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Medical Sciences

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2008

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Articles 91 - 100 of 100

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Characterization Of Suds3 As A Brms1 Family Member In Breast Cancer, Alexandra C. Silveira Jan 2008

Characterization Of Suds3 As A Brms1 Family Member In Breast Cancer, Alexandra C. Silveira

All ETDs from UAB

BRMS1 and SUDS3 belong to a protein family characterized by the Sds3-like domain. These proteins are core members of SIN3-HDAC chromatin remodeling complexes and thus, regulate transcription. BRMS1 decreases the expression of various metastasis-promoting proteins. This regulation contributes to BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression through the inhibition of motility and by sensitizing cells to anoikis, as well as through other unidentified mechanisms related to growth at a secondary site. Although BRMS1 and SUDS3 share high sequence similarity and are found in the same complexes, studies have yet to address whether these similarities result in overlapping functions. Additionally, it is unclear how BRMS1 …

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The Use Of Molecular Imaging To Evaluate Te Efficacy Of Treatments For Metastatic Breast Cancer, April Adams Szafran Jan 2008

The Use Of Molecular Imaging To Evaluate Te Efficacy Of Treatments For Metastatic Breast Cancer, April Adams Szafran

All ETDs from UAB

The development of molecular imaging technologies has allowed biomedical researchers to study the process of cancer metastasis in animal models of disease. Bioluminescence imaging has been a crucial tool for non-invasive monitoring of tumor growth, dissemination, and response to therapies. In this report, we have applied bioluminescence imaging to evaluate the efficacy of Death Receptor 5 agonist therapy for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis, predominately to the skeleton, in an athymic nude mouse model. Initially, we determined that bioluminescence imaging was the most ideal technology for studying secondary bone lesions in vivo when compared to both x-ray Computed Tomography …

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The Role Of Tgfß Signaling In Skeletal Development, Hwa-Seon Seo Jan 2008

The Role Of Tgfß Signaling In Skeletal Development, Hwa-Seon Seo

All ETDs from UAB

skeletal element is essential for body movement along with the joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments. They also protect internal organs and serve as a reservoir for hematopoietic stem cells and minerals. To accomplish these multiple tasks, the size and shape of the skeletal elements need to be carefully designed during development of the embryo. Skeletal formation in vertebrae is a complex developmental processes controlled by dynamic and well-balanced interactions between a number of molecular signals. Intensive efforts in the past several decades have made substantial progress in understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of skeletal development. Despite the fact that TGFß …

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Determinants Of Growth Hormone Receptor Downregulation, Luqin Deng Jan 2008

Determinants Of Growth Hormone Receptor Downregulation, Luqin Deng

All ETDs from UAB

Growth hormone (GH), a 22 kD polypeptide primarily produced in the anterior pituitary gland, is a key regulator of postnatal growth and affects carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a single membrane-spanning type Ⅰ glycoprotein of the cytokine receptor family and is initially synthesized as a precursor and undergoes carbohydrate processing during transport through the Golgi. It has no intrinsic kinase activity. One molecule of GH binding to predimerized GHR on the cell surface induces the receptor conformational change activating the cytoplasmic domainassociated tyrosine kinase, Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), which phosphorylates GHR, followed by the activation …

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Effects Of Hexosamine Biosynthesis On An In Vitro Model Of Cardiacischemia, Voraratt Champattanachai Jan 2008

Effects Of Hexosamine Biosynthesis On An In Vitro Model Of Cardiacischemia, Voraratt Champattanachai

All ETDs from UAB

Increased levels of protein O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) have been correlated with increased cell survival following stress. Therefore the goal of this study was to determine whether enhanced flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which leads to elevated levels of O-GlcNAc, improved the tolerance of isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. NRVMs were exposed to hypoxic medium for 4 hours, followed by oxygenated complete medium for 16 hours. Acute treatment with 5 mM glucosamine showed an increase in viability and decreased both necrosis and apoptosis following I/R. Glucosamine increased O-GlcNAc levels maximally at 2 hours and went …

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Transcriptional Regulation Of Cd40 And Class Ii Mhc Molecules In Macrophages And Microglia By Statins, Sun Jung Lee Jan 2008

Transcriptional Regulation Of Cd40 And Class Ii Mhc Molecules In Macrophages And Microglia By Statins, Sun Jung Lee

All ETDs from UAB

Microglia/macrophages are the main intrinsic immune effector cells and the first cell types that respond to a variety of CNS injures. They have important functions including secretion of cytokines/chemokines and antigen presentation, thereby regulating immune responses. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a cytokine involved in many aspects of the immune response, and activates microglia/macrophages to express cell surface antigens such as class II MHC, and co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40. CD40 and class II MHC molecules play a critical role in immune reactivity such as antigen presentation and subsequent T cell activation. However, aberrant CD40 and class II MHC expression have been …

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Role Of Variant Sialylation In Regulating Tumor Cell Behavior, Faheem M. Shaikh Jan 2008

Role Of Variant Sialylation In Regulating Tumor Cell Behavior, Faheem M. Shaikh

All ETDs from UAB

Many different tumors have been documented to have elevated levels of the enzyme ST6Gal I, a Golgi glycosyltransferase that adds α2-6 sialic acids to glycoproteins. Concurrently, upregulated ST6Gal I is associated with metastasis and poor patient prognosis. We initially showed that HD3 colonocytes made to express oncogenic-ras, a common mutation in colon carcinoma, have increased expression of ST6Gal I and elevated α2-6 sialylated integrins. Having established that ras regulates ST6Gal I expression in colon epithelial cells, we found that colonocytes carrying hyper α2-6 sialylated β1 integrins exhibit increased adhesion to and migration toward collagen I. Further, we found that β1 …

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Changes In Short-Term Facilitation Are Opposite At Schaffer Collateral And Temporoammonic Ca1 Synapses In The Developing Rat Hippocampus, Haley E. Speed Jan 2008

Changes In Short-Term Facilitation Are Opposite At Schaffer Collateral And Temporoammonic Ca1 Synapses In The Developing Rat Hippocampus, Haley E. Speed

All ETDs from UAB

Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons integrate and filter spatial, temporal, and sensory information from the entorhinal cortex (EC) for memory storage. Synaptic transmission mediates the processing of incoming information, and recent studies have demonstrated that long-term changes in synaptic strength at CA1 synapses are important for learning and memory. Short-term changes in synaptic strength, occurring on a timescale of milliseconds to minutes, do not require lasting modifications and are rapidly reversible. Termed short-term plasticity, it is known to be important for dynamic gain control of synaptic transmission and neural computation. During late postnatal development, there are extensive developmental changes in rat …

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Gene Therapy Using Tet-Repressor System To Modulate Prostate Tumor Microenvironment, Nazita Yousefieh Jan 2008

Gene Therapy Using Tet-Repressor System To Modulate Prostate Tumor Microenvironment, Nazita Yousefieh

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men in the United States and is projected to be the third most frequent cause of male cancer-related deaths in 2007 after lung and skin cancers. The initial treatment for prostate cancer at early stages is prostatectomy or radiation, which usually is curative. However, approximately 20% of patients are not cured by such treatments and their cancer recurs, sometimes with long latencies. In other patients prostate cancer is diagnosed only after the cancer has metastasized and there are no effective therapies at this stage. Therefore immunotherapy seems to be a promising …

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The Evaluation Of Midazolam On Head Injured Patients In The Prehospital Setting, Dragana Klinac Jan 2008

The Evaluation Of Midazolam On Head Injured Patients In The Prehospital Setting, Dragana Klinac

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Midazolam (Hypnovel ®) is the only sedating agent used by paramedics at St John Ambulance Service W.A. in the management of many conditions including seizure activities, antisocial or uncontrollable behaviours, back pain incidents and head injuries. Midazolam, with a rapid absorption, fast onset of action and short duration on neurological activity, has been accepted as a safe and effective agent in prehospital treatment since the late-1990s. Often, if a patient is not complying with treatment or is uncontrollable or aggressive, paramedics are required to sedate the individual. This study primarily examines the use of midazolam for the sedation of unmanageable …

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