poythress
Book Review: Recent Studies In Mental Disability And Law , Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
Rediversion In Two Postbooking Jail Diversion Programs In Florida, Marcus Boccaccini, Annette Christy, Norman Poythress, David Kershaw
Rediversion In Two Postbooking Jail Diversion Programs In Florida, Marcus Boccaccini, Annette Christy, Norman Poythress, David Kershaw
Norman Poythress
OBJECTIVE: Patterns of rediversion in two postbooking jail diversion programs in Florida were examined to better understand the extent to which diversion programs served repeating clients. Rediversion occurs when a former or current diversion program participant is booked into jail on a new charge and diverted once again through the same diversion program. METHODS: Data from 18 months of consecutive entries into the Hillsborough County jail diversion program (N=336) and Broward County mental health court (N=800) were examined. RESULTS: Similar rediversion patterns were observed for the two diversion programs. About one-fifth of those who were diverted during the 18-month study …
Factors Differentiating Successful Versus Unsuccessful Malingerers, John Edens, Laura Guy, Randy Otto, Jacqueline Buffington, Tara Tomicic, Norman Poythress
Factors Differentiating Successful Versus Unsuccessful Malingerers, John Edens, Laura Guy, Randy Otto, Jacqueline Buffington, Tara Tomicic, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
Relatively little is known about the processes in which "successful" malingerers engage to avoid detection. This study summarizes the response strategies used by participants (N = 540) instructed to feign a specific mental disorder while completing various self-report instruments designed to detect faking. Postexperiment questionnaires indicated that those who were able to appear symptomatic while avoiding being detected as feigning (n = 60) were more likely to endorse a lower rate of legitimate symptoms, to avoid overly unusual or bizarre items, and to base their responses on their own personal experiences.
Psychometric Properties Of The Macarthur Competence Assessment Tool - Criminal Adjudication (Maccat-Ca), Randy Otto, Norman Poythress, Robert Nicholson, John Edens
Psychometric Properties Of The Macarthur Competence Assessment Tool - Criminal Adjudication (Maccat-Ca), Randy Otto, Norman Poythress, Robert Nicholson, John Edens
Norman Poythress
This article describes the development of a new clinical instrument for use in assessments of adult criminal defendants' competence to proceed to adjudication, the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Criminal Adjudication (MacCAT-CA). The MacCAT-CA was derived from a more comprehensive research instrument (MacArthur Structured Assessment of Competencies of Criminal Defendants; Hoge, Bonnie, Poythress, Monahan, & Eisenberg, 1997) on the basis of considerations efface validity for use in legal contexts, psychometric analyses, and advice from mental health experts who reviewed an earlier prototype. This article presents the results from an National Institute of Mental Healthsponsored validation study that investigated the psychometric properties of …
Criterion-Related Validity Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory In A Prison Sample, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Criterion-Related Validity Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory In A Prison Sample, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Norman Poythress
The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S. 0. Lilienfeld & B. P. Andrews, 1996), a self-report measure of psychopathic personality features, and R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL–R) were administered to adult youthful offender prison inmates (N = 50). As hypothesized, PPI scores were significantly correlated with scores on the PCL–R, providing evidence of concurrent validity for the PPI. Moreover, unlike existing self-report psychopathy measures, the PPI showed a moderate and positive correlation with PCL–R Factor 1 (i.e., the core personality traits of psychopathy). Discriminant function analysis using the optimal PPI total score value to predict PCL–R classifications of psychopath …
Reasonable Medical Certainty: Can We Meet Daubert Standards In Insanity Cases?, Norman Poythress
Reasonable Medical Certainty: Can We Meet Daubert Standards In Insanity Cases?, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
Procedural Justice In The Context Of Civil Commitment: A Critique Of Tyler's Analysis, Sumner Sydeman, Michele Cascardi, Norman Poythress, Lee Ritterband
Procedural Justice In The Context Of Civil Commitment: A Critique Of Tyler's Analysis, Sumner Sydeman, Michele Cascardi, Norman Poythress, Lee Ritterband
Norman Poythress
This article is a critique of T. R. Tyler's 1992 review of procedural justice and its effect on therapeutic outcome in patients involved in civil commitment hearings. The article clarifies critical elements of Tyler's analysis by drawing on the social cognition construct of information control and elements in the consumerism literature that may mirror and facilitate procedural justice effects. The importance of the committing psychiatrist's role during the commitment hearing is emphasized and issues unique to civil commitment respondents that might affect their susceptibility to procedural justice effects are highlighted. Further research examining the effects of judges', attorneys', and psychiatrists' …
Etiology Of Oppositional Defiant Disorder And Conduct Disorder: Biological, Familial And Environmental Factors Identified In The Development Of Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Eva Kimonis, Paul Frick
Etiology Of Oppositional Defiant Disorder And Conduct Disorder: Biological, Familial And Environmental Factors Identified In The Development Of Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Eva Kimonis, Paul Frick
Eva Kimonis
Conduct problems are associated with a large number of biological, affective, cognitive, familial, and environmental risk factors. Further, research suggests that there may be multiple developmental pathways to conduct problems, each with their own unique constellation of risk and protective factors. Attempts at disaggregating youth into more homogeneous subtypes have uncovered groups of youth that show similar risk factors and distinct developmental trajectories. This chapter will provide an overview of these major subtypes of conduct disorder (CD) and the specific risk factors associated with each subtype. Assessment and treatment implications are discussed.
Psychosocial Functioning Problems Over Time Among High Risk Youths: A Latent Class Transition Analysis, Richard Dembo, Jennifer Wareham, Norman Poythress, Kathleen Meyers
Psychosocial Functioning Problems Over Time Among High Risk Youths: A Latent Class Transition Analysis, Richard Dembo, Jennifer Wareham, Norman Poythress, Kathleen Meyers
Norman Poythress
The authors report the results of latent class analyses and latent class transition analyses of antisocial behavior risk factors among 137 youths participating in a juvenile diversion program. The study examined the youths’ latent classifications using baseline and 1-year follow-up measures of family, peer, education, and mental health risk factors. Latent class transition analyses were conducted to determine the stability and change of latent class membership across two time points. For both baseline and follow-up measures, latent class analyses suggested that two latent classes were most appropriate for characterizing the youths using the four domains of risk factors. One class …
Perceived Coercion And Procedural Justice In The Broward Mental Health Court, Norman Poythress, John Petrila, Annette Christy, Roger Boothroyd
Perceived Coercion And Procedural Justice In The Broward Mental Health Court, Norman Poythress, John Petrila, Annette Christy, Roger Boothroyd
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
The Macarthur Adjudicative Competence Study: Diagnosis, Psychopathology, And Adjudicative Competence-Related Abilities, Steven Hoge, Norman Poythress, Richard Bonnie, John Monahan
The Macarthur Adjudicative Competence Study: Diagnosis, Psychopathology, And Adjudicative Competence-Related Abilities, Steven Hoge, Norman Poythress, Richard Bonnie, John Monahan
Norman Poythress
A set of measures assessing abilities related to legal standards for competence in the adjudicative process were administered to mentally-disordered criminal defendants with diagnoses of schizophrenia, affective disorder, other psychiatric disorders, and to criminal defendants without diagnosed mental disorder. Mentally-disordered defendants were recruited from two groups: those who had been committed for restoration of competence and those who had been identified by jail personnel as mentally ill. Significant impairments in competence-related abilities were found for approximately half of the defendants with schizophrenia. Defendants with schizophrenia scored lower on measures of understanding, reasoning, and appreciation related to the adjudication process. The …
Decision-Making In Criminal Defense: An Empirical Study Of Insanity Pleas And The Impact Of Doubted Client Competence, Richard Bonnie, Norman Poythress, Steven Hoge, John Monahan
Decision-Making In Criminal Defense: An Empirical Study Of Insanity Pleas And The Impact Of Doubted Client Competence, Richard Bonnie, Norman Poythress, Steven Hoge, John Monahan
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
Lessons From The Broward County Mental Health Court Evaluation, Annette Christy, Roger Boothroyd, Norman Poythress, John Petrila
Lessons From The Broward County Mental Health Court Evaluation, Annette Christy, Roger Boothroyd, Norman Poythress, John Petrila
Norman Poythress
The creation of specialty mental health courts has emerged as a strategy to address the impact of persons with mental illness in the criminal justice system by consolidating the management of certain types of cases into a single court. This article describes an evaluation of the nation's first such court, the Broward County Mental Health Court. The purpose is to alert those who may conduct future evaluations of these types of courts to some of the contextual, logistic, and management features of our evaluation and the challenges we have encountered doing field research in this unique legal setting.
Criminal Recidivism Among Juvenile Offenders: Testing The Incremental And Predictive Validity Of Three Measures Of Psychopathic Features, Kevin Douglas, Monica Epstein, Norman Poythress
Criminal Recidivism Among Juvenile Offenders: Testing The Incremental And Predictive Validity Of Three Measures Of Psychopathic Features, Kevin Douglas, Monica Epstein, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
We studied the predictive, comparative, and incremental validity of three measures of psychopathic features (Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version [PCL:YV]; Antisocial Process Screening Device [APSD]; Childhood Psychopathy Scale [CPS]) vis-à-vis criminal recidivism among 83 delinquent youth within a truly prospective design. Bivariate and multivariate analyses (Cox proportional hazard analyses) showed that of the three measures, the CPS was most consistently related to most types of recidivism in comparison to the other measures. However, incremental validity analyses demonstrated that all of the predictive effects for the measures of psychopathic features disappeared after conceptually relevant covariates (i.e., substance use, conduct disorder, young age, …
Broward Mental Health Court: Process, Outcomes, And Service Utilization, John Petrila, Norman Poythress, Annette Mcgaha, Roger Boothroyd
Broward Mental Health Court: Process, Outcomes, And Service Utilization, John Petrila, Norman Poythress, Annette Mcgaha, Roger Boothroyd
Norman Poythress
Mental health courts are one of a variety of special jurisdiction courts that have been created in a number of countries, including the United States (Petrila, 2003). While there is no prototypical mental health court (Steadman, Davidson, & Brown, 2001; Watson, Luchins, & Hanrahan, 2001), most of those in existence today share several common characteristics. These include (a) the creation of a special docket (usually, but not always, nonviolent misdemeanants with mental illness) that is (b) handled by a particular judge, with (c) a primary goal of diverting defendants from the criminal justice system and into treatment (Goldkamp & Irons-Guynn, …
Construct Validity Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory In A Correctional Sample, Ann Marie Sandoval, Danyel Hancock, Norman Poythress, John Edens
Construct Validity Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory In A Correctional Sample, Ann Marie Sandoval, Danyel Hancock, Norman Poythress, John Edens
Norman Poythress
The relations between the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) and 4 theoretically related constructs (empathy, aggression, work ethic, and borderline personality disorder) were examined. Additionally, the relation between the PPI and heroism was explored. One hundred male inmates were administered the PPI, the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972), the Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992), the Protestant Ethic Scale (Mirels & Garrett, 1971), the Self-Report for Borderline Personality Scale (Oldham et al., 1985), and the Activity Frequency Inventory (Lilienfeld, 1998). As predicted, the PPI was significantly negatively correlated with empathy and significantly positively …
The Reported Prevalence Of Mandated Community Treatment In Two Florida Samples, Annette Christy, Roger Boothroyd, John Petrila, Norman Poythress
The Reported Prevalence Of Mandated Community Treatment In Two Florida Samples, Annette Christy, Roger Boothroyd, John Petrila, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
Questions on multiple modes of mandated community treatment (e.g. outpatient commitment, advance directive, representative payee, and special housing) were included in two studies of persons with mental illness, using a mail survey of Medicaid enrollees receiving SSI and interviews conducted as part of an evaluation of a specialty mental health court. Results indicate that the majority of individuals reported no experience with any forms of mandated community treatment. However, respondents from the two samples who had been subject to community mandates reported comparatively similar experiences. Additional studies of the prevalence of mandated community treatment are necessary to garner expanded information …
Verbal Ability And Delinquency: Testing The Moderating Role Of Psychopathic Traits, Luna Muñoz, Paul Frick, Eva Kimonis, Katherine Aucoin
Verbal Ability And Delinquency: Testing The Moderating Role Of Psychopathic Traits, Luna Muñoz, Paul Frick, Eva Kimonis, Katherine Aucoin
Eva Kimonis
Background: Impaired verbal abilities are one of the most consistent risk factors for serious antisocial and delinquent behavior. However, individuals with psychopathic traits often show serious antisocial behavior, despite showing no impairment in their verbal abilities. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine whether psychopathy moderates the relationship between verbal abilities and delinquent behavior in a sample of detained youth. Methods: The sample included 100 detained adolescent boys who were assessed on self-reported delinquent acts and psychopathic traits, as well as their age at first offense based on official records. Participants also completed a competitive computer task …
Further Evidence Of The Divergent Correlates Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory Factors: Prediction Of Institutional Misconduct Among Male Prisoners, John Edens, Norman Poythress, Scott Lilienfeld, Christopher Patrick
Further Evidence Of The Divergent Correlates Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory Factors: Prediction Of Institutional Misconduct Among Male Prisoners, John Edens, Norman Poythress, Scott Lilienfeld, Christopher Patrick
Norman Poythress
Recent evidence suggests that 2 largely orthogonal dimensions underpin the latent construct assessed by the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996): Fearless Dominance (PPI-I) and Impulsive Antisociality (PPI-II). Relatively few data exist on the correlates of these 2 dimensions in offender samples, however. The present study examines the criterion-related validity of these 2 dimensions among male prison inmates (N 131) in relation to the prediction of 3 categories of institutional maladjustment: aggressive misconduct, nonaggressive misconduct, and any misconduct. PPI-II significantly predicted each criterion type, with effect sizes of moderate magnitude, whereas PPI-I was essentially unrelated to these outcome …
Suicidal And Criminal Behavior Among Female Offenders: The Role Of Abuse And Psychopathology, Eva Kimonis, J. Skeem, John Edens, K. Douglas
Suicidal And Criminal Behavior Among Female Offenders: The Role Of Abuse And Psychopathology, Eva Kimonis, J. Skeem, John Edens, K. Douglas
Eva Kimonis
No abstract provided.
Improving Understanding Of Research Consent Disclosures Among Persons With Mental Illness, Paul Stiles, Norman Poythress, Alicia Hall, Diana Falkenbach
Improving Understanding Of Research Consent Disclosures Among Persons With Mental Illness, Paul Stiles, Norman Poythress, Alicia Hall, Diana Falkenbach
Norman Poythress
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative procedures for improving the understanding of research consent disclosures by persons who have mental illness. Methods: Three groups participated in the study: persons with schizophrenia (N=79), persons with depression (N=82), and a healthy control group (N=80). The participants were guided through an informed consent process in which two factors were manipulated. One was the structure of the disclosure form; either a typical disclosure form involving standard dense text was used, or a graphically enhanced form was used. The other was the interpersonal process: the presence or absence of a third-party …
Mental Health Courts: A Workable Proposition?, Sherine Mikhail, Akintunde Akinkunmi, Norman Poythress
Mental Health Courts: A Workable Proposition?, Sherine Mikhail, Akintunde Akinkunmi, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
In the UK the notion of diverting people suffering from mental disorders from the criminal justice system to treatment within the health service is not new (Home Office, 1990), nor is the concept of a court-based psychiatric assessment and liaison service (Joseph & Potter, 1990; James & Hamilton, 1991; Joseph, 1992). Similarly, the concept of ‘specialist’ courts is not a novelty in the USA (Bean, 1998; Schwartz & Schwartz, 1998). We report on the first specialist mental health court in the USA and propose a modification of the current provision of psychiatric services to courts in England and Wales by …
Obtaining Informed Consent For Research: A Model For Use With Participants Who Are Mentally Ill, Norman Poythress
Obtaining Informed Consent For Research: A Model For Use With Participants Who Are Mentally Ill, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
The Exploration Of Subclinical Psychopathic Subtypes And The Relationship With Types Of Aggression, Diana Falkenbach, Norman Poythress, Caysyn Creevy
The Exploration Of Subclinical Psychopathic Subtypes And The Relationship With Types Of Aggression, Diana Falkenbach, Norman Poythress, Caysyn Creevy
Norman Poythress
The psychopathy literature includes inconsistencies with regard to correlates, etiology, and treatment, suggesting heterogeneity within the construct. This paper used measures of psychopathy (the LPS primary and secondary), temperament (the BIS and BAS scales), and anxiety (STAI), in a model-basThe psychopathy literature includes inconsistencies with regard to correlates, etiology, and treatment, suggesting heterogeneity within the construct. This paper used measures of psychopathy (the LPS primary and secondary), temperament (the BIS and BAS scales), and anxiety (STAI), in a model-based cluster analysis, and identified prototypes that somewhat resembled subclinical primary and secondary psychopathy in a college population. Variants matched theory in …