Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Extending The Window For Thrombolysis In Acute Stroke., Muhammad Faisal Wadiwala,, Ayeesha Kamran Kamal

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Low Levels Of Β-Lactam Antibiotics Induce Extracellular Dna Release And Biofilm Formation In Staphylococcus Aureus., Jeffrey B. Kaplan, Era A. Izano, Prerna Gopal, Michael T. Karwacki, Sangho Kim, Jeffrey L. Bose, Kenneth W. Bayles, Alexander R. Horswill

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

UNLABELLED: Subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics have been shown to induce bacterial biofilm formation. Few studies have investigated antibiotic-induced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus, an important human pathogen. Our goal was to measure S. aureus biofilm formation in the presence of low levels of β-lactam antibiotics. Fifteen phylogenetically diverse methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains were employed. Methicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cloxacillin were added to cultures at concentrations ranging from 0× to 1× MIC. Biofilm formation was measured in 96-well microtiter plates using a crystal violet binding assay. Autoaggregation was measured using a visual test tube …

Contribution Of The Staphylococcus Aureus Atl Am And Gl Murein Hydrolase Activities In Cell Division, Autolysis, And Biofilm Formation., Jeffrey L. Bose, Mckenzie K. Lehman, Paul D. Fey, Kenneth W. Bayles

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

The most prominent murein hydrolase of Staphylococcus aureus, AtlA, is a bifunctional enzyme that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to yield two catalytically active proteins, an amidase (AM) and a glucosaminidase (GL). Although the bifunctional nature of AtlA has long been recognized, most studies have focused on the combined functions of this protein in cell wall metabolism and biofilm development. In this study, we generated mutant derivatives of the clinical S. aureus isolate, UAMS-1, in which one or both of the AM and GL domains of AtlA have been deleted. Examination of these strains revealed that each mutant exhibited growth rates comparable …

The Importance Of Amino Acid Composition In Natural Amps: An Evolutional, Structural, And Functional Perspective., Biswajit Mishra, Guangshun Wang

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

No abstract provided.

Classroom Misbehavior In The Eyes Of Students: A Qualitative Study, Rachel C. F. Sun, Daniel T. L. Shek

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Using individual interviews, this study investigated perceptions of classroom misbehaviors among secondary school students in Hong Kong (N = 18). Nineteen categories of classroom misbehaviors were identified, with talking out of turn, disrespecting teacher, and doing something in private being most frequently mentioned. Findings revealed that students tended to perceive misbehaviors as those actions inappropriate in the classroom settings and even disrupting teachers' teaching and other students' learning. Among various misbehaviors, talking out of turn and disrespecting teacher were seen as the most disruptive and unacceptable. These misbehaviors were unacceptable because they disturbed teaching and learning, and violated the values …

Postlecture Evaluation Of A Positive Youth Development Subject For University Students In Hong Kong, Daniel T. L. Shek

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the postlecture evaluation by the students taking a course (Tomorrow's Leaders) that attempted to promote their leadership qualities and intrapersonal competencies at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kong. Except for the last lecture, students were invited to respond to a 12-item postlecture questionnaire after each lecture. Results showed that the students had positive perceptions of the subject, class, and teacher attributes, and they had positive global evaluation of the teacher and the subject. The postlecture evaluation questionnaire was found to possess good psychometric properties. Multiple regression analyses showed that subject, …

A Comparison Of Individual Versus Community Influences On Youth Smoking Behaviours: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study, Anna M. Adachi-Mejia, Heather A. Carlos, Ethan M. Berke, Susanne E. Tanski, James Sargent

Dartmouth Scholarship

Objectives: To compare individual with community risk factors for adolescent smoking. Design: A cross-sectional observational study with multivariate analysis.Setting: National telephone survey.Participants: 3646 US adolescents aged 13–18 years in 2007 recruited through a random digit-dial survey.

Epoxide-Mediated Cifr Repression Of Cif Gene Expression Utilizes Two Binding Sites In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Alicia E. Ballok, Christopher D. Bahl, Emily L. Dolben, Allia K. Lindsay, Jessica D. St. Laurent, Deborah Hogan, Dean Madden, George A. O'Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes an epoxide hydrolase virulence factor that reduces the apical membrane expression of ABC transporters such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This virulence factor, named CFTR inhibitory factor (Cif), is regulated by a TetR-family, epoxide-responsive repressor known as CifR via direct binding and repression. We identified two sites of CifR binding in the intergenic space between cifR and morB, the first gene in the operon containing the cif gene. We have mapped these binding sites and found they are 27 bp in length, and they overlap the -10 and +1 sites of both the cifR …

Early Stage Drug Treatment That Normalizes Proinflammatory Cytokine Production Attenuates Synaptic Dysfunction In A Mouse Model That Exhibits Age-Dependent Progression Of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology, Adam D. Bachstetter, Christopher M. Norris, Pradoldej Sompol, Donna M. Wilcock, Danielle Goulding, Janna H. Neltner, Daret St. Clair, D. Martin Watterson, Linda J. Van Eldik

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS has been implicated as a key contributor to pathophysiology progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and extensive studies with animal models have shown that selective suppression of excessive glial proinflammatory cytokines can improve neurologic outcomes. The prior art, therefore, raises the logical postulation that intervention with drugs targeting dysregulated glial proinflammatory cytokine production might be effective disease-modifying therapeutics if used in the appropriate biological time window. To test the hypothesis that early stage intervention with such drugs might be therapeutically beneficial, we examined the impact of intervention with MW01-2-151SRM (MW-151), an experimental therapeutic that …

Landmark Optimization Using Local Curvature For Point-Based Nonlinear Rodent Brain Image Registration., Yutong Liu, Balasrinivasa R. Sajja, Mariano Uberti, Howard Gendelman, Tammy Kielian, Michael D. Boska

Journal Articles: Radiology

Purpose. To develop a technique to automate landmark selection for point-based interpolating transformations for nonlinear medical image registration. Materials and Methods. Interpolating transformations were calculated from homologous point landmarks on the source (image to be transformed) and target (reference image). Point landmarks are placed at regular intervals on contours of anatomical features, and their positions are optimized along the contour surface by a function composed of curvature similarity and displacements of the homologous landmarks. The method was evaluated in two cases (n = 5 each). In one, MRI was registered to histological sections; in the second, geometric distortions in EPI …

The Effect Of Pre-Operative Coumadin Therapy On Patients Who Develop Hemorrhagic Events Post Bariatric Surgery, Richard Boorse Md, Peter J. Bechtel Md, Cathleen Webber Rn, Mshs, Suzanne L. Smith Mba, Rrt, Tas, Cathy Fuhrman Rn, Msn

Department of Surgery

No abstract provided.

Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 And Caveolin-1 Expression In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Oral Cavity, Julie A. Ames, Md, Aileen Butera, Md, Joseph Curry, Md, Madalina Tuluc, Md, Ubaldo E. Martinez-Outshoorn, Md, Diana Whitaker-Menezes, Phd, Federica Sotgia, Phd, Michael P. Lisanti, Md, Phd

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

Poster presented at: 8th International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer in Toronto Canada, July 21-25, 2012.

Objective: To determine the significance of caveolin-1 (cav-1) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. We hypothesized that high stromal MCT4 would predict a worse prognosis and correlate with low stromal Cav-1.

A Thermoplastic Vest To Prevent Self Mutilation In Experimental Flap Surgery In Rats, Eli A. Gordin, Md, Sarah M. Drejet, Md, Ryan N. Heffelfinger, Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

Poster presented at: 8th International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer in Toronto, Canada.

Introduction:

Rats are frequently utilized for both research and training related to reconstructive head and neck surgery. The femoral neurovascular complex represents a useful mode for microvascular anastomosis, both for the purposes of testing adjuncts designed to improve anastomotic patency rates, as well as for residents and students to gain experience in microvascular surgery outside the operating room. Additionally, the rat proves useful in investigations examining the survivability of both random and axial pattern skin flaps.

The Beat Goes On

Syracuse University Magazine

To those who would relegate the permanent artificial heart to medical history, we offer Robert Jarvik. He did it once, and he'll do it again.

Management Of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: The Current Knowledge: Aaos Exhibit Selection., Javad Parvizi, Bahar Adeli, Benjamin Zmistowski, Camilo Restrepo, Alan Seth Greenwald

Rothman Institute Papers

Periprosthetic joint infection continues to frustrate the medical community. Although the demand for total joint arthroplasty is increasing, the burden of such infections is increasing even more rapidly, and they pose a unique challenge because their accurate diagnosis and eradication can prove elusive. This review describes the current knowledge regarding diagnosis and treatment of periprosthetic joint infection. A number of tools are available to aid in establishing a diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. These include the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum C-reactive protein concentration, synovial white blood-cell count and differential, imaging studies, tissue specimen culturing, and histological analysis. Multiple definitions of …

The Radiology Fellowship Application And Selection Process In The United States: Experiences And Perceptions From Both Sides, Hyojeong Mulcahy, Felix S. Chew, Michael J. Mulcahy

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Objective. Our purpose was to investigate radiology fellowship directors' and recent fellows' experiences and perceptions with regard to the fellowship application and selection process and to compare these experiences and perceptions. Materials and Methods. Institutional review board approval was obtained. We conducted an online survey of the memberships of three radiology subspecialty societies between October 2009 and December 2009 to learn about radiologists' views regarding various aspects of radiology fellowships. Results. In the process of selecting fellows, program directors and recent fellows consider performance during the radiology residency and the quality or prestige of the residency program …

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Used To Exclude Penile Fracture, Adam Ash, Joel Miller, David Preston

Surgery Faculty Publications

This is a case report of a superficial penile hematoma that was difficult to distinguish clinically from a penile fracture. Such cases occur with relative frequency, and because definitive treatment is an urgent surgery, timely diagnosis is essential to avoid complications. Typical imaging modalities such as cavernosonography and magnetic resonance imaging can be invasive (cavernosonography) or time consuming (magnetic resonance imaging) and may not be readily available. Ultrasound has been used successfully in such cases, and, in this case, we used point-of-care ultrasound combined with a brief period of observation to exclude penile fracture.

Comparison Of Response To 2-Years' Growth Hormone Treatment In Children With Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency, Born Small For Gestational Age, Idiopathic Short Stature, Or Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency: Combined Results From Two Large Observational Studies., Peter A Lee, Lars Sävendahl, Isabelle Oliver, Maithé Tauber, Oliver Blankenstein, Judith Ross, Marta Snajderova, Viatcheslav Rakov, Birgitte Tønnes Pedersen, Henrik Thybo Christesen

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared the response to growth hormone (GH) treatment between indications such as isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), born small for gestational age (SGA), idiopathic short stature (ISS), and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD). The aim of this analysis of data, collected from two large ongoing observational outcome studies, was to evaluate growth and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) response data for children of short stature with IGHD, MPHD, SGA, or ISS following two years of treatment with the recombinant GH product Norditropin® (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark).

METHODS: Analysis of auxologic data from two ongoing prospective observational …

Diagnostic Potential Of The Nmda Receptor Peptide Assay For Acute Ischemic Stroke, Svetlana A. Dambinova, Kerstin Bettermann, Theodore Glynn, Matthew Tews, David Olsen, Joseph D. Weissman, Richard K. Sowell

Faculty Articles

Background

The acute assessment of patients with suspected ischemic stroke remains challenging. The use of brain biomarker assays may improve the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke. The main goal of the study was to evaluate whether the NR2 peptide, a product of the proteolytic degradation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, can differentiate acute ischemic stroke (IS) from stroke mimics and persons with vascular risk factors/healthy controls. A possible correlation between biomarker values and lesion sizes was investigated as the secondary objective.

Methods and Findings

A total of 192 patients with suspected stroke who presented within 72 h of symptom onset …

Drugs For Preventing Red Blood Cell Dehydration In People With Sickle Cell Disease., Srikanth Nagalla, Samir K Ballas

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin, resulting in abnormal red blood cells. These are rigid and may block blood vessels leading to acute painful crises and other complications. Recent research has focused on therapies to rehydrate the sickled cells by reducing the loss of water and ions from them. Little is known about the effectiveness and safety of such drugs.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relative risks and benefits of drugs to rehydrate sickled red blood cells.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register.Last search of the Group's Trials …

Disparities In Cause-Specific Cancer Survival By Census Tract Poverty Level In Idaho, U.S., Christopher J. Johnson, Aliza K. Fink, Robert R. German

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objective. This population-based study compared cause-specific cancer survival by socioeconomic status using methods to more accurately assign cancer deaths to primary site. Methods. The current study analyzed Idaho data used in the Accuracy of Cancer Mortality Statistics Based on Death Certificates (ACM) study supplemented with additional information to measure cause-specific cancer survival by census tract poverty level. Results. The distribution of cases by primary site group differed significantly by poverty level (chi-square = 265.3, 100 df, p In the life table analyses, for 8 of 24 primary site groups investigated, and all sites combined, there was a significant gradient relating …

Primary Care Behavioral Health Consultation Reduces Depression Levels Among Mood-Disordered Patients, Bill Mcfeature, Thomas W. Pierce

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of behavioral health consultative services on levels of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with a mood disorder. Two-hundred fifty-one patients with a form of mood disorder completed the PHQ-9 screening tool for depression both before and after a treatment period lasting an average of three months, during which patients received behavioral health consultation services. Results showed that 49.8% of patients participating in this integrated behavioral health care program experienced improvements of at least 50% in PHQ-9 scores from pre- to post-test. Improvements in PHQ-9 scores of at least a five …

American Indian Community Leader And Provider Views Of Needs And Barriers To Colorectal Cancer Screening, Christine M. Daley

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Colorectal cancer is a great concern for the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) community, as incidence and mortality rates remain high and screening rates stay low. We conducted interviews with community leaders (n=13) and with providers from the Indian Health Service (IHS), tribal clinics, and urban safety-net clinics (n=17) in Northeast Kansas and the Kansas City Metro Area to determine their understanding of needs and barriers to colorectal cancer screening among American Indians. Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach for this pilot study, community leaders and providers identified similar needs, including: culturally-appropriate education about colorectal cancer and screenings, the potential …

An Innovative Approach For Community Engagement: Using An Audience Response System, Jenna L. Davis, Kara E. Mcginnis, Margaret L. Walsh, Coni Williams, Kevin B. Sneed, Julie A. Baldwin, B. Lee Green

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Community-based participatory research methods allow for community engagement in the effort to reduce cancer health disparities. Community engagement involves health professionals becoming a part of the community in order to build trust, learn from the community and empower them to reduce disparities through their own initiatives and ideas. Audience Response Systems (ARS) are an innovative and engaging way to involve the community and obtain data for research purposes using keypads to report results via power point. The use of ARS within communities is very limited and serves to widen the disparity gap by not delivering new advances in medical knowledge …

Research Brief: "Work-Related Quality Of Life And Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Female Veterans", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This study focuses on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among female veterans, and found that about 10.2% of female veterans using the VA in 2009 had a diagnosis of PTSD, compared to 7.8% of their male counterparts. In practice, occupational program facilitators and health professionals should focus on creating interventions that target the needs of veterans with multiple diagnoses. For policy, policymakers should also focus on initiatives that serve both female veterans with multiple diagnoses and health professionals providing care to these veterans. Suggestions for future study include having large samples of female veterans and performing gender comparisons in data analysis, …

A Case Of Otogenic Tetanus., Mohammad Adeel, Shaheryar Ahmed Rajput, Muhammad Sohail Awan, Asif Arain

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

The authors are presenting our experience of managing an interesting case of a 12-year-old girl who presented to our clinic with otorrhea for 3 months and trismus for 1 week. Examination showed bilateral ear discharge with central perforations in tympanic membranes, palatal paralysis and trismus. Systemic examination revealed only mild stiffness of hand muscles. CT-scan head and neck was done to look for intracranial complications of otitis media. However, it revealed only decreased pneumatisation of mastoid cells. She was admitted in the hospital and started on intravenous and local antibiotics after sending ear swab and blood cultures. But she showed …

Com Outlook Summer 2012, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Medical Education Digest, Vol. 14 No. 4 (July/August 2012), Nova Southeastern University

Medical Education Digest

No abstract provided.

Secretome Survey Of Human Plexiform Neurofibroma Derived Schwann Cells Reveals A Secreted Form Of The Rarres1 Protein., Hui-Ling Chen, Haeri Seol, Kristy J. Brown, Heather Gordish-Dressman, D. Ashley Hill, Vittorio Gallo, Roger J. Packer, Yetrib Hathout

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

To bring insights into neurofibroma biochemistry, a comprehensive secretome analysis was performed on cultured human primary Schwann cells isolated from surgically resected plexiform neurofibroma and from normal nerve tissue. Using a combination of SDS-PAGE and high precision LC-MS/MS, 907 proteins were confidently identified in the conditioned media of Schwann cell cultures combined. Label free proteome profiling revealed consistent release of high levels of 22 proteins by the four biological replicates of NF1 Schwann cell cultures relative to the two normal Schwann cell cultures. Inversely, 9 proteins displayed decreased levels in the conditioned media of NF1 relative to normal Schwann cells. …

Analytic Lymph Node Number Establishes Staging Accuracy By Occult Tumor Burden In Colorectal Cancer., Terry Hyslop, David S. Weinberg, Stephanie Schulz, Alan Barkun, Scott A. Waldman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recurrence in lymph node-negative (pN0) colorectal cancer suggests the presence of undetected occult metastases. Occult tumor burden in nodes estimated by GUCY2C RT-qPCR predicts risk of disease recurrence. This study explored the impact of the number of nodes analyzed by RT-qPCR (analytic) on the prognostic utility of occult tumor burden.

METHODS: Lymph nodes (range: 2-159) from 282 prospectively enrolled pN0 colorectal cancer patients, followed for a median of 24 months (range: 2-63), were analyzed by GUCY2C RT-qPCR. Prognostic risk categorization defined using occult tumor burden was the primary outcome measure. Association of prognostic variables and risk category …