Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Care Patterns And Outcomes For Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes In Nevada, Jay J. Shen

Nevada Journal of Public Health

This study demonstrates substantial differences between Nevada and the national average in patterns of hospital based care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients in Nevada are more likely to be hospitalized through the emergency department, and more likely to be admitted for a condition related to diabetes. Moreover, in Nevada, Medicaid and uninsured patients with diabetes are more likely to experience adverse outcomes then their privately insured counterparts. These differences may be primarily reflective of variances in access to ambulatory care, care seeking behavior, and availability of health services and facilities. Policies promoting expansion of health care benefits …

Clomiphene, Metformin, Or Both For Infertility In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Richard S. Legro, Huiman X. Barnhart, William D. Schlaff, Bruce R. Carr, Michael P. Diamond, Sandra A. Carson, Michael P. Steinkampf, Christos Coutifaris, Peter G. Mcgovern, Nicholas A. Cataldo, Gabriella G. Gosman, John E. Nestler, Linda C. Guidice, Phyllis C. Leppert, Evan R. Myers M.P.H.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Publications

Background

The polycystic ovary syndrome is a common cause of infertility. Clomiphene and insulin sensitizers are used alone and in combination to induce ovulation, but it is unknown whether one approach is superior. Methods We randomly assigned 626 infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome to receive clomiphene citrate plus placebo, extended-release metformin plus placebo, or a combination of metformin and clomiphene for up to 6 months. Medication was discontinued when pregnancy was confirmed, and subjects were followed until delivery.

Results

The live-birth rate was 22.5% (47 of 209 subjects) in the clomiphene group, 7.2% (15 of 208) in the …

Department Of Radiology-Annual Executive Summary Report-July 1, 2006 To June 30, 2007, Vijay M. Rao M.D.

Department of Radiology Administrative Documents and Reports

91 page Department of Radiology Annual Executive Summary Report, July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Management Of Anthracycline Extravasation Injuries, David J. Reeves

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence for the management of anthracycline extravasation and determine the optimal treatment of such injuries.

DATA SOURCES: A search of MEDLINE (1966–February 2007) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–February 2007) was performed using the search terms anthracyclines and extravasation.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Extravasation of anthracyclines can have devastating effects. After infiltration of these drugs into the interstitial tissue, damage may range from mild erythema and pain to severe tissue necrosis. Many agents have been studied in the management of these injuries; however, few have demonstrated efficacy and treatment remains controversial. Nonpharmacologic modalities shown to limit extravasation injuries include …

Masters Of Public Health 2007, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Responses To Culture Medium Osmolarity Include Increased Expression Of Ccm2 And P38 Mapk Activation., Barry Fong, Patricia H Watson, Andrew J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

BACKGROUND: Mechanisms that confer an ability to respond positively to environmental osmolarity are fundamental to ensuring embryo survival during the preimplantation period. Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) occurs following exposure to hyperosmotic treatment. Recently, a novel scaffolding protein called Osmosensing Scaffold for MEKK3 (OSM) was linked to p38 MAPK activation in response to sorbitol-induced hypertonicity. The human ortholog of OSM is cerebral cavernous malformation 2 (CCM2). The present study was conducted to investigate whether CCM2 is expressed during mouse preimplantation development and to determine whether this scaffolding protein is associated with p38 MAPK activation following exposure of preimplantation …

Post-Operative Extended Volume External Beam Radiation Therapy Is Safe For High Risk Esophageal Cancer Patients, Edward Yu, Patricia Tai, Jawaid Younus, Richard Malthaner, Larry Stitt, Pauline Truong, George Rodrigues, Robert Ash, Rashid Dar, Anna Tomiak, Mark Vincent, Walter Kocha, Brian Dingle, Richard Inculet

Oncology Presentations

Post-operative radiation therapy (RT) (1) and post-operative chemoradiation (2) have been used for esophageal cancer patients deemed high risk for recurrence after esophagectomy.

Defining opitmal RT target volume after esophagectomy is difficult due to significant changes in patient anatomy and function.

Some radiationon cologists advocated the inclusion of the anastomotic site within the irradiation volume due to concerns for potential increased relapse risk, while others did not subscribe to this practice due to concerns for increased treatment related toxicity.

We have previously reported patient outcome benefit using extended volume RT In management with high risk esophageal cancer patients underwent esopagectomy(3). …

Uwomj Volume 76, No. 1, Western University

University of Western Ontario Medical Journal

Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry

Esophageal Cancer, Edward Yu

Oncology Publications

No abstract provided.

Cholecystectomy Deferral In Patients With Endoscopic Sphincterotomy, Vivian Mcalister, Eric Davenport, Elizabeth Renouf

Surgery Publications

BACKGROUND: Cholecystectomy is not required in up to 64% of patients who adopt a wait-and-see policy after endoscopic clearance of common bile duct stones. Although reports of retrospective cohort series have shown a higher mortality among patients who defer cholecystectomy, it is not known if this is due to the patients' premorbid health status or due to the deferral of cholecystectomy. Randomised clinical trials of prophylactic cholecystectomy versus wait-and-see have not had sufficient power to demonstrate differences in survival.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the beneficial and harmful effects of cholecystectomy deferral (wait-and-see) versus elective (prophylactic) cholecystectomy in patients who have had …

Children's Mercy Hospital Annual Report 2006, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

The Use Of Telehealth For Diabetes Management: A Qualitative Study Of Telehealth Provider Perceptions, Faith P. Hopp, Mary M. Hogan, Peter A. Woodbridge, Julie C. Lowery

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Monitoring and Messaging Devices (MMDs) are telehealth systems used by patients in their homes, and are designed to promote patient self-management, patient education, and clinical monitoring and follow-up activities. Although these systems have been widely promoted by health care systems, including the Veterans Health Administration, very little information is available on factors that facilitate use of the MMD system, or on barriers to use.

Methods

We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with clinicians using MMD-based telehealth programs at two Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in the Midwestern United States.

Results

Findings suggest that MMD program enrollment is limited by both …

Inhibition Of Proteasome Activity By The Dietary Flavonoid Apigenin Is Associated With Growth Inhibition In Cultured Breast Cancer Cells And Xenografts, Di Chen, Kristin R. Landis-Piwowar, Marina S. Chen, Q Ping Dou

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Introduction

Proteasome inhibition is an attractive approach to anticancer therapy and may have relevancy in breast cancer treatment. Natural products, such as dietary flavonoids, have been suggested as natural proteasome inhibitors with potential use for cancer prevention and therapeutics. We previously reported that apigenin, a flavonoid widely distributed in many fruits and vegetables, can inhibit proteasome activity and can induce apoptosis in cultured leukemia Jurkat T cells. Whether apigenin has proteasome-inhibitory activity in the highly metastatic human breast MDA-MB-231 cells and xenografts, however, is unknown.

Methods

MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell cultures and xenografts were treated with apigenin, followed by …

Effects Of Curcumin On Retinal Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Diabetes, Renu A. Kowluru, Mamta Kanwar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in diabetes. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of curcumin, a polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina of rats.

Methods

A group of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received powdered diet supplemented with 0.05% curcumin (w/w), and another group received diet without curcumin. The diets were initiated soon after induction of diabetes, and the rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after induction of diabetes. The retina was used to quantify oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers.

Results

Antioxidant …

Paradoxical Antiproliferative Effect By A Murine Mammary Tumor-Derived Epithelial Cell Line, Esteban N. Gurzov, Sanaa M. Nabha, Hamilto Yamamoto, Hong Meng, O Graciela Scharovsky, R Daniel Bonfil

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Despite significant advancement in breast cancer therapy, there is a great need for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in breast carcinogenesis and progression, as well as of the role of epigenetic contributions from stromal cells in mammary tumorigenesis. In this study, we isolated and characterized murine mammary tumor-derived epithelial and myofibroblast cell lines, and investigated the in vitro and in vivo effect of cellular soluble factors produced by the epithelial cell line on tumor cells.

Methods

Morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity of epithelial (LM-234ep) and myofibroblast (LM-234mf) cell lines isolated from two murine mammary adenocarcinomas …

Progression Of Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Inhibited By Genistein And Radiation In An Orthotopic Model, Gilda G. Hillman, Yu Wang, Mingxin Che, Julian J. Raffoul, Mark Yudelev, Omer Kucuk, Fazlul H. Sarkar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

We have previously reported the potentiation of radiotherapy by the soy isoflavone genistein for prostate cancer using prostate tumor cells in vitro and orthotopic prostate tumor models in vivo. However, when genistein was used as single therapy in animal models, it promoted metastasis to regional para-aortic lymph nodes. To clarify whether these intriguing adverse effects of genistein are intrinsic to the orthotopic prostate tumor model, or these results could also be recapitulated in another model, we used the orthotopic metastatic KCI-18 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) model established in our laboratory.

Methods

The KCI-18 RCC cell line was generated …

Poxviral B1 Kinase Overcomes Barrier To Autointegration Factor, A Host Defense Against Virus Replication, Matthew S. Wiebe, Paula Traktman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Barrier to autointegration factor (BAF) is a DNA-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions to establish nuclear architecture during mito-sis. Herein, we demonstrate a cytoplasmic role for BAF in host defense during poxviral infections. Vaccinia is the prototypic poxvirus, a family of DNA viruses that replicate ex-clusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Mutations in the vaccinia B1 kinase (B1) com-promise viral DNA replication, but the mechanism by which B1 achieves this has remained elusive. We now show that BAF acts as a potent inhibitor of poxvirus replication unless its DNA-binding activity is blocked …

Research Annual Report 2006, Children's Mercy Hospital

Research Annual Reports

Annual report of the research at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Non-Cardiac Surgery In Patients With Prosthetic Heart Valves: A 12 Years Experience, Raja Parvez Akhtar, Abdul Rehman Abid, Hasnain Zafar, Syed Javed Raza Gardezi, Abdul Waheed, Jawad Sajid Khan

Section of General Surgery

Objective: To study patients with mechanical heart valves undergoing non-cardiac surgery and their anticoagulation management during these procedures.
Study Design: It was a cohort study.
Place and Duration of Study : The study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore and Department of Surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, from September 1994 to June 2006.
Patients and Methods: Patients with mechanical heart valves undergoing non-cardiac surgical operation during this period, were included. Their anticoagulation was monitored and anticoagulation related complications were recorded.
Results: In this study, 507 consecutive patients with a mechanical …

Three Pregnancies With Mechanical Heart Valve And No Follow-Up In 10 Years, Raja Parvez Akhtar, Abdul Rehman Abid, Hasnain Zafar

Section of General Surgery

Anticoagulation and proper INR (International Normalized Ratio) monitoring is essential for patients having mechanical heart valves; it is vital in these patients in order to prevent lethal complications such as valve thrombosis and systemic embolism. In pregnancy, it becomes even more important as pregnancy itself is a hypercoagulable state. This report describes a female patient having undergone mitral valve replacement with a Starr Edward metallic prosthesis. She came back to the operating surgeon after 10 years of valve replacement with a history of three uneventful healthy deliveries and no follow-up and INR monitoring during this period.

Spectrum Of Intracranial Pathology: Tumors Versus Infections At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Muhib Alam Khan, Sukaina Aijazali Panju, Ather Enam

Section of Neurosurgery

Introduction: Aga Khan University Hospital Neurosurgery Department has evolved into a high-volume centre for treatment of neurosurgical diseases. We aimed to compare the relative outcomes of intracranial tumors and CNS infections seen at our facility.
Methods: Hospital records of patients admitted under the neurosurgery service between 1994-2003 were evaluated. Cases with a principal diagnosis of an intracranial lesion were identified for further study. Demographic, clinical,and surgical variables were extracted from the medical record. Length of hospital stay, ICU utilization, and in-hospital mortality were the primary outcome indicators. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and comparisons of meansand proportions. …

Awareness About Reproductive Health And Rights Among Students Of A Public University In Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study, Naheed Nabi, Waris Qidwai, Farhat Batool,, Iqbal Azam

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of Karachi University students about reproductive health and rights.
Design: Cross sectional study Methods: A survey was conducted from February to May 2005 to determine the understanding and knowledge related to reproductive health and rights among the students of the department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan. A pre-coded questionnaire was developed and pre-tested. The questionnaire was introduced to those students, who agreed to participate in the study. Data collected was double entered and analyzed on SPSS and Epi-info latest version.
Results: Fifty five percent (55%) of participants believed …

Reducing Lung Disease In Cystic Fibrosis: Model Systems And Anti-Inflammatory Treatment, Scotty Mcglothlin Buff

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians resulting in a median life span of approximately 35 years, is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The primary cause of morbidity and mortality is respiratory failure caused by progressive obstructive lung disease. CF airway disease is characterized by the abundance of pro inflammatory cells, chemokines and cytokines with a deficiency of regulatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (lL10). We hypothesized that CF airway obstruction originates from excessive inflammation and gene transfer of IL-I0 would decrease inflammation in the airways of mice infected with Pseudomonas …

Long-Distance Three-Color Neuronal Tracing In Fixed Tissue Using Neurovue Dyes, Heather Jensen Smith, Brian Gray, Katharine Muirhead, Betsy Ohlsson-Wilhelm, Bernd Fritzsch

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Dissecting development of neuronal connections is critical for understanding neuronal function in both normal and diseased states. Charting the development of the multitude of connections is a monumental task, since a given neuron typically receives hundreds of convergent inputs from other neurons and provides divergent outputs for hundreds of other neurons. Although progress is being made utilizing various mutants and/or genetic constructs expressing fluorescent proteins like GFP, substantial work remains before a database documenting the development and final location of the neuronal pathways in an adult animal is completed. The vast majority of developing neurons cannot be specifically labeled with …

Neurosurgeons And Electrocautery, S. Ather Enam

Section of Neurosurgery

Abstract are not provided by the author/publisher

Psychiatric Rating Scales In Urdu: A Systematic Review, Syed Ahmer, Rafey A. Faruqui, Anita Aijaz

Department of Psychiatry

Background: Researchers setting out to conduct research employing questionnaires in non-English speaking populations need instruments that have been validated in the indigenous languages. In this study we have tried to review the literature on the status of cross-cultural and/or criterion validity of all the questionnaires measuring psychiatric symptoms available in Urdu language.Methods: A search of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and http://www.pakmedinet.com was conducted using the search terms; Urdu psychiatric rating scale, and Urdu and Psychiatry. References of retrieved articles were searched. Only studies describing either cross-cultural or criterion validation of a questionnaire in Urdu measuring psychiatric symptoms were included.Results: Thirty two …

Mapping Exercise Of Mental Health Research And Researchers In Pakistan, Haider A. Naqvi, Murad M. Khan

Department of Psychiatry

Objective: To systematically identify mental health research and researchers in Pakistan. Subsidiary objectives were to identify methodologies of studies published in the indexed journals along with their country wide mean impact factor.
Methods: A systematic search strategy using key words related to neuropsychiatry was carried out to identify various studies published in Indexed and Non-indexed databases.
Results: We identified 108 studies from Indexed data bases (77.8% Medline; 22.2% PsychInfo). Beside these, 51 studies were also identified from non-indexed databases. Among the indexed articles, 97 (89.8%) were Journal articles while 10 were other type of documents--there were 3 clinical trials of …

Primary Care Research: Opportunities And Challenges, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Status Of Childhood Lead Poisoning And Prevention In Nevada, Usa, Anne Rothweiler, Elena E. Cabb, Shawn Gerstenberger

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

One of the first steps in addressing the problem of childhood lead poisoning is to identify the possible sources of exposure in specific communities and target high-risk populations with appropriate interventions. Due to several factors, such as lack of funding and lack of blood lead reporting, little information exists regarding the occurrence of childhood lead poisoning and the prevalence of potential exposure sources in the state of Nevada. Following the recent establishment of a Nevada-based Lead Poisoning Program, we compiled the most current information available on Nevadans, and use this knowledge to suggest future research objectives and outreach activities for …

Chest Radiographs In Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Shahid Javed Husain, Muhammad Irfan, Kulsoom Fatima, Muhammad Atif Zubairi, Muhammad Islam

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious clinical entity carrying significant morbidity and mortality. Clinically, it is a difficult condition to diagnose and remains under treated condition in Pakistan due to non-availability of objective tests and lack of awareness among physicians.This study was conducted to determine the chest radiographic presentation in known cases of acute PE presenting to a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: Hospital records of patients with a diagnosis of acute PE were reviewed from June 2000 until June 2004. Fifty diagnosed cases of acute PE on Spiral Computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrating an intraluminal-filling defect were …