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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Australian Consumer Attitudes To Health Claim - Food Product Compatibility For Functional Foods, P. G. Williams, L. Ridges, M. Batterham, B. Ripper, M. C. Hung
Australian Consumer Attitudes To Health Claim - Food Product Compatibility For Functional Foods, P. G. Williams, L. Ridges, M. Batterham, B. Ripper, M. C. Hung
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This study with Australian consumers investigated how appealing different health claims combined with particular food carriers were to Australian consumers, and compared the results of a similar study with Dutch consumers. 149 shoppers considered up to 30 different food concepts, rating how ‘attractive’, ‘believable’, and ‘new and different’ they found each concept and their ‘intention to try’. Each variable was significantly related to intention to try (p<0.001) and together explained 56% of the intention score. Claims and carriers independently had a significant effect on ratings of attractiveness and intention to try but, unlike the Dutch study, the carrier was a more important predictor of intention to purchase than the claim. Implications for regulation of health claims for food are discussed.
Eating Inside: Food Service Experiences In Three Australian Prisons, P. G. Williams, K. Walton, N. Ainsworth, C. Wirtz
Eating Inside: Food Service Experiences In Three Australian Prisons, P. G. Williams, K. Walton, N. Ainsworth, C. Wirtz
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This study evaluated the menus and food service experience of inmates in three correctional centres in Sydney (one minimum security, one high security, and one for women). Menus were evaluated against recommended dietary intakes, dietary guidelines and nutrition policy statements. Menus generally provided a well varied selection of foods which met the majority of individual nutritional requirements and dietary guidelines - assuming all food provided was consumed. Focus groups and interviews with 35 inmates explored their attitudes about and experiences of the foodservice provision. Sixteen key themes of concern were identified, including: • Complaints about food quality, lack of choice, …
Cereal Grains, Legumes, And Weight Management: A Comprehensive Review Of The Scientific Evidence, P. G. Williams, S. J. Grafenauer, J. E. O'Shea
Cereal Grains, Legumes, And Weight Management: A Comprehensive Review Of The Scientific Evidence, P. G. Williams, S. J. Grafenauer, J. E. O'Shea
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
There is strong evidence that a diet high in wholegrains is associated with lower BMI, waist circumference and risk of being overweight; that a diet high in wholegrains and legumes can help reduce weight gain; and that significant weight loss is achievable with energy controlled diets that are high in cereals and legumes. There is weak evidence that high intakes of refined grains may cause small increases in waist circumference in women. There is no evidence that low carbohydrate diets that restrict cereal intakes offer long term advantages for sustained weight loss. There is insufficient evidence to make clear conclusions …
High Plantar Pressures And Foot Pain: Are They Contributing To Falls In Older Adults?, Karen J. Mickle, Bridget J. Munro, S. R. Lord, Hylton B. Menz, Julie R. Steele
High Plantar Pressures And Foot Pain: Are They Contributing To Falls In Older Adults?, Karen J. Mickle, Bridget J. Munro, S. R. Lord, Hylton B. Menz, Julie R. Steele
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Falls, the leading cause of injuries in older adults, typically occur during ambulation. As such, gait and balance abnormalities are frequently cited as falls risk factors. During normal gait, the foot is the only source of direct contact with the ground and, therefore, it plays a substantial role in maintaining stability and balance. Foot pain has been found to impair balance and gait in women (Leveille, 1998), and has been shown to be falls risk factor in institutionalised elders (Menz, 2006), however it unknown whether foot pain is a risk factor for falling in community-dwelling older adults. As foot pain …
Can Reductions In Bra Band Pressure Increase Comfort During Exercise In Lumpectomy Patients?, S. A. Gho, J. R. Steele, Bridget J. Munro
Can Reductions In Bra Band Pressure Increase Comfort During Exercise In Lumpectomy Patients?, S. A. Gho, J. R. Steele, Bridget J. Munro
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Breast cancer is a prevalent, life-impacting disease. With increasing incidence rates and a growing number of survivors, greater efforts must be directed towards improving the physical functioning and quality of life (QoL) of women living with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Although exercise interventions have been reported to provide these benefits, without the development of adverse events. many impediments to exercise exist (Rogers, 2007). While several psychosocial or physical capacity impediments to exercise have been investigated, a recent study found that a substantial proportion (70.3%) of women living with a breast cancer diagnosis reported experiencing bra discomfort during exercise (Gho, …
Dietary (N-3) Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit Ischemia And Reperfusion Arrhythmias And Infarction In Rat Heart Not Enhanced By Ischemic Preconditioning, G. G. Abdukeyum, A. J. Owen, P. L. Mclennan
Dietary (N-3) Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit Ischemia And Reperfusion Arrhythmias And Infarction In Rat Heart Not Enhanced By Ischemic Preconditioning, G. G. Abdukeyum, A. J. Owen, P. L. Mclennan
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Ischaemic preconditioning is a powerful cardioprotective phenomenon. Cardioprotection afforded by (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) also suggests preconditioning-like effects. This study examined the effects of dietary fish oil on heart function and injury during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion and interactions between diet and ischemic preconditioning (IP). Male Wistar rats were fed diets containing 10% fat by weight including either 7% fish oil + 3% olive oil (n-3) PUFA); 5% sunflower seed oil + 5% olive oil ((n-6) PUFA); or 7% saturated fat-rich beef tallow + 3% olive oil (SF) for 6 weeks. Isolated perfused hearts subjected to 30min regional ischemia …
A Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Website For Use In Primary Health Care: Usability Testing And Evaluation, Y. C. Probst, Linda C. Tapsell
A Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Website For Use In Primary Health Care: Usability Testing And Evaluation, Y. C. Probst, Linda C. Tapsell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
A dietary assessment website for use in the primary healthcare setting has been developed. The website allows patients, referred from their GP, to self-report their dietary intake. Data from the website feeds to a dietitian who develops individualised dietary advice for the patient. The aim of this paper is to describe the usability testing of the dietary assessment website with its potential users. Testing was broken into two phases. Forty-two free-living adults with metabolic syndrome volunteered, 17 completed phase one and 10 completed phase two, with a 64% rate of completion. Phase one participants spoke aloud as they progressed through …
The Effects Of Antipsychotics On The Density Of Cannabinoid Receptors In The Dorsal Vagal Complex Of Rats: Implications For Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain, Katrina Weston-Green, Xu-Feng Huang, Mei Han, Chao Deng
The Effects Of Antipsychotics On The Density Of Cannabinoid Receptors In The Dorsal Vagal Complex Of Rats: Implications For Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain, Katrina Weston-Green, Xu-Feng Huang, Mei Han, Chao Deng
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Some atypical antipsychotics clinically used to treat schizophrenia induce weight gain by unknown mechanisms. The dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the brainstem and the endogenous cannabinoid system are implicated in the regulation of appetite signalling and food intake. We investigated whether antipsychotic drugs alter cannabinoid receptor-binding density in the DVC. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with olanzapine, haloperidol, aripiprazole or vehicle for 1 wk (short-term) or 12 wk (chronic). Quantitative autoradiographic methods were employed to investigate the binding density of cannabinoid receptors in the DVC using a highly sensitive Beta Imager. Short-term olanzapine induced a significant 39% decrease in cannabinoid …
A Volunteer Feeding Assistance Program Can Improve Dietary Intakes Of Elderly Patients – A Pilot Study, K. Walton, P. Williams, J. Bracks, Q. Zheng, L. Pond, R. Smoothy, Linda C. Tapsell, M. Batterham, L. Vari
A Volunteer Feeding Assistance Program Can Improve Dietary Intakes Of Elderly Patients – A Pilot Study, K. Walton, P. Williams, J. Bracks, Q. Zheng, L. Pond, R. Smoothy, Linda C. Tapsell, M. Batterham, L. Vari
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Malnutrition is prevalent in elderly hospitalised patients and has been associated with longer lengths of stay (LOS), higher rates of complications and increased hospital costs. Feeding assistance has traditionally been the role of nurses, however with an ageing population and an ever-increasing workload there may not be sufficient time to ensure the nutritional care of all patients. A program in which trained volunteers assist, socialise and feed nutritionally vulnerable patients at lunch on weekdays has been initiated in a major suburban hospital in Sydney. The pilot study reported here aimed to evaluate the lunchtime assistance program in terms of dietary …
The Visual System And Primary Care Optometry - Encounters With The Extraordinary, Tommy Cleary, Melissa Lee, Binita Natha, Nuong Turner
The Visual System And Primary Care Optometry - Encounters With The Extraordinary, Tommy Cleary, Melissa Lee, Binita Natha, Nuong Turner
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This paper will examine three primary care presentations of disease at different levels of the basic visual pathway encountered over the last year at OPSM Wollongong. This approach will serve to engage the reader with both revision of the nature of vision and an open ended evidence based approach to optometry practice and education. Professional educational development is fundamental to our role as health professionals and this paper’s collaborative effort briefly explores and expresses the group dynamic as a team of optometrists approach this responsibility. The authors hope that this thematic group based approach is repeatable in other teams of …
The Importance Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids In Children's Diets, Barbara J. Meyer
The Importance Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids In Children's Diets, Barbara J. Meyer
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The 3 main types of fat in our diet are saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. Saturated fatty acids do not contain any carbon double bonds, as the fatty acid is fully saturated with hydrogens. Monounsaturated fatty acids, as the name suggests contain fatty acids with one carbon double bond (i.e. mono meaning one) and likewise polyunsaturated fatty acids contain two or more carbon double bonds.
Computerized Dietary Assessments Compare Well With Interviewer Administered Diet Histories For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In The Primary Healthcare Setting, Y. C. Probst, S. Faraji, M. Batterham, D. G. Steel, Linda C. Tapsell
Computerized Dietary Assessments Compare Well With Interviewer Administered Diet Histories For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In The Primary Healthcare Setting, Y. C. Probst, S. Faraji, M. Batterham, D. G. Steel, Linda C. Tapsell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Using a context-based case-control trial, 41 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized into four groups to complete dietary assessments (computerized or interviewer administered) at 0, 2 and 8 weeks and food records at 0 and 2 weeks. Repeatability of reported energy, total fat, saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids between the computerized and interviewer administered methods were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. Paired t-tests and Pearson's correlations determined relative validity of the assessments.
Relationships Between Patient Age And Bmi And Use Of A Self-Administered Computerised Dietary Assessment In A Primary Healthcare Setting, Y. Probst, Linda C. Tapsell, M. Batterham
Relationships Between Patient Age And Bmi And Use Of A Self-Administered Computerised Dietary Assessment In A Primary Healthcare Setting, Y. Probst, Linda C. Tapsell, M. Batterham
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The objective of this paper was to determine relationships between patient age and BMI and use of a self-administered dietary assessment website in the primary healthcare setting. Chi- square and ordinal regression models were used to determine the relationships between age and BMI and computer experience, ownership, and usage from 188 patients using a self-administered dietary assessment website over 12 months. One hundred and twenty-five (66.5%) female and 63 (33.5%) male patients used the website. A total of 72.9% were overweight (BMI425 kg/m2). Advanced/intermediate computer users were 17.1 times more likely to own a computer than beginners or patients who …
Life Journey Enhancement Tools (Life Jet)., Lindsay G. Oades, T. P. Crowe
Life Journey Enhancement Tools (Life Jet)., Lindsay G. Oades, T. P. Crowe
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The domain of life planning and personal development includes the important techniques of values clarification, strengths identification, goal setting and action planning. In the past two decades practices such as life coaching have grown in popularity (Green, Oades & Grant, 2006). Moreover, in mental health contexts, the recovery movement has challenged the illness and deficit focus (Andresen, Caputi, Oades, 2006; Oades et al, 2005) whilst within the discipline of psychology, the positive psychology movement has questioned the negative focus of clinical psychology (Resnick & Rosenheck, 2006). It is however easier to critique an existing area than the provide suggestions and …
Assembling A Nutrient Database For A Large Cohort Study: Blue Mountains Eye Study, Victoria M. Flood, W Smith, E Rochtchina, Jie J. Wang, Paul Mitchell
Assembling A Nutrient Database For A Large Cohort Study: Blue Mountains Eye Study, Victoria M. Flood, W Smith, E Rochtchina, Jie J. Wang, Paul Mitchell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
To construct a nutrient database for use with a large population-based cohort study, the Blue Mountains Eye Study, dietary intakes were estimated using the Australian electronic food composition nutrient databases to which values for additional nutrients were added, including folate, vitamin B12, carotenoids and fatty acids. The addition of nutrient data from alternative, overseas, database sources may be useful in relation to the assessment of outcome measures, however the data obtained from these sources need to be interpreted with care, especially in relation to absolute quantities of intake.
Dietary Fatty Acids And Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Victoria M. Flood, Paul Mitchell
Dietary Fatty Acids And Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Victoria M. Flood, Paul Mitchell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness among older people. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors which could prevent or slow the progression of this chronic disease. Dietary fatty acid intakes have been investigated in epidemiological studies as it is plausible that individual lipids have properties which modulate cellular damage in the eye. This paper reviews epidemiological studies investigating links between fatty acids and AMD. Mixed evidence has related the sub-types of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids to AMD, but nearly all epidemiological studies have demonstrated some level of AMD protection from …
A Comparison Of Two Nutrition Signposting Systems For Use In Australia, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Victoria M. Flood, Anna Rangan, Debra J. Hector, Tim Gill
A Comparison Of Two Nutrition Signposting Systems For Use In Australia, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Victoria M. Flood, Anna Rangan, Debra J. Hector, Tim Gill
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Consumers are interested in making healthier food choices but the mandatory nutrition information panel currently in use in Australia is not easily understood or interpreted by most consumers. A simple nutrition signpost would be valuable. This paper reviews two nutrition signposting systems currently being considered for adoption in Australia. The authors conclude that a system similar to the colour-coded Traffic Light System is likely to be most useful.
Vision And Maintaining Eye Sight, Victoria M. Flood, Paul Mitchell
Vision And Maintaining Eye Sight, Victoria M. Flood, Paul Mitchell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The most important diseases causing visual impairment in people as they age include age-related macular degeneration, cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. This discussion paper will limit itself to reviewing common eye diseases which have investigated the relationship to the consumption of omega-3s and fish: age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract and retinal vessel changes.
Personality And Cannabis Use, Emma Barkus
Personality And Cannabis Use, Emma Barkus
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Cannabis is one of the most widely used illegal substances in the world. Its use has been reported to be over-represented in many psychiatric conditions and has frequently been found to predate the onset of psychiatric symptoms. However, cannabis may also have detrimental effects on the general population. Factors that predict the onset of use are receiving increased attention to aid in identifying groups of young people who may be more prone to consume cannabis. Personality traits may be one such factor as they are readily identifiable and offer information that can be used for improved targeting of educational material …
The Commercial Food Landscape: Outdoor Food Advertising Around Primary Schools In Australia, Bridget P. Kelly, Michelle Cretikos, Kris Rogers, Lesley King
The Commercial Food Landscape: Outdoor Food Advertising Around Primary Schools In Australia, Bridget P. Kelly, Michelle Cretikos, Kris Rogers, Lesley King
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Objective: Food marketing is linked to childhood obesity through its influence on children’s food preferences, purchase requests and food consumption. We aimed to describe the volume and nature of outdoor food advertisements and factors associated with outdoor food advertising in the area surrounding Australian primary schools. Methods: Forty primary schools in Sydney and Wollongong were selected using random sampling within population density and socio-economic strata. The area within a 500m radius of each school was scanned and advertisements coded according to pre-defined criteria, including: food or non-food product advertisement, distance from the school, size and location. Food advertisements were further …
Double Standards For Community Sports: Promoting Active Lifestyles But Unhealthy Diets, Bridget P. Kelly, Kathy Chapman, Lesley King, Louise L. Hardy, Louise Farrell
Double Standards For Community Sports: Promoting Active Lifestyles But Unhealthy Diets, Bridget P. Kelly, Kathy Chapman, Lesley King, Louise L. Hardy, Louise Farrell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Issue addressed: Overweight and obesity in Australia is an emerging health concern. Obesity prevention initiatives must consider both physical activity and nutrition to be effective. Community sports venues have the capacity to promote healthy lifestyles through physical activity as well as healthy food choices. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted on parents of children aged 5-17 years in NSW to determine the nature of food and beverages purchased by children at community sporting venues and to determine parent’s perception of the role that government should play in regulating the types of food and beverages sold at these outlets. Results: The …
Trends In Improved Security Measures - Reducing Armed Robberies In Pharmacies, Fiona M. Weigall, Alison F. Bell
Trends In Improved Security Measures - Reducing Armed Robberies In Pharmacies, Fiona M. Weigall, Alison F. Bell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The overall aim of this study was to examine factors that have contributed to a decrease in hold-ups with particular reference primarily to pharmacies and secondly to other target groups such as convenience stores and bottle shops. The study identified a number of differences between the characteristics of pharmacies that were robbed and those not robbed including: location, staff working alone, visibility into the store and longer trading hours. The Pharmacy Guild will use the findings to assist their members to develop effective risk mitigation strategies.
Reflex Changes Associated With Anticipatory Postural Adjustments Preceding Voluntary Arm Movements In Standing Humans, Siddharth Vedula, Paul J. Stapley, Robert E. Kearney
Reflex Changes Associated With Anticipatory Postural Adjustments Preceding Voluntary Arm Movements In Standing Humans, Siddharth Vedula, Paul J. Stapley, Robert E. Kearney
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Dynamic changes in human stability, such as those induced by upper body movements, are preceded by anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in the rest of the body. We measured the excitability of the stretch reflex of the triceps-surae muscle group during APAs associated with unilateral right arm raises in standing humans. Our results demonstrate that reflex excitability and underlying muscle activity are linked during the APA period, but that they differ in their relative timing. This supports the idea that reflexes are controlled independently of muscle activation.
Cannabis-Induced Psychotic-Like Experiences Are Predicted By High Schizotypy. Confirmation Of Preliminary Results In A Large Cohort., John Stirling, Emma Barkus, L Nabosi, S Irshad, G Roemer, B Schreudergoidheijt, Shon Lewis
Cannabis-Induced Psychotic-Like Experiences Are Predicted By High Schizotypy. Confirmation Of Preliminary Results In A Large Cohort., John Stirling, Emma Barkus, L Nabosi, S Irshad, G Roemer, B Schreudergoidheijt, Shon Lewis
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background: Cannabis use has been identified as a possible risk factor for developing schizophrenia. In a previous paper we reported preliminary evidence that cannabis use increases the likelihood of psychosis-like experiences in non-clinical respondents who scored highly on a measure of schizotypy. We now present findings from pooled data from 3 new follow-up studies comprising a sample of 477 respondents, of whom 332 reported using cannabis at least once. Sampling and Methods: As in our previous study, the psychological effects of cannabis were assessed with the Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire, from which 3 subscales can be derived; encompassing pleasurable experiences, psychosis-like …
Variation Of The Omega-3 Content Of Australian Food Products, Yasmine Probst, Rebecca L. Thorne, Jane E. O'Shea, Holley-Anne Jones, Riikka Karkkainen, Sophie Guenon, Linda C. Tapsell
Variation Of The Omega-3 Content Of Australian Food Products, Yasmine Probst, Rebecca L. Thorne, Jane E. O'Shea, Holley-Anne Jones, Riikka Karkkainen, Sophie Guenon, Linda C. Tapsell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract from the 2008 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 30 November - 3 December 2008, Glenelg, Australia.
Working With Substance Misuse Problems In Private Practice, Peter Kelly
Working With Substance Misuse Problems In Private Practice, Peter Kelly
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Individuals experiencing alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems have typically been under represented within private practice. For example, in the general population the prevalence of substance use disorders (7.7%) is comparable to that of anxiety (9.7%) and affective disorders (5.8%; Andrews, Hall, Teesson & Henderson, 1999). However, a recent APS survey showed that while 48 per cent of people treated by psychologists under the Better Access initiative presented with anxiety or depression, only 6 per cent presented for assistance with substance misuse problems (Giese, Littlefield & Mathews, 2008). Recent changes to the Medicare system have largely reduced financial barriers, presenting …
The Challenges Of Nutrition And Aging, Linda C. Tapsell
The Challenges Of Nutrition And Aging, Linda C. Tapsell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
From the time of birth and throughout the lifecycle, the human organism depends on food and nutrients to sustain its growth, development and functionality. With increasing knowledge of biological processes within the human body, the term ‘you are what you eat’, takes on more and more meaning. One of the new levels of understanding relates to the interaction of food components with genes to set off cascades of events that affect health and disease (1). This new understanding provides a detailed view of the dynamic relationship between genes and the environment, represented through food. Our health, our lifespan, can be …
Food, Health And Nutrition: Where Does Chicken Fit?, Karen E. Charlton, Yasmine Probst, Linda C. Tapsell, Patrick J. Blackall
Food, Health And Nutrition: Where Does Chicken Fit?, Karen E. Charlton, Yasmine Probst, Linda C. Tapsell, Patrick J. Blackall
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The link between diet and health is important, given the prevalence of diet related disease, including obesity, in the Australian population. Consumers need to be able to discriminate between foods based on the nutritional contribution of each to a healthy diet. They also need to be able to discriminate between foods in a broader context, considering issues such as food safety, how the food is produced and the environmental consequences of its production. This review outlines the position of chicken in the Australian diet from a health, consumer and environmental perspective. Chicken can contribute to a healthy eating pattern. It …
Unrealistic Pessimism About Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease And Stroke In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Koula G. Asimakopoulou, Timothy Chas Skinner, Jennifer Spimpolo, Sally Marsh, Charles Fox
Unrealistic Pessimism About Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease And Stroke In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Koula G. Asimakopoulou, Timothy Chas Skinner, Jennifer Spimpolo, Sally Marsh, Charles Fox
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
OBJECTIVE: We examined the accuracy of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients risk estimates of developing Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)/ having a stroke as a consequence of diabetes and their mood about these risks. METHODS: Patients reported their perceived risks of developing CHD/ having a stroke and rated their mood about these risks using a self-report measure. Using an objective risk calculator, they were then told their actual risk of CHD and stroke and their mood was re-assessed. RESULTS: Patients estimates of their risk of CHD / stroke were grossly inflated. A negative relationship between disease risk and mood was also …
Time-To-Contact Perception During Simulated Night Landing, Gavin Prowse, Stephen A. Palmisano, Simone K. Favelle
Time-To-Contact Perception During Simulated Night Landing, Gavin Prowse, Stephen A. Palmisano, Simone K. Favelle
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
In 2 experiments, nonpilots made time-to-contact (TTC) judgments during simulated oblique descents toward a groundplane. Experiment 1 revealed a significant effect of simulated glideslope on TTC judgments: 3-degree simulations were underestimated, 6-degree simulations were generally accurate, and 9-degree simulations were overestimated. However, there was a significant reduction in this glideslope effect when the simulated aimpoint was explicitly (as opposed to implicitly) identified throughout the display. This glideslope effect was also found to disappear in Experiment 2, when aimpoint distance was held constant for all glideslopes, suggesting that TTC was being indirectly calculated based on perceived distance.