Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Comparison Of Conventional Pap Smear And Manual Liquid Based Cytology With P16 Marker In Screening For Cervical Cancer In Indian Tertiary Healthcare Setups In Mysuru, Gayathri Sureshkumar Nair, Nandini Manoli, Nandish Manoli

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

In India, there are 20.2 per 100000 new cases of Cervical Cancer diagnosed and 11.1 per 100000 deaths annually accounting for more than one fifths of global cervical cancer deaths. [1] Thus, due to an absence of a national immunization program to cover human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and lack of accessible cervical cancer screening, the disease is characterized by late detection, lack of access to affordable and quality health care, and high mortality rates. [2]

Papanicolaou Smear Test was a novel invention by Dr George Papanicolaou in the year 1927 which gained maximum popularity in 1950 as a screening test …

Pre-Hospital Conditions Affecting The Hospitalization Risk In Older Adults At The Emergency Department, Karin Erwander, Kjell Ivarsson, Mona Landin-Olsson, Björn Agvall

Journal of Geriatric Emergency Medicine

BACKGROUND: The Emergency Department (ED) is a common route to hospitalization for critically ill and older adults. Older patients are admitted to hospital at a higher rate and have longer length of stay (LOS) when hospitalized. To be able to confront an increasing aging population, meet their medical needs and influence rising costs of health care, there is a need to focus on the older population. In Scandinavia, few studies are made that focus on the geriatric population at the ED. It is essential to early identify risk factors for hospitalization at the ED to improve the medical care for …

Partial Outpatient Oral Antibiotic Treatment Of Infective Endocarditis Is Non-Inferior To Inpatient Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy, Nicholas J. Murphy

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Iversen K, Ihlemann N, Gill SU, et al. Partial Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380:415-424. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1808312

for a patient with infective endocarditis and intravenous drug use with desire to leave the hospital.

Pregabalin May Reduce Neuropathic Pain In Burn Victims, Caroline Nikolaidis

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Gray P, Kirby J, Smith MT, et al. Pregabalin in severe burn injury pain: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 2011;152(6):1279-1288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.055

for a patient with burn injury pain.

Indwelling Pleural Catheterization Maximizes Functionality And Quality Of Life In Management Of Recurrent Malignant Pleural Effusions, Avinash Ramkissoon

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Davies HE, Mishra EK, Kahan BC, et al. Effect of an indwelling pleural catheter vs chest tube and talc pleurodesis for relieving dyspnea in patients with malignant pleural effusion: The TIME2 randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc. 2012;307(22):2383-2389. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.5535

for the management of recurrent malignant pleural effusions in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Exploring Alternative Treatment Options For A Patient With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding And Mistrust Of The Healthcare System, Rachel A. O'Dell

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Tinelli A, Gustapane S, D’Oria O, Licchelli M, Panese G. Nutraceuticals in fibroid management after ulipristal acetate administration: An observational study on patients’ compliance. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics; 2022;156(1):133-138. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13692

for a patient with chronic, symptomatic anemia with menorrhagia and uterine fibroid.

Prevalence And Effect Of Cannabis Use In Acute Pancreatitis Of Unknown Etiology, Hanna Tran

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Simons-Linares CR, Barkin JA, Wang Y, et al. Is There an Effect of Cannabis Consumption on Acute Pancreatitis?. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63(10):2786-2791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-018-5169-2

for a patient with cannabis-associated acute pancreatitis.

The Importance Of Stigma Theory For Clinical Decisions Related To Diabetic Foot Amputations, Rachael Garcia, Callie Bartkowiak, Alison Nesbitt Do

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

The authors examine the unconsidered impact of social stigma theory on the shared clinical decision-making process for a patient with foot osteomyelitis and MRSA bacteremia facing the prospect of an amputation.

Saudi Heart Association Guidelines On Best Practices In The Management Of Chronic Coronary Syndromes, Owayed Alshammeri, Shukri Al Saif, Halia Al Shehri, Mirvat Alasng, Fatema Qaddoura, Mohammad Al Shehri, Yosra Turkistani, Adel Tash, Walid Alharbi, Fahad Al Qahtani, Rafael Diaz, Wael Mahaimeed, Waleed Al Habeeb, Khalid Alfaraidy

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Background: The prevalence of both chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and its risk factors is alarming in Saudi Arabia and only a minority of patients achieve optimal medical management. Context-specific CCS guidelines outlining best clinical practices are therefore needed to address local gaps and challenges. Consensus panel: A panel of experts representing the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) reviewed existing evidence and formulated guidance relevant to local clinical practice considering the characteristics of the Saudi population, the Saudi healthcare system, its resources and medical expertise. They were reviewed by external experts to ensure scientific and medical accuracy. Consensus findings: Recommendations are provided …

Why Is Epinephrine Not The Drug Of Choice In Cardiogenic Shock?, Esther Vorovich

Journal of Shock and Hemodynamics

Through the years, epinephrine has been the drug of choice for patients with cardiogenic shock. However, epinephrine was clinically inferior to norepinephrine in comparison studies because of the negative patient outcomes, which were statistically significant. These effects include type B lactic acidosis, tachycardia, increased myocardial oxygen demand, and arrhythmias.

Profound Vasoplegia After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Subhasis Chatterjee

Journal of Shock and Hemodynamics

Vasoplegic shock after cardiac surgery is characterized by a high cardiac output, low systemic vascular resistance, refractory hypotension, and ongoing need for vasopressors. In this case, management considerations are discussed, including vasoactive medications and other adjuncts to sustain a satisfactory mean arterial pressure and improve outcomes.

Reperfusion Injury In Acute Myocardial Infarction Shock- Role Of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices, Finn Gustafsson

Journal of Shock and Hemodynamics

The efficacy of mechanical circulatory support in acute myocardial infarction is dependent upon the size of the infarct. If applied early, mechanical support to reduce reperfusion injury appears to be effective in reducing infarct size in animal studies. The optimal timing of reperfusion is uncertain and requires further investigation. Efficient unloading appears to be essential in increasing the efficacy of the type of mechanical support and may favor one over another.

Racial Variations In Shock Presentation And Outcome, Steven Bailey

Journal of Shock and Hemodynamics

Working toward inclusive strategies for data sampling, trials, and triage is essential. Whatever the approach, it is important to do better than what has been done in the past when considering race and ethnicity in patient care. Although there may be limited publications with information on this topic, they have shown clear differences in patient outcomes with possible associations with gender, race, and ethnicity. It is critical to view the implications of this on socioeconomic status, access, resources, patient phenotypes, and patient desires and expectations. The disparities must first be recognized before any treatment options can be identified.

Hemodynamic Goals In Shock Management: Is There One Target For All?, Maya Guglin

Journal of Shock and Hemodynamics

The current guidelines for managing cardiogenic shock lack specificity and clarification. The main criterion for cardiogenic shock is low cardiac output, and the most important goal is to achieve adequate output from a shock state. Because of the complex nature of cardiogenic shock, a “one-size-fits-all" outline may not be the best solution. Historically, hemodynamic goals in cardiogenic shock are copied from septic shock. Because septic shock and cardiogenic shock are different hemodynamic entities, the goals should be different.

Hemodynamics And Kinetics Of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Shock, Yevgeniy Brailovsky, J. Eduardo Rame, Thierry Le Jemtel, Indranee Rajapreyar

Journal of Shock and Hemodynamics

The classical paradigm of cardiogenic shock is severe impairment of left ventricular, right ventricular, or biventricular contractility resulting in decreased cardiac output and end-organ failure. In patients with preserved ejection fraction, cardiogenic shock results from impaired left ventricular filling leading to decreased cardiac output and end-organ hypoperfusion. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) comprises a heterogenous group of myocardial and systemic metabolic derangements. Cardiogenic shock with preserved left ventricular ejection is thought to be less common than with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and therapeutic approaches are not well standardized. We aim to review the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock …

Histopathological Study About The Effects Of Chronic Concomitant Administration Of Both Pregabalin And Ibuprofen On The Skeletal, Cardiac And Smooth Muscles Of Male Albino Rats, Hytham Hemeida, Fouad El Dabbah, Nagy Alfadaly, Al-Sayed Tealeb

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: there is not enough information available to assess the relationship between Pregabalin use and muscular damage. Also, the effect of pregabalin ibuprofen combination on musculature not well assessed till now. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the possible chronic concomitant effect of both pregabalin and ibuprofen on skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles in male albino rats. Subjects and methods: One hundred adult healthy male albino rats weighting 200 – 250 gm were obtained from the animal house, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt. The animals were classified into five groups: Group one (Negative control):10 male albino rats, received normal …

Intravenous Versus Intramuscular Oxytocin In The Prevention Of Atonic Post-Partum Hemorrhage After Vaginal Delivery, Taha Abd Elghany, Mofeed Mohamed, Muhamed Abdelmoaty

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is among of the most main sources of mother deaths throughout the world. The changed profile of laboring women, who are now more probable to be aged, overweighted, or have substantial clinical co-morbidities, is leading to an increase in obstetric difficulties, Aim and objectives: in a double-blind controlled experiment, to examine the impact of an intramuscular (IM) single dose of oxytocin (10 IU per 1 mL) and placebo IV administration (1 mL 0.9 % saline gradually administered ) with an IV single dose of oxytocin (10 IU per 1 mL administered gradually over 1 min) …

Impairment-Based Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Management In Multiple Sclerosis In Pakistan, Sarah Razaq, Fahim Anwar, Wasim Wali

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation In Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy In A Sample Of Egyptian Children, Ahmed Muhammad, Hossam Emam, Abdel-Ghaffar Fayed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

ABSTRACT Background; One of the most common neurologic disorders is cerebral palsy. To improve quality of life, many tools have been employed. rTMS is a new established technique to treat spasticity and improve the outcome of rehabilitation program in various neurologic conditions. Aim and objectives; To assess the effect of high frequency rTMS on improving spasticity and motor performance in spastic hemiplegic CP in a sample of Egyptian children. Patients and methods; 65 children aged between 4-18 years attending the Neuro-Pediatric Unit of Al-Azhar University hospitals were recruited in the period from beginning of Jan, 2022 to the end of …

Mid-Secretory Uterine Artery Doppler Indices And Endometrial Thickness In Patients With Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, Eshraq Mohammed, Ahmed Nasr, Wael Hamed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Back ground : Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in up to 3% reproductive age couples. Potential uterine predictors for implantation measurable by ultrasound include endometrial thickness and volume, endometrial pattern, as well as blood flow in the uterine and sub-endometrial arteries. Aim: to evaluate endometrial thickness and uterine artery blood flow using Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle for women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Patients and methods: A prospective controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 non pregnant women :45 Patient group and 45 Control group. All participants underwent comprehensive examinations and …

Effects Of Sildenafil On The Testes Of The Nondiabetic And Diabetic Adult Albino Rats (Light And Electron Microscopic Study), El-Sayed Jahin, Mustafa Al-Jizawi, Fayez Abd-Elfattah

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Sildenafil citrate is effective in men with erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil induces degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules and interstitial histological alterations. Diabetes mellitus may cause an end-organ damage in many systems as the genitourinary system. The testis is the primary sex organ and is formed mainly of stroma and parenchyma. It is a mixed gland that performs both endocrine and exocrine activities. Objective: To reveal the effect of sildenafil citrate in high and toxic doses on the histological structure of the healthy and diabetic rat testes. Material and methods: The research was carried out at the animal house at Faculty …

Cervical Cytologic And Colposcopic Changes In Cases Using Intrauterine Devices For Along Time, Eslam Farg, Samir Ali, Abd-Elmonsef Mostafa

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD) is a safe, convenient and inexpensive method of contraception involving neither repetition nor interference with sexual activity. Aim of the work: To to examine cytologic and colposcopic changes in individuals utilising IUCDs in the cervical region.for long periods of time and to create awareness among the IUCD users for regular follow up. Patients and methods: The Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Al-Hussein University Hospital conducted this cross-sectional study. 200 monogamous individuals with IUCD who have been free of STIs for three to five years made up the study group (Group 1). On the other hand, …

Role Of Diffusion Weighted Imaging And Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value In Diagnosis Of Asymptomatic / Inactive Multiple Sclerosis Plaques, Aws Al-Isawi, Abdulah El Keshn, Hussien Roshdy

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Although in most cases, the diagnosis of MS remains a clinical, magnetic resonance imaging became a fundamental imaging technique for the investigation and monitoring patients with MS, as it allows the visualization of lesions in the brain and spinal cord and help in understanding and follow of the disease and it is widely used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Aim of the study: To evaluation of asymptomatic or inactive multiple sclerosis plaques by using diffusion weighted imaging and ADC value. Patients and methods: We evaluated prospectively 50 patients with known multiple sclerosis and fulfilled McDonald Criteria 2017. Patients of …

Intravenous Iron Sucrose Versus Intramuscular Iron Sorbitol In Management Of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy, Mohamed Hamed, Abd Allah Ahmed, Islam Sultan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: The greatest prevalent nutrient shortage in pregnant women across the globe is iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Maternal anemia continues to significantly increase neonatal morbidity and death, and there is worry over the elevated incidence of iron and other micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women in poor nations. Aim of the work: To examine the effectiveness and safety of intramuscular iron sorbitol citric acid complex and intravenous iron sucrose in the treating of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in gestation. Patients and methods: At the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, 100 pregnant women were separated into two …

Helicobacter Pylori And The Severity Of Preeclampsia, Marwan Ali, Ahmed Abd Elfattah, Mohamed Abo-Ghabha, Noha Sabry

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: The main cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, intrauterine growth retardation, as well as fetal prematurity, is pre-eclampsia. Helicobacter pylori was found to infect several parts of the stomach and duodenum and has consequently been linked to a higher risk of gastric cancer. Pre-eclampsia is more frequent in women infected with H. pylori than in women who are not. Aim of the work: To assess the relation between severity of pre-eclampsia and of Helicobacter pylori infection. Patients and methods: This case-control research involved 100 pregnant women at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments of Al-Azhar Hospital and Mansoura International Hospital, …

The Diagnostic Function Of Office Hysteroscopy And Three-Dimensional (3d) Endometrial Volume Measurement In The Evaluation Of Women With Perimenopausal Bleeding, Mohamed Nafad, Abd El-Moneam Zakaria, Ahmed Abdel Fattah

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: In the peri- and postmenopausal years, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most prevalent reason for gynecological appointments. Aim of the work: To detect the role of office hysteroscopy and three-dimensional (3D) endometrial volume measurement in the evaluation of women with perimenopausal bleeding. Patients and methods: This study was conducted at Al-Azhar University in Al Hussein university hospital from March 2017 to October 2019 Obstetrics and Gynecology department. The research included 100 studied cases complaining of perimenopausal bleeding at the outpatient clinic. Results: hyperplasia followed by complex endometrial hyperplasia and only 1 case of endometrial carcinoma was discovered. In …

Prevalence Of Child Sexual Abuse In Sohag Governorate In Egypt During One Year From January To December, 2020., Adel Hamdy, Ibrahim Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelhamid

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Child sexual abuse is a major threatening problem to child health which predispose to different distressing short-term and long-term complications including psychic, cognitive, physical and social hazards. Objective: To evaluate all alleged child sexual abuse cases that presented to Forensic Medicine Authority in Sohag Governorate of Egypt during 2020. Patients and Methods: There were (69) alleged cases of child sexual abuse presented to the Forensic Medicine Authority in Sohag Governorate during 2020. A history were taken from children to analysis and identify the situation of the assault then general and local examinations were done for detection of any positive …

Study Of Laparoscopic Nissen Versus Anterior Partial Fundoplication In Management Of Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease In Children, Mahmoud Ghaly, Mohammed Ellithy, Ibrahim Gamaan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: GERD is the most common upper gastroesophageal disorder in the Western population. A number of strategies have been recommended to prevent this problem. Aim of the Work: to compare the Nissen fundoplication with partial anterior fundoplication. Patients and Methods: The present comparative study included thirty patients who had symptomatic GERD admitted in pediatric surgery department ,Al-Azhar University hospitals and all patients submitted to preoperative clinical evaluation and investigations. Patients were randomly allocated to undergo either laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (group I) or laparoscopic partial anterior fundoplication (group II). All patients in our study signed a consent form. Results: there was …

The Surgical Outcome Of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Emphasis On Rhinogenic Headache, Mohamed Eloby, Salaheddin Ali, Mohamed Alawady

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammatory disease. The pathogenesis of CRS involves many factors including genetics, status of the sinonasal microbiome, infections, and environmental influences. Aim of the study :To monitor the outcome of sinus surgery and to evaluate headache severity, duration, and frequency. Patients and methods: A prospective study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospital. We targeted 60 patients belonging to both sexes aged between 18 and 65 years. Divided into 3 groups: Group (1): Chronic Rhinosinusitis with or without concha bullosa, Group (2): Chronic Rhinosinusitis with or without hypertrophy turbinate, and Group (3): Chronic Rhinosinusitis with …

Comparative Study Between Clinical Outcomes Of All Inside Technique And Standard Antero-Medial Technique In Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Abd Elkakim Farrag, Mohamed Alhalawany, Mahmoud Hamada

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Although theoretically superior to traditional technique, anatomical single bundle ACLR via all-inside technique does not appear to demonstrate statistically significant advantages over conventional technique, as with the Lysholm scoring system. Aim of the work: This study compared the post-operative clinical outcomes of arthroscopic ACL restoration using the "all-inside approach" versus the "traditional procedure". Patients and Methods: Between March 2020 and December 2021, fifty patients were admitted to the department of Orthopedic surgery and Traumatology in Sayed Galal University Hospital with torn ACL exhibiting high grade pivot shift (II or III) under anesthesia. Results: The mean age of the patients …