Acetaminophen, A Therapeutic Or An Extremely Toxic Remedy – A Review, Genica Caragea, Oana Avram, Andreea Pauna, Andreea Cristina Costea, Miruna Tudosie

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

When a new coronavirus appeared in the late 2019, identified as the cause of several cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, Paracetamol was initially reported to be the preferable antipyretic medication, choice which was detrimental to the use of other drugs. People have resorted to buying large stocks of Paracetamol and some have used it in large doses, regardless of the consequences. However, the Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) overdose remains the leading cause of death or transplantation due to acute liver failure in many parts of the world. This review aims at presenting the pharmacokinetics, the clinical signs, and the risk factors for …

Effects Of St713 With Simultaneous Histamine H3 And Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Antagonist Properties On Cognitive Impairments And Autism-Like Behaviors In Btbr T+Tf/J Mice, Mohammed Mustafa Alawad

Theses

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by two core symptoms which are impairments in social interaction and communication, repetitive and restricted behaviors. Dopamine (DA) and histamine (HA) are two neurotransmitters that are proposed to be involved in several brain disorders including schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and narcolepsy, all of those disorders are comorbid with ASD. Thus, the palliative effects of the novel multiple-active histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist and dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R) antagonist ST-713 with its high H3R antagonist affinity and balanced inhibitory effects on both dopaminergic receptor subtypes D2R and D3R on ASD-like behaviors in …

Repeated Exposure To Chlorpyrifos Is Associated With A Dose-Dependent Chronic Neurobehavioral Deficit In Adult Rats, Ana C. R. Ribeiro, Elisa Hawkins, Fay M. Jahr, Joseph L. Mcclay, Laxmikant Deshpande

Neurology Publications

Organophosphate (OP) chemicals include commonly used pesticides and chemical warfare agents, and mechanistically they are potent inhibitors of the cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme. Epidemiological studies report long-term neuropsychiatric issues, including depression and cognitive impairments in OP-exposed individuals. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used pesticides worldwide. Multiple laboratory studies have reported on either the long-term behavioral effect of an acute high-dose CPF (30-250 mg/kg) or studied sub-chronic behavioral effects, particularly the motor and cognitive effects of repeated low-dose CPF. However, studies are lacking on chronic mood and depression-related morbidities following repeated CPF doses that would mimic occupationally relevant OP …

Occurrence, Toxicity And Adsorptive Removal Of The Chloramphenicol Antibiotic In Water: A Review, Luan Minh Nguyen, Ngoan Thi Thao Nguyen, Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen, Thuong Thi Nguyen, Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen, Thuan Van Tran

Journal Articles

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacterial antibiotic used against conjunctivitis, meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. As a consequence, chloramphenicol ends up polluting the aquatic environment, wastewater treatment plants, and hospital wastewaters, thus disrupting ecosystems and inducing microbial resistance. Here, we review the occurrence, toxicity, and removal of chloramphenicol with emphasis on adsorption techniques. We present the adsorption performance of adsorbents such as biochar, activated carbon, porous carbon, metal-organic framework, composites, zeolites, minerals, molecularly imprinted polymers, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The effect of dose, pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time is discussed. Adsorption is controlled by π-π interactions, donor-acceptor interactions, …

Formation, Antimicrobial Activity, And Biomedical Performance Of Plant-Based Nanoparticles: A Review, Ngoan Thi Thao Nguyen, Luan Minh Nguyen, Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen, Thuong Thi Nguyen, Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen, Thuan Van Tran

Journal Articles

Because many engineered nanoparticles are toxic, there is a need for methods to fabricate safe nanoparticles such as plant-based nanoparticles. Indeed, plant extracts contain flavonoids, amino acids, proteins, polysaccharides, enzymes, polyphenols, steroids, and reducing sugars that facilitate the reduction, formation, and stabilization of nanoparticles. Moreover, synthesizing nanoparticles from plant extracts is fast, safe, and cost-effective because it does not consume much energy, and non-toxic derivatives are generated. These nanoparticles have diverse and unique properties of interest for applications in many fields. Here, we review the synthesis of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles with plant extracts. These nanoparticles display antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and …

Attenuating Effect Of Vitamin E Against Silver Nano Particles Toxicity In Submandibular Salivary Glands, Mahmoud Bakr, Mahmoud Al Ankily, Sara M. Shogaa, Mohamed Shamel

Dentistry

Open AccessArticle

Attenuating Effect of Vitamin E against Silver Nano Particles Toxicity in Submandibular Salivary Glands

Comparative Metabolism Of Aflatoxin B1 In Two Quail Genera Coturnix Japonica And Callipepla Californica, Sean Moody

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Avian species are highly susceptible to the hepatotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). Domesticated turkeys are exquisitely sensitive, due to a combination of highly-efficient hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated bioactivation, and to dysfunctional alpha-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTAs) which typically detoxify the bioactivated electrophilic metabolite exo-AFB₁-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Wild turkeys are relatively resistant to AFB₁ in large part due to expression of functional GSTAs. Quail, a related Galliforme, are slightly less sensitive in vivo to AFB₁, but whether this is related to the hepatic metabolic profiles of these two critical enzymes has not been rigorously evaluated. …

Preclinical Development Of Epicertin, A Novel Biotherapeutic For The Treatment Of Ulcerative Colitis., Micaela Ann Reeves

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Epicertin (EPT) is a recombinant variant of the cholera toxin B subunit with a C-terminal KDEL endoplasmic retention motif. Previously, orally administered EPT demonstrated mucosal healing activity in acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium colitis models, indicating its therapeutic potential for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment. However, oral dosing with EPT requires neutralization of gastric acid prior to administration, hindering its facile application in the treatment of chronic diseases like UC. One solution to this issue is that EPT may also be administered intracolonically without losing efficacy. This work describes the determination of a target intracolonic dose of EPT for future …

Assessing The Role Of Arsenic Exposure And Mirna-186 In Skin Tumorigenesis And Chromosomal Instability., Angeliki Lykoudi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water is a global health issue, affecting more than 200 million people. Arsenic is a group I human carcinogen and causes chromosomal instability (CIN). Arsenic exposure is the second most cause of skin cancer after UV radiation. MiR-186 is overexpressed in arsenic-induced squamous cell carcinoma relative to premalignant hyperkeratosis. Predicted targets of miR-186 are cell cycle regulators. Thus, we hypothesize that miR-186 overexpression drives malignant transformation of HaCaT cells by induction of CIN. Stable clones of HaCaT transfected with pEP-miR-186 expression vector or empty vector were maintained under puromycin selection were exposed to 0 or …

Radioresistance In Prostate Cancer: Focus On The Interplay Between Nf-Κb And Sod, Sameera Kumar, Daret St. Clair

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Prostate cancer occurs frequently in men and can often lead to death. Many cancers, including prostate cancer, can be initiated by oxidative insult caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The superoxide dismutase family removes the oxygen-derived reactive oxygen species, and increased superoxide dismutase activity can often be protective against prostate cancer. Prostate cancer can be treated in a variety of ways, including surgery, androgen deprivation therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The clinical trajectory of prostate cancer varies from patient to patient, but more aggressive tumors often tend to be radioresistant. This is often due to the free-radical and …

Untargeted Lipidomics Of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Demonstrates Differentially Abundant Lipid Classes In Cancer Vs. Non-Cancer Tissue, Joshua M. Mitchell, Robert M. Flight, Hunter N. B. Moseley

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) represents 85% of newly diagnosed lung cancers. In this study, we utilized our untargeted assignment tool Small Molecule Isotope Resolved Formula Enumerator (SMIRFE) and ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry to examine lipid profile differences between paired cancerous and non-cancerous lung tissue samples from 86 patients with suspected stage I or IIA primary NSCLC. Correlation and co-occurrence analysis revealed significant lipid profile differences between cancer and non-cancer samples. Further analysis of machine-learned lipid categories for the differentially abundant molecular formulas identified a high abundance sterol, …

The Effects Of Environmental Copper Exposure On The Behavior And Morphology Of Developing Zebrafish, Christina Kaucic

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Toxicological Exposures In Covid-19 Patients, Alexandra M. Amaducci Do, Kim Aldy Do, Sharan L Campleman Phd, Mph, Dabt, Shao Li Mph, Alison Meyn Mph, Stephanie Abston Rn, Bsn, Meghan B Spyres Md, Paul M Wax Md, Facmt, Jeffery Brent Md, Phd

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Potentially Toxic Contaminants In Milk Powder, Magdalena Mititelu, Lucian Hîncu, Emma Adriana Ozon, Daniela Luiza Baconi, Ioana Paunica, Oana Denisa Bălălău

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The aim of this study was to identify potentially toxic contaminants in milk powder. Powdered milk contains a range of toxic and non-toxic substances that are present in a wide variety, also having very different origins. A number of seven milk powder samples from different producers sold on the Romanian market were analyzed, the samples that were collected from the original packaging: P1, P 2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7. The concentration of the following elements was analyzed using the X-ray (XRF) fluorescence method: potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and aluminum (Al). The vast majority of …

Mental Health Or Cardiac Health. Is There A Reason To Choose? Cardiac Arrhythmias Induced By Atomoxetine And Methylphenidate, Gabriel Cismaru, Viorel Lupu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The current treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity consists mainly in the administration of Straterra (Atomoxetine) Concerta and Ritalin (Methylphenidate). The FDA warned that the products might increase systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and lead to ventricular arrhythmias. Arrhythmic events and sudden cardiac death were described in adults with preexistent heart disease. However, studies on children have failed to demonstrate a clear association between the arrhythmic events and these drugs, as demonstrated in adults. What should the attitude of the pediatric psychiatrist be towards the administration of these products? What examination should be made by the psychiatrist …

Epc-Exs Improve Neuronal Survival And Oxidative Stress Through Different Uptaking Pathways In Diabetic Hypoxia Condition, Manasi Suchit Halurkar, Jinju Wang, Shuzhen Chen, Ji Chen Bihl

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

Background: Hyperglycemia contributes to cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. We confirmed that high glucose (HG) induces endothelial dysfunction and cerebral ischemic injury is enlarged in diabetic mice. Stem cell-released exosomes have been shown to protect the brain from ischemic stroke. We have previously shown that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-released exosomes (EPC-EXs) can protect endothial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and HG-induced injury. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of EPC-EXs on astrocytes under H/R and HG-induced injury and whether miR-126 enriched EPC-EXs (EPC-EXsmiR126) have enhanced efficacy. Methods: EPC-EX uptake and co-localization were measured by fluorescent microscopy using …

Cellular Origins Of Egfr-Driven Lung Cancer Cells Determine Sensitivity To Therapy, Fan Chen, Jinpeng Liu, Robert M. Flight, Kassandra J. Naughton, Alexsandr Lukyanchuk, Abigail R Edgin, Xiulong Song, Haikuo Zhang, Kwok-Kin Wong, Hunter N. B. Moseley, Chi Wang, Christine F. Brainson

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is one of the major precision medicine treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma. Due to common development of drug resistance to first- and second-generation TKIs, third-generation inhibitors, including osimertinib and rociletinib, have been developed. A model of EGFR-driven lung cancer and a method to develop tumors of distinct epigenetic states through 3D organotypic cultures are described here. It is discovered that activation of the EGFR T790M/L858R mutation in lung epithelial cells can drive lung cancers with alveolar or bronchiolar features, which can originate from alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells …

Rorα Suppresses Cancer-Associated Inflammation By Repressing Respiratory Complex I-Dependent Ros Generation, Wei Mao, Gaofeng Xiong, Yuanyuan Wu, Chi Wang, Daret St. Clair, Jai-Da Li, Ren Xu

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Breast cancer development is associated with macrophage infiltration and differentiation in the tumor microenvironment. Our previous study highlights the crucial function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in enhancing macrophage infiltration during the disruption of mammary tissue polarity. However, the regulation of ROS and ROS-associated macrophage infiltration in breast cancer has not been fully determined. Previous studies identified retinoid orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) as a potential tumor suppressor in human breast cancer. In the present study, we showed that retinoid orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) significantly decreased ROS levels and inhibited ROS-mediated cytokine expression in breast cancer cells. RORα expression …

Urinary Bile Acid Indices As Prognostic Biomarkers For The Complications Of Liver Diseases, Wenkuan Li

Theses & Dissertations

Hepatobilary diseases cause the accumulation of toxic bile acids (BA) in the liver, blood, and other tissues, which may lead to an unfavorable prognosis. In this study, we compared the urinary BA profile in 257 patients with hepatobilary diseases during a 7-year follow-up period. We investigated the use of the urinary BA profile to develop logistic regression models to predict the prognosis of hepatobiliary diseases in terms of developing disease-related complications, especially for ascites. The urinary BA profile was characterized by calculating BA indices, which quantify the composition, metabolism, hydrophilicity, and toxicity of the BA profile. All patients had high …

Investigation Of Postmortem Methamphetamine Cases Submitted To The New York City Office Of Chief Medical Examiner, Isaiah Jewell

Student Theses

Methamphetamine (N-methylamphetamine) is a central nervous system stimulant (CNS) and sympathomimetic drug with a high addiction potential. In the United States, there has been a significant increase in the presence of methamphetamine in recent years, specifically in the Northeastern region of the country. The New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner (NYC-OCME) postmortem methamphetamine casework from 2018 and 2019 was analyzed and revealed that the presence of the drug increased drastically within a span of one year, jumping from 65 cases in 2018 to 99 cases in 2019. Males were overwhelmingly responsible for much of the casework, taking up …

Decreased Kidney Mitochondrial Content And Pgc-1Α Following Repeated Low-Dose Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury., Andrew Joseph Orwick

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cisplatin is highly effective and one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of a number of different solid organ tumors. Unfortunately, the dose-limiting nephrotoxicity occurs in up to 30% of patients, which requires alterations to treatment regimens that are often less effective. The kidney’s function is to provide fluid homeostasis, and this is an energy-intensive process. Proper renal function is dependent on functional mitochondria. PGC-1α regulates mitochondrial number, respiratory capacity, and mitochondrial proteins in proximal tubule cells. We delivered low-dose cisplatin to mice via intraperitoneal injections once a week for 4 weeks. The mice were then …

Baricitinib In The Treatment Of A Critical Patient With Covid-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report, Nishant Patel, Dylan Goldsmith, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

A 72-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of diarrhea after having tested positive for COVID-19 two days prior. He initially had minimal respiratory complaints, but was eventually transferred to the intensive care unit for acute hypoxic respiratory failure. In addition to dexamethasone, remdesivir, and antibiotics, the patient was treated with baricitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor that was recently granted emergency use authorization by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. He had an extensive and complicated hospital course and had to be placed on mechanical ventilation, ultimately undergoing tracheostomy. After …

Association Of Nonacute Opioid Use And Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review Of The Literature, Jade H. Singleton, Erin L. Abner, Peter D. Akpunonu, Anna M. Kucharska-Newton

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND

In this scoping review, we identified and reviewed 23 original articles from the PubMed database that investigated the relationship between nonacute opioid use (NOU) and cardiovascular outcomes.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We defined NOU to include both long-term opioid therapy and opioid use disorder. We summarized the association between NOU and 5 classes of cardiovascular disease, including infective endocarditis, coronary heart disease (including myocardial infarction), congestive heart failure, cardiac arrythmia (including cardiac arrest), and stroke. The most commonly studied outcomes were coronary heart disease and infective endocarditis. There was generally consistent evidence of a positive association between community prevalence of …

Co-Targeting Plk1 And Dnmt3a In Advanced Prostate Cancer, Zhuangzhuang Zhang, Lijun Cheng, Qiongsi Zhang, Yifan Kong, Daheng He, Kunyu Li, Matthew Rea, Jianlin Wang, Ruixin Wang, Jinghui Liu, Zhiguo Li, Chongli Yuan, Enze Liu, Yvonne N. Fondufe-Mittendorf, Lang Li, Tao Han, Chi Wang, Xiaoqi Liu

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Because there is no effective treatment for late-stage prostate cancer (PCa) at this moment, identifying novel targets for therapy of advanced PCa is urgently needed. A new network-based systems biology approach, XDeath, is developed to detect crosstalk of signaling pathways associated with PCa progression. This unique integrated network merges gene causal regulation networks and protein-protein interactions to identify novel co-targets for PCa treatment. The results show that polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3a)-related signaling pathways are robustly enhanced during PCa progression and together they regulate autophagy as a common death mode. Mechanistically, it is shown that Plk1 …

Pi3k/Mtor Dual Inhibitor Pf-04691502 Is A Schedule-Dependent Radiosensitizer For Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors, Zeta Chow, Jeremy Johnson, Aman Chauhan, Tadahide Izumi, Michael Cavnar, Heidi L. Weiss, Courtney M. Townsend Jr., Lowell B. Anthony, Carrigan Wasilchenko, Matthew L. Melton, Jörg Schrader, B. Mark Evers, Piotr G. Rychahou

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Patients with advanced-stage gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) have a poor overall prognosis despite chemotherapy and radiotherapy (e.g., peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)). Better treatment options are needed to improve disease regression and patient survival. The purpose of this study was to examine a new treatment strategy by combining PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition and radiotherapy. First, we assessed the efficacy of two PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors, PF-04691502 and PKI-402, to inhibit pAkt and increase apoptosis in NET cell lines (BON and QGP-1) and patient-derived tumor spheroids as single agents or combined with radiotherapy (XRT). Treatment with PF-04691502 decreased pAkt (Ser473) expression for up …

A Case Of Cocaine Toxicity From Body Stuffing, Justin Smith, James Lee, Alan Lucerna, James Espinosa

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Body stuffing refers to the ingestion of an illegal substance in an effort to conceal it and avoid prosecution. This is distinct from, and more common than, the practice of body packing in which large amounts of an illegal substance are carefully packaged and ingested to be transported discreetly by smugglers [1]. While body packers tend to ingest much larger quantities of a drug, they are less prone to developing symptoms of drug toxicity due to the meticulous packaging methods used when compared with those who ingest packets of drugs in haste to avoid prosecution [2]. Many substances have been …

Magnitude Based Inference, Sharlo Bayless, Trevor J. Bihl

Medical Student Research Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Though its use is widespread in research, null hypothesis significance testing is not without flaws. Out of a desire to provide a more practical approach to solving statistical problems in certain fields, Magnitude Based Inference (MBI) was created. MBI is a statistical method that was developed by Will G Hopkins and Alan M Batterham, two researchers in Sports and Exercise Science, in 2009.The main issues that they wanted to address with null hypothesis significance testing (NHST),were: 1) the need for a large sample size,2) the confusing language, and 3) the arbitrary selection of a p value of 0.05 in testing …

Uvb-Induced Microvesicle Particle Release In Human Skin In Vivo Is Diminished Following Oral Vitamin C And E Antioxidant Administration, Benjamin Schmeusser, Cameron Mcglone, Jeffrey B. Travers

Medical Student Research Symposium Abstracts and Posters

An important question in photobiology asks how Ultraviolet B (UVB, 290 – 320 nm) radiation, which mostly absorbs in the outer epidermis of skin, can generate a systemic response such as immunosuppression. Previous in vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrate UVB-dependent release of bioactive molecule-containing microvesicle particles (MVPs) from keratinocytes. Furthermore, MVP release is diminished upon antioxidant administration. The purpose of this study is to examine UVB-induced MVP release and antioxidant response in vivo. In this IRB-approved study, 8 male participants with Fitzpatrick type I or II skin were treated with 1000 J/m2 UVB irradiation to a 5 by 5 …

Triamcinolone With Vitamin D Synergistic Efficacy In Psoriasis, Steven Repas, Jeffrey B. Travers

Medical Student Research Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Psoriasis is one of the most common skin conditions in the United States affecting more than 8 million people. High amounts of vitamin D has been shown to be effective in treatment of psoriasis. It also has a well-documented safety profile at the doses and duration that will be used during this study. Triamcinolone and other topical corticosteroids are considered a first line treatment for mild to moderate psoriasis with a well-documented safety profile. Individually both of these medications have shown effectiveness in the management and treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis. This study is designed to test whether a …

Alcohol Consumption And Cognitive Aging: Can It Be Beneficial?, Margarita Velikova, Bistra Galunska, Raya Dimitrova, Zlatislav Stoyanov

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

We present a literature review which summarizes the data supporting one of the alternative perspectives on the effect of alcohol consumption on cognitive aging – the possible positive effect of low to moderate drinking. Some of the main theories about aging, the mechanisms of brain aging, and the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and dementia are briefly described. In this context, the putative mechanisms of the protective action of non-alcoholic components in alcoholic beverages or low doses of ethanol against oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, brain insulin resistance, and production of amyloid-β peptides are presented. The review article does not favor …