Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Benchmarking Large Language Models For Biomedical Natural Language Processing Applications And Recommendations, Qingyu Chen, Yan Hu, Xueqing Peng, Qianqian Xie, Qiao Jin, Aidan Gilson, Maxwell B Singer, Xuguang Ai, Po-Ting Lai, Zhizheng Wang, Vipina K Keloth, Kalpana Raja, Jimin Huang, Huan He, Fongci Lin, Jingcheng Du, Rui Zhang, W Jim Zheng, Ron A Adelman, Zhiyong Lu, Hua Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The rapid growth of biomedical literature poses challenges for manual knowledge curation and synthesis. Biomedical Natural Language Processing (BioNLP) automates the process. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in general domains, their effectiveness in BioNLP tasks remains unclear due to limited benchmarks and practical guidelines. We perform a systematic evaluation of four LLMs-GPT and LLaMA representatives-on 12 BioNLP benchmarks across six applications. We compare their zero-shot, few-shot, and fine-tuning performance with the traditional fine-tuning of BERT or BART models. We examine inconsistencies, missing information, hallucinations, and perform cost analysis. Here, we show that traditional fine-tuning outperforms zero- or …

Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is A Driver Of Altered Oxidative Stress Response And Immunity In Head And Neck Cancer, Yang Li, Pedram Yadollahi, Fonma N Essien, Vasanta Putluri, Chandra Shekar R Ambati, Karthik Reddy Kami Reddy, Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal, Nagireddy Putluri, Lama M Abdurrahman, Maria E Ruiz Echartea, Keenan J Ernste, Akshar J Trivedi, Jonathan Vazquez-Perez, William H Hudson, William K Decker, Rutulkumar Patel, Abdullah A Osman, Farrah Kheradmand, Stephen Y Lai, Jeffrey N Myers, Heath D Skinner, Cristian Coarfa, Kwangwon Lee, Antrix Jain, Anna Malovannaya, Mitchell J Frederick, Vlad C Sandulache

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Exposomes are critical drivers of carcinogenesis. However, how they modulate tumor behavior remains unclear. Extensive clinical data show cigarette smoke to be a key exposome that promotes aggressive tumors, higher rates of metastasis, reduced response to chemoradiotherapy, and suppressed anti-tumor immunity. We sought to determine whether smoke itself can modulate aggressive tumor behavior in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) through reprogramming of the cellular reductive state.

Methods: Using established human and murine HNSCC cell lines and syngeneic mouse models, we utilized conventional western blotting, steady state and flux metabolomics, RNA sequencing, quantitative proteomics and flow cytometry to …

Enhancing State-Of-The-Art Motor Imagery Classification With Reinforcement Learning, Anton Shepelev

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

One of the key obstacles to the rapid adoption of non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) for Motor Imagery (MI) is the low signal-to-noise ratio, and the substantial data requirements which can be mentally taxing for users. EEGNet, a compact Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), has long been considered the state-of-the-art (SOTA) for MI classification, demonstrating strong performance even with limited data. However, recent studies advocate for integrating Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) to further enhance classification accuracy by dynamically optimizing feature extraction and decision-making processes. Despite this potential, practical implementations remain scarce due to challenges in stabilizing RL training and adapting it to …

A Phase Ii Trial Of Sitravatinib + Nivolumab After Progression On Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor In Patients With Metastatic Clear Cell Rcc, Andrew W Hahn, Nabil Adra, Ulka Vaishampayan, Lianchun Xiao, Nazli Dizman, Ying Yuan, Sagar S Mukhida, Matthew T Campbell, Jianjun Gao, Amado J Zurita, Eric Jonasch, Nizar M Tannir, Amishi Y Shah, Pavlos Msaouel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Sitravatinib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR, TAM, and MET, has been shown to resensitize the tumor microenvironment to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) by reducing immune-suppressive myeloid cells in metastatic clear cell RCC (ccRCC). ICI is the standard first-line (1L) treatment of metastatic ccRCC, and there is unmet need for improved treatment outcomes after progression on ICI. We hypothesized that sitravatinib plus nivolumab would revert an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to improve clinical outcomes.

Methods: In this investigator-initiated, phase II, multicenter trial (NCT04904302), patients with progressive metastatic ccRCC after 1-2 lines of treatment were enrolled into 3 …

Does A Waiting Room Increase Same-Day Treatment For Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Pregnant Women? A Quality Improvement Study At South African Primary Healthcare Facilities, Ranjana M. Gigi, Mandisa M. Mdingi, Lukas Bütikofer, Chibuzor M. Babalola, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Andrew Medina-Marino, Christina A. Muzny, Christopher M. Taylor, Janneke H. Van De Wijgert, Remco P. Peters, Nicola Low

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Same-day testing and treatment of curable sexually transmitted infections (STI) is a strategy to reduce infection duration and onward transmission. South African primary healthcare facilities often lack sufficient waiting spaces. This study aimed to assess the proportion of, and factors influencing, pregnant women waiting for on-site STI test results before and after the installation of clinic-based waiting rooms. METHODS: We conducted an observational quality improvement study at 5 public primary healthcare facilities in South Africa from March 2021 to May 2023. The intervention was the installation of a waiting room in two clinics. Three clinics were used as comparators: …

Effects Of Treatment With Af38469 On Localization Of Lysosomal Proteins In Batten Disease In Vitro Models, Ainslie Robinson, Mitchell Rechtzigel, Hannah Leppert, Joelle Anderson, Jon Brudvig, Jill Weimer

Celebration of Research

Batten disease is a rare, pediatric, neurological disorder that is the result of a mutation in one of 13 CLN genes. Batten disease has an incidence rate of 1 out of 100,000 births worldwide with CLN3 being the most common form. Being a genetic disorder, gene therapy is an ideal treatment approach for Batten disease. Diagnosis of disease, however, typically does not occur until disease has progressed, when the ideal therapeutic window for gene therapy has already passed. Additionally, the durability of viral-delivered gene therapy over time is poorly understood. AF38469, a small molecule inhibitor of sortilin, was developed for …

Preseason Mileage Influences The In-Season Training Effect In Female Cross Country Runners, Abby Ervin, Dean Calsbeek

Celebration of Research

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze how preseason mileage influences the in-season training effect on maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) and lactate threshold (LT) in trained NAIA runners. Methods: Eight female distance runners (age 21.2 0.5 y) ran preseason mileage prior to the start of the cross country season. Subjects completed a graded treadmill test to determine VO_2max and VO₂ at OBLA (VO₂ OBLA) at the beginning and end of a 9 week competitive season. Results: Postseason testing revealed VO_2max significantly improved (p=0.009), while no significant improvement occurred in VO₂ OBLA …

Clinical Characteristics And Outcomes Of Pediatric Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ssss) At An Inner-City Tertiary Care Center, Nina Kb Gust Md, Ashley Frei Bs, Rebecca M. Adams Bs, Elika Ridelman Phd, Christina Shanti Md, Ronald Thomas Phd, Jocelyn Y. Ang Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) is a blistering skin condition caused by a toxin-producing staphylococcus species. Epidemiologic studies on pediatric SSSS in the United States are limited, with a reported incidence of 7.67 cases per million children and 45.1 per million infants. Immature renal function, lack of protective antibodies, and increased exotoxin target desmoglein-1 are hypothesized to increase incidence in younger children. We aimed to determine clinical and microbiological characteristics of pediatric SSSS and factors that could help predict disease severity.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed for admitted patients under 18 years old diagnosed with SSSS from …

Analysis Of Chromatin Accessibility Changes In Endothelial Cells Exposed To Plastic Contaminants, Mikhail Y. Salnikov, Carly Boye, David B. Witonsky, Gabrielle Garlicki, Adnan Alazizi, Francesca Luca, Roger Pique-Regi

Medical Student Research Symposium

Degradation products from everyday plastic products are known to bioaccumulate and have also been shown to contaminate drinking water and food sources. BPA and phthalates are endocrine disrupting chemicals and plastic components that have previously been associated with endothelial cell dysfunction, atherosclerotic and other adverse cardiovascular events. However, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations, such as genome-wide chromatin accessibility changes in endothelial cells exposed to these compounds. The purpose of this study is to explore genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility associated with plastic exposure, as well as the discovery of transcription factor binding motifs dysregulated …

Characterizing Kmt2d In Endometrial Cancer, Katherine R. Davanzo

Medical Student Research Symposium

Endometrial cancer is rising in incidence in the United States, notably among premenopausal women. This increase and the trend of delayed childbearing warrant the need for further advancement in fertility-sparing treatment for endometrial cancer. A gene left widely unexplored in its possible clinical utility as a target for fertility-sparing treatment is KMT2D, a lysine-specific methyltransferase and tumor suppressor. Preliminary gene set enrichment analysis on a 12Z endometriotic epithelial cell line identified TIMP3 as a gene that is possibly regulated by KMT2D expression. TIMP3 encodes an irreversible inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a well-recognized class of proteins as contributing to the …

Androgen Hormones Regulate The Production On The Pain-Inducing Inflammatory Molecule Il-1Β In A Mouse Model Of Inflammatory Pain, Hariharan Ramakrishnan, Geoffroy Laumet, Jaewon Sim

Medical Student Research Symposium

Chronic pain prevalence varies between sexes with a higher incidence and duration reported in women compared to men. This disparity suggests that biological factors, such as sexual hormones, may influence pain perception and development. Among the key players in pain mechanisms, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), an inflammatory molecule, has been identified to activate neurons involved in pain sensation. This study explores the hypothesis that sexual hormones, particularly androgens, regulate IL-1β production in inflamed tissues, thereby influencing pain responses. To investigate this, we induced inflammatory pain in male and female mice using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA), injected into the hind paw. To …

The Effects Of Diluted Fungicide On Western Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma Mavortium) Health, Sage Veomett

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The Western Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium) is a species of salamander that is native to Nebraska. The Western Tiger Salamander population has been in decline, specifically in Southeast Nebraska (Ferraro, 2016). The purpose of this study was to determine whether low levels of Azoxystrobin fungicide deposited in the soil are harmful to the Western Tiger Salamander. In this study, soil in tanks containing pairs of Western Tiger Salamanders was treated with levels of Azoxystrobin 0.5x under the recommended label amount for usage. Fifteen salamanders in total were used. Four tanks of salamander pairs were treated with the Azoxystrobin …

Hif Regulates Multiple Translated Endogenous Retroviruses: Implications For Cancer Immunotherapy, Qinqin Jiang, David A Braun, Karl R Clauser, Vijyendra Ramesh, Nitin H Shirole, Joseph E Duke-Cohan, Nancy Nabilsi, Nicholas J Kramer, Cleo Forman, Isabelle E Lippincott, Susan Klaeger, Kshiti M Phulphagar, Vipheaviny Chea, Nawoo Kim, Allison P Vanasse, Eddy Saad, Teagan Parsons, Melissa Carr-Reynolds, Isabel Carulli, Katarina Pinjusic, Yijia Jiang, Rong Li, Sudeepa Syamala, Suzanna Rachimi, Eva K Verzani, Jonathan D Stevens, William J Lane, Sabrina Y Camp, Kevin Meli, Melissa B Pappalardi, Zachary T Herbert, Xintao Qiu, Paloma Cejas, Henry W Long, Sachet A Shukla, Eliezer M Van Allen, Toni K Choueiri, L Stirling Churchman, Jennifer G Abelin, Cagan Gurer, Gavin Macbeath, Richard W Childs, Steven A Carr, Derin B Keskin, Catherine J Wu, William G Kaelin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), despite having a low mutational burden, is considered immunogenic because it occasionally undergoes spontaneous regressions and often responds to immunotherapies. The signature lesion in ccRCC is inactivation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene and consequent upregulation of the HIF transcription factor. An earlier case report described a ccRCC patient who was cured by an allogeneic stem cell transplant and later found to have donor-derived T cells that recognized a ccRCC-specific peptide encoded by a HIF-responsive endogenous retrovirus (ERV), ERVE-4. We report that ERVE-4 is one of many ERVs that are induced by HIF, translated …

Long-Term Patient-Reported Bowel And Urinary Quality Of Life In Patients Treated With Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Versus Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy For Localized Prostate Cancer, Kimberly R Gergelis, Miao Bai, Jiasen Ma, David M Routman, Bradley J Stish, Brian J Davis, Thomas M Pisansky, Thomas J Whitaker, Richard Choo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: This study aimed to compare long-term patient-reported outcomes in bowel and urinary domains between intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for localized prostate cancer.

Methods and materials: Patients with clinical T1-T2 prostate cancer receiving IMRT or IMPT at a tertiary cancer center from 2015-2018 were analyzed to determine the changes in the prospectively collected bowel function (BF), urinary irritative/obstructive symptoms (UO), and urinary incontinence (UI) domains of EPIC-26. The mean changes in EPIC-26 scores were evaluated from pretreatment to 24 months post-radiotherapy for each modality. A score change >50% of the baseline standard deviation was considered a …

Chronic Viral Mimicry Induction Following P53 Loss Promotes Immune Evasion, Charles A Ishak, Sajid A Marhon, Naïri Tchrakian, Anjelica Hodgson, Helen Loo Yau, Isabela M Gonzaga, Melanie Peralta, Ilinca M Lungu, Stephanie Gomez, Sheng-Ben Liang, Shu Yi Shen, Raymond Chen, Jocelyn Chen, Biji Chatterjee, Kevin N Wanniarachchi, Junwoo Lee, Nicholas Zehrbach, Amir Hosseini, Parinaz Mehdipour, Siyu Sun, Alexander Solovyov, Ilias Ettayebi, Kyle E Francis, Aobo He, Taiyi Wu, Shengrui Feng, Tiago Da Silva Medina, Felipe Campos De Almeida, Jane Bayani, Jason Li, Spencer Macdonald, Yadong Wang, Sarah S Garcia, Elisa Arthofer, Noor Diab, Aneil Srivastava, Paul Tran Austin, Peter J B Sabatini, Benjamin D Greenbaum, Catherine A O'Brien, Trevor G Shepherd, Ming Sound Tsao, Katherine B Chiappinelli, Amit M Oza, Blaise A Clarke, Robert Rottapel, Stephanie Lheureux, Daniel D De Carvalho

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Epigenetic therapies facilitate transcription of immunogenic repetitive elements that cull cancer cells through ‘viral mimicry’ responses. Paradoxically, cancer-initiating events also facilitate transcription of repetitive elements. Contributions of repetitive element transcription towards cancer initiation, and the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade lethal viral mimicry responses during tumor initiation remain poorly understood. In this report, we characterize premalignant lesions of the fallopian tube along with syngeneic epithelial ovarian cancer models to explore the earliest events of tumorigenesis following loss of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. We report that p53 loss permits transcription of immunogenic repetitive elements and chronic viral mimicry activation …

Conformal Predictive Intervals In Survival Analysis: A Resampling Approach, Jing Qin, Jin Piao, Jing Ning, Yu Shen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The distribution-free method of conformal prediction has gained considerable attention in computer science, machine learning, and statistics. Candès et al. extended this method to right-censored survival data, addressing right-censoring complexity by creating a covariate shift setting, extracting a subcohort of subjects with censoring times exceeding a fixed threshold. Their approach only estimates the lower prediction bound for type I censoring, where all subjects have available censoring times regardless of their failure status. In medical applications, we often encounter more general right-censored data, observing only the minimum of failure time and censoring time. Subjects with observed failure times have unavailable censoring …

Computational Sensitivity Evaluation Of Ultrasound Neuromodulation Resolution To Brain Tissue Sound Speed With Robust Beamforming, Boqiang Fan, Wayne Goodman, Sameer A Sheth, Richard R Bouchard, Behnaam Aazhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) neuromodulation requires precise targeting and high resolution enabled by phased array transducers and beamforming. However, focusing optimization usually relies on phantom measurements or simulations with inaccurate acoustic properties to degrade neuromodulation resolution. Therefore, this work analyzes the sensitivity of neuromodulation resolution, measured by off-target activation area (OTAA), to brain tissue sound speed. A Robust Optimal Resolution (ROR) beamforming method is proposed to minimize the worst-case OTAA with restricted sound speed inaccuracy and propagation information estimated with deviated sound speed. The propagation estimation model utilizes equivalent source method (ESM) to map sound field between different acoustic parameter …

Identifiability And Model Selection Frameworks For Models Of High-Grade Glioma Response To Chemoradiation, Khushi C Hiremath, Kenan Atakishi, Ernesto A B F Lima, Maguy Farhat, Bikash Panthi, Holly Langshaw, Mihir D Shanker, Wasif Talpur, Sara Thrower, Jodi Goldman, Caroline Chung, Thomas E Yankeelov, David A Hormuth Ii

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We have developed a family of biology-based mathematical models of high-grade glioma (HGG), capturing the key features of tumour growth and response to chemoradiation. We now seek to quantify the accuracy of parameter estimation and determine, when given a virtual patient cohort, which model was used to generate the tumours. In this way, we systematically test both the parameter and model identifiability. Virtual patients are generated from unique growth parameters whose growth dynamics are determined by the model family. We then assessed the ability to recover model parameters and select the model used to generate the tumour. We then evaluated …

Ven In Combination With 10-Day Dec In Newly Diagnosed Elderly Or Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, And High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Long Term Follow-Up Of A Phase 2 Trial, Mahesh Swaminathan, Courtney D Dinardo, Abhishek Maiti, Naveen Pemmaraju, Maro Ohanian, Navel G Daver, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Ghayas C Issa, Gautam Borthakur, Farhad Ravandi, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Tapan M Kadia, Yesid Alvarado, Elias J Jabbour, Nicholas J Short, William G Wierda, Nitin Jain, Steven M Kornblau, Lucia Masarova, Sherry A Pierce, Wei Qiao, Jing Ning, Hagop Kantarjian, Marina Y Konopleva

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Bone-Induced Her2 Promotes Secondary Metastasis In Hr+/Her2- Breast Cancer, Rahat Alam, Anna Reva, David G Edwards, Bree M Lege, Laura S Munoz-Arcos, Carolina Reduzzi, Swarnima Singh, Xiaoxin Hao, Yi-Hsuan Wu, Zeru Tian, Laura M Natalee, Gargi Damle, Deniz Demircioglu, Yixian Wang, Ling Wu, Elisabetta Molteni, Dan Hasson, Bora Lim, Zbigniew Gugala, Jerry E Chipuk, Julie E Lang, Joseph A Sparano, Chonghui Cheng, Massimo Cristofanilli, Han Xiao, Xiang H-F Zhang, Igor L Bado

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Bone metastases can disseminate to secondary sites and promote breast cancer progression creating additional clinical challenges. The mechanisms contributing to secondary metastasis are barely understood. Here, we evaluate the prediction power of Her2-expressing (Her2E) circulating tumor cells (CTCs) after analyzing over 13,000 CTCs from a cohort of 137 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with initial HR+/Her2− status and employ preclinical models of bone metastasis (BM) to validate the role of Her2E CTCs in multi-organ metastases. While Her2 expression was higher in patients with bone metastasis, experimental analyses revealed that Her2E CTCs derived from bone lesions were more dependent on Her2 …

Using A Cadaveric Model Of Lumbar Scoliosis To Determine Optimal Patient Positioning For Reliable Bone Mineral Density Measures Using A Hologic Dexa Scanner, Caleb B. Schuring, Alexander H.K. Montoye

The Journal of Integrative Physiology

Introduction: Osteoporosis and osteopenia affect roughly 10 million and 43 million older adults, respectively, in the United States. The primary way to detect osteoporosis and osteopenia is through a bone mineral density (BMD) scan, as is often done using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). However, previous research shows DEXA to be unreliable when assessing BMD in individuals with lumbar scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of spine orientation on the DEXA scanning bed on lumbar BMD measures, using a cadaver spine as a model. Methods: One female cadaver was dissected to the skeletal …

Inactivation Of E. Faecium Nrrl B-2354 In Whole Black Pepper By Fluidization With Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor, Daniela Segura

Department of Food Science and Technology: Master of Science with Project Option

This study evaluated Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 as a surrogate for Salmonella inactivation in black peppercorns treated with hydrogen peroxide (HP) vapor via fluidization. The selected parameter for dwell temperature was 60ºC for 60 minutes. The reduction of both Salmonella and E. faecium, along with changes in water activity, color, and residual hydrogen peroxide, were measured before, immediately after treatment and at 24 and 48 hours post-treatment. Results showed that E. faecium exhibited a significantly greater reduction (4.63 ± 0.55 log CFU/g) compared to Salmonella (2.94 ± 0.16 log CFU/g) (p < 0.05), making E. faecium unsuitable as …

Rapid Serial Visual Task Assessment Performance In Response To Training In A Central Vision Loss Model, Hrinmai Manikandan

Expo Student Presentations

2025 Spring Expo Poster Presentation

• Biological & Life Sciences
• Health Sciences & Health Professions

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2025), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 Keeping South Dakota's food supply safe
[Page] 6 Controlling environmental listeria
[Page] 8 Inaugural 2+2 vet program class graduates
[Page] 10 Faculty honored for excellence
[Page] 12 New leader for agronomy, horticulture, plant science
[Page] 14 Students spend spring break in South Africa
[Page] 16 Hadacek offers advice to fellow graduates
[Page] 17 Park Interpretation and Management Club starts
[Page] 18 On the front lines with invasive species
[Page] 22 Director Karla Trautman retires
[Page] 24 Helping navigate precision ag
[Page] 26 Growing bigger, better beef
[Page] 28 Jackrabbits Then and Now

Research Day 2025 Program, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School Of Medicine

Research Day

No abstract provided.

2025- The Twenty-Ninth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the 29th Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on April 16-18, 2025. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.

Search, The Jackson Laboratory

Search Magazine

No abstract provided.

Civically Engaged 4-H Ambassadors: A Program Designed To Bridge Youth Leaders With Local Policymakers, J. "Clay" Hurdle, Sage V. Eichenburch, Megan Kershner

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

No abstract provided.

Early Motor And Language Development In Infants At Elevated Likelihood For Autism, Natalie C. Deal

Senior Theses

During the early stages of infant development, various emerging skills set the foundation for more complex abilities. One such connection is the development of motor skills, which play a crucial role in influencing language outcomes later in the infants' first year. Although these developmental cascades are well understood in typically-developing populations, less is known about the cascade in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many infants who are later diagnosed with ASD have motor delays or language delays, suggesting that the cascade from motor to language may not be typical in this population. Additionally, little is known …

Effects Of Interval Load And Constant Load Cycling On Cortisol And Testosterone Production, Anna Zurlo

ASPIRE 2025

Testosterone is an anabolic-androgenic steroid released from the gonads when exercising. Additionally, cortisol is a catabolic hormone that is also released in response to the stress of exercise. Both hormones have been known to increase significantly following high-intensity exercise as compared to low-intensity exercise. However, more research needs to be done regarding the interval training effect on testosterone and cortisol levels. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the hormonal response of testosterone and cortisol during interval versus constant load cycling. METHODS: Participants aged 19-45 years old will be recruited to participate in the study. Their initial visit …