Outpatient Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing And Treatment Patterns In The United States: A Real-World Database Study, Rebecca Lillis, Louis Kuritzky, Zune Huynh, Rodney Arcenas, Avneet Hansra, Roma Shah, Baiyu Yang, Stephanie N. Taylor

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. Because symptoms of these infections often overlap with other urogenital infections, misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment can occur unless appropriate STI diagnostic testing is performed in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to describe STI diagnostic testing and antimicrobial treatment patterns and trends among adolescent and adult men and women with lower genitourinary tract symptoms (LGUTS). Methods: We analyzed insurance claims data from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases. Patients included were between 14 and 64 years old with …

Adenosine Metabolized From Extracellular Atp Ameliorates Organ Injury By Triggering A2br Signaling, Taha Kelestemur, Zoltán H Németh, Pal Pacher, Jennet Beesley, Simon C Robson, Holger K Eltzschig, György Haskó

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Trauma and a subsequent hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) result in insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues and multiple organ failure. Extracellular adenosine, which is a product of the extracellular degradation of adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) by the membrane-embedded enzymes CD39 and CD73, is organ protective, as it participates in signaling pathways, which promote cell survival and suppress inflammation through adenosine receptors including the A

METHODS: T/HS shock was induced by blood withdrawal from the femoral artery in wild-type, global knockout (CD39, CD73, A

RESULTS: T/HS upregulated the expression of CD39, CD73, and the A

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the CD39-CD73-A

Pediatric Streptococcal Pharyngitis Testing And Treatment Practices, Amanda Welch

Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this pilot quality improvement study was to implement SmartPhrases and assess its impact on adherence to the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guideline for Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis testing and treatment in pediatric patients ages 1-16 years old. The aim was to use SmartPhrases to improve adherence with the IDSA guideline by 30% for GAS pharyngitis swabbing and 10% for appropriate antibiotic prescribing in three months.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis approach was used, in reviewing SmartPhrases data from the electronic health records (EHR) in a metropolitan Urgent Care. This data were collected from …

Encouraging Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake: A Healthcare Improvement Project, Lauren E. Woll

Dissertations

Abstract

Problem: Human papillomaviruses are the causative agents of >95% of cervical cancers, most oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers, yet the vaccination status of the population remains critically low despite Gardasil9 offering robust protection against HPV-related disease.

Methods: This quality improvement project utilized a descriptive, observational design to assess the effect of the HPV Encouragement Bundle, a two-step intervention to improve HPV vaccine uptake. Quantitative data was collected via retrospective chart review to assess the effect of the intervention on first-dose administration of Gardasil9 (series initiation), as well as overall Gardasil9 vaccine uptake.

Results: Following implementation, Gardasil9 first dose uptake increased …

Implementation Of An Educational Teach-Back Program For Patients With Hypertension, Lakesha Hill

Dissertations

Implementation of an Educational Teach-back Program for Patients with Hypertension

Abstract

Problem: To improve health literacy and provide adequate health care to patients and their family, clear and effective dialogue is essential. The teach-back method is a technique utilized to confirm a patient’s level of understanding of care instructions done by relaying patient directions, and then confirming the patient understands by asking the patient to reiterate those directions. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to assess the effectiveness of using the teach-back method by health care professionals with their patients who have a diagnosis of hypertension or high …

Community Centred Co-Design Methodology For Designing And Implementing Socio-Behavioural Interventions To Counter Covid-19 Related Misinformation Among Marginalized Population Living In The Squatter Settlements Of Karachi, Pakistan: A Methodology Paper, Rubina Qasim, Waqas Ahmed Farooqui, Atiya Rahman, Rukhsana Haroon, Madiha Saleem, Muhammad Rafique, Fiza Noor, Afifa Ghani, Muhammad Yaqoob, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai

Community Health Sciences

Background: Misinformation regarding COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination is damaging COVID-19 vaccine trust and acceptance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Identification of misinformation and designing locally acceptable solutions are needed to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study aimed to utilize community-led co-design methodology to evaluate misinformation regarding COVID-19 and develop contextual interventions to address misinformation in a marginalized peri urban slum communities of Landhi town Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: This study was conducted between January and December 2021, in marginalized peri-urban slum dwellers of Muslimabad Colony, Landhi Town Karachi, Pakistan. We used a community-centred co-design methodology embedded within mixed study design …

Microbe Hunters, Paul De Kruif

Zea E-Books Collection

Microbe Hunters by Paul de Kruif was first published in 1926 by Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York. It dramatically recounts the breakthrough discoveries of the fundamental elements of bacteriology. It features exciting profiles of Antony Leeuwenhoek, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Émile Roux, Emil Behring, Élie Metchnikoff, Theobald Smith, David Bruce, Ronald Ross, Battista Grassi, Walter Reed, and Paul Ehrlich. Their development of germ theory and its scientific proofs led to the first effective treatments for human diseases like anthrax, rabies, diptheria, malaria, sleeping sickness, syphilis, and yellow fever. They also made discoveries that saved the dairy, wine, …

Proteoglycan 4 (Prg4)/Lubricin And The Extracellular Matrix In Gout, Khaled A. Elsaid, Gregory D. Jay, Ru Liu-Bryan, Robert Terkeltaub

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a mucinous glycoprotein secreted by synovial fibroblasts and superficial zone chondrocytes, released into synovial fluid, and adsorbed on cartilage and synovial surfaces. PRG4′s roles include cartilage boundary lubrication, synovial homeostasis, immunomodulation, and suppression of inflammation. Gouty arthritis is mediated by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal phagocytosis by synovial macrophages, with NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release. The phagocytic receptor CD44 mediates MSU crystal uptake by macrophages. By binding CD44, PRG4 limits MSU crystal uptake and downstream inflammation. PRG4/CD44 signaling is transduced by protein phosphatase 2A, which inhibits NF-κB, decreases xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), urate production, and ROS-mediated IL-1β …

High Glucose-Upregulated Pd-L1 Expression Through Ras Signaling-Driven Downregulation Of Ptrh1 Leads To Suppression Of T Cell Cytotoxic Function In Tumor Environment, Chenggang Gao, Jiaoshun Chen, Jianwei Bai, Haoxiang Zhang, Yanyi Tao, Shihong Wu, Hehe Li, Heshui Wu, Qiang Shen, Tao Yin

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Background: Nearly 80% of patients with pancreatic cancer suffer from glucose intolerance or diabetes. Pancreatic cancer complicated by diabetes has a more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and is associated with a worse prognosis. The relationship between glucose metabolism and programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is close and complex. It is important to explore the regulation of high glucose on PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer and its effect on infiltrating immune effectors in the tumor microenvironment. Methods: Diabetic murine models (C57BL/6) were used to reveal different immune landscape in euglycemic and hyperglycemic pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Bioinformatics, WB, iRIP [Improved RNA Binding …

Emt Activates Exocytotic Rabs To Coordinate Invasion And Immunosuppression In Lung Cancer, Guan-Yu Xiao, Xiaochao Tan, Bertha L Rodriguez, Don L Gibbons, Shike Wang, Chao Wu, Xin Liu, Jiang Yu, Mayra E Vasquez, Hai T Tran, Jun Xu, William K Russell, Cara Haymaker, Younghee Lee, Jianjun Zhang, Luisa Solis, Ignacio I Wistuba, Jonathan M Kurie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) underlies immunosuppression, drug resistance, and metastasis in epithelial malignancies. However, the way in which EMT orchestrates disparate biological processes remains unclear. Here, we identify an EMT-activated vesicular trafficking network that coordinates promigratory focal adhesion dynamics with an immunosuppressive secretory program in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The EMT-activating transcription factor ZEB1 drives exocytotic vesicular trafficking by relieving Rab6A, Rab8A, and guanine nucleotide exchange factors from miR-148a-dependent silencing, thereby facilitating MMP14-dependent focal adhesion turnover in LUAD cells and autotaxin-mediated CD8

Undetectable Measurable Residual Disease Is Associated With Improved Outcomes In Aml Irrespective Of Treatment Intensity, Alexandre Bazinet, Tapan Kadia, Nicholas J Short, Gautam Borthakur, Sa A Wang, Wei Wang, Sanam Loghavi, Jeffrey Jorgensen, Keyur Patel, Courtney Dinardo, Naval Daver, Yesid Alvarado, Fadi G Haddad, Sherry Pierce, Graciela Nogueras Gonzalez, Abhishek Maiti, Koji Sasaki, Musa Yilmaz, Philip Thompson, William Wierda, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Michael Andreeff, Elias Jabbour, Marina Konopleva, Xuelin Huang, Hagop Kantarjian, Farhad Ravandi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be treated with either high- or low-intensity regimens. Highly sensitive assays for measurable residual disease (MRD) now allow for a more precise assessment of response quality. We hypothesized that treatment (Rx) intensity may not be a key predictor of outcomes, assuming that an optimal response to therapy is achieved. We performed a single-center retrospective study including 635 patients with newly diagnosed AML responding to either intensive cytarabine/anthracycline-based chemotherapy (IA; n = 385) or low-intensity venetoclax-based regimens (LOW + VEN; n = 250) and who had adequate flow cytometry-based MRD testing performed at the time of …

Myc Regulates Csf1 Expression Via Microrna 17/20a To Modulate Tumor-Associated Macrophages In Osteosarcoma, Bikesh K Nirala, Tajhal D Patel, Lyazat Kurenbekova, Ryan Shuck, Atreyi Dasgupta, Nino Rainusso, Cristian Coarfa, Jason T Yustein

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor of childhood. Approximately 20%-30% of OSs carry amplification of chromosome 8q24, which harbors the oncogene c-MYC and correlates with a poor prognosis. To understand the mechanisms that underlie the ability of MYC to alter both the tumor and its surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), we generated and molecularly characterized an osteoblast-specific Cre-Lox-Stop-Lox-c-MycT58A p53fl/+ knockin genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). Phenotypically, the Myc-knockin GEMM had rapid tumor development with a high incidence of metastasis. MYC-dependent gene signatures in our murine model demonstrated significant homology to the human hyperactivated MYC OS. We established that …

The Neutralization Of The Eosinophil Peroxidase Antibody Accelerates Eosinophilic Mucin Decomposition, Panagiotis Doukas, Jan Paul Frese, Thorsten Eierhoff, Gabriel Hellfritsch, Ben Raude, Michael J Jacobs, Andreas Greiner, Alexander Oberhuber, Alexander Gombert

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after complex aortic procedures and it is associated with relevant mortality and morbidity. Biomarkers for early and specific AKI detection are lacking. The aim of this work is to investigate the reliability of the NephroCheck bedside system for diagnosing stage 3 AKI following open aortic surgery. In this prospective, multicenter, observational study,- https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04087161 -we included 45 patients undergoing open thoracoabdominal aortic repair. AKI risk (AKIRisk-Index) was calculated from urine samples at 5 timepoints: baseline, immediately postoperatively and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-surgery. AKIs were classified according to the KDIGO …

A Phase 1/2 Study Of Azacitidine, Venetoclax And Pevonedistat In Newly Diagnosed Secondary Aml And In Mds Or Cmmlafter Failure Of Hypomethylating Agents, Nicholas J Short, Muharrem Muftuoglu, Faustine Ong, Lewis Nasr, Walid Macaron, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Yesid Alvarado, Mahesh Basyal, Naval Daver, Courtney D Dinardo, Gautam Borthakur, Nitin Jain, Maro Ohanian, Elias Jabbour, Ghayas C Issa, Wei Qiao, Xuelin Huang, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Keyur P Patel, Prithviraj Bose, Farhad Ravandi, Ricardo Delumpa, Regina Abramova, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Michael Andreeff, Jorge Cortes, Hagop Kantarjian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Pevonedistat is a first-in-class, small molecular inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme that has clinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Preclinical data suggest synergy of pevonedistat with azacitidine and venetoclax.

METHODS: This single-center, phase 1/2 study evaluated the combination of azacitidine, venetoclax and pevonedistat in older adults with newly diagnosed secondary AML or with MDS or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) after failure of hypomethylating agents. Patients received azacitidine 75 mg/m

FINDINGS: Forty patients were enrolled (32 with AML and 8 with MDS/CMML). In the AML cohort, the median age was 74 years (range 61-86 years), and …

Opportunistic Detection Of Type 2 Diabetes Using Deep Learning From Frontal Chest Radiographs, Ayis Pyrros, Stephen M. Borstelmann, Ramana Mantravadi, Zachary Zaiman, Kaesha Thomas, Brandon Price, Eugene Greenstein, Nasir Siddiqui, Melinda Willis, Ihar Shulhan, John Hines-Shah, Jeanne M. Horowitz, Paul Nikolaidis, Matthew P. Lungren, Jorge Mario Rodríguez-Fernández, Judy Wawira Gichoya, Sanmi Koyejo, Adam E. Flanders, Nishith Khandwala, Amit Gupta, John W. Garrett, Joseph Paul Cohen, Brian T. Layden, Perry J. Pickhardt, William Galanter

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Deep learning (DL) models can harness electronic health records (EHRs) to predict diseases and extract radiologic findings for diagnosis. With ambulatory chest radiographs (CXRs) frequently ordered, we investigated detecting type 2 diabetes (T2D) by combining radiographic and EHR data using a DL model. Our model, developed from 271,065 CXRs and 160,244 patients, was tested on a prospective dataset of 9,943 CXRs. Here we show the model effectively detected T2D with a ROC AUC of 0.84 and a 16% prevalence. The algorithm flagged 1,381 cases (14%) as suspicious for T2D. External validation at a distinct institution yielded a ROC AUC of …

Mitophagy Promotes Resistance To Bh3 Mimetics In Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Christina Glytsou, Xufeng Chen, Emmanouil Zacharioudakis, Wafa Al-Santli, Hua Zhou, Bettina Nadorp, Soobeom Lee, Audrey Lasry, Zhengxi Sun, Dimitrios Papaioannou, Michael Cammer, Kun Wang, Tomasz Zal, Malgorzata Anna Zal, Bing Z Carter, Jo Ishizawa, Raoul Tibes, Aristotelis Tsirigos, Michael Andreeff, Evripidis Gavathiotis, Iannis Aifantis

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BH3 mimetics are used as an efficient strategy to induce cell death in several blood malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Venetoclax, a potent BCL-2 antagonist, is used clinically in combination with hypomethylating agents for the treatment of AML. Moreover, MCL1 or dual BCL-2/BCL-xL antagonists are under investigation. Yet, resistance to single or combinatorial BH3-mimetic therapies eventually ensues. Integration of multiple genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens revealed that loss of mitophagy modulators sensitizes AML cells to various BH3 mimetics targeting different BCL-2 family members. One such regulator is MFN2, whose protein levels positively correlate with drug resistance in patients with AML. MFN2 …

Vitamin B2 Enables Regulation Of Fasting Glucose Availability, Peter M Masschelin, Pradip Saha, Scott A Ochsner, Aaron R Cox, Kang Ho Kim, Jessica B Felix, Robert Sharp, Xin Li, Lin Tan, Jun Hyoung Park, Liping Wang, Vasanta Putluri, Philip L Lorenzi, Alli M Nuotio-Antar, Zheng Sun, Benny Abraham Kaipparettu, Nagireddy Putluri, David D Moore, Scott A Summers, Neil J Mckenna, Sean M Hartig

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) interacts with flavoproteins to mediate oxidation-reduction reactions required for cellular energy demands. Not surprisingly, mutations that alter FAD binding to flavoproteins cause rare inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) that disrupt liver function and render fasting intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and lipodystrophy. In our study, depleting FAD pools in mice with a vitamin B2-deficient diet (B2D) caused phenotypes associated with organic acidemias and other IEMs, including reduced body weight, hypoglycemia, and fatty liver disease. Integrated discovery approaches revealed B2D tempered fasting activation of target genes for the nuclear receptor PPARα, including those required for gluconeogenesis. We also found …

Balloon Dilatation In The Management Of Congenital Obstructive Lesions Of The Heart: Review Of Author's Experiences And Observations-Part Ii, P Syamasundar Rao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

While investigating the outcomes of balloon dilatation procedures in patients with congenital obstructive lesions of the heart, several parallel observations were made. The purpose of this review is to present these observations/phenomena/innovations related to balloon dilatation of pulmonary stenosis (PS), aortic stenosis (AS), and aortic coarctation (AC). In subjects who had balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV), development of infundibular obstruction, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, changes in right ventricular filling, role of balloon/annulus ratios on the results of BPV, and double balloon vs. single balloon BPV will be reviewed. In patients who had balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV), causes of aortic insufficiency and trans-umbilical …

Cancer Cell-Specific Cgas/Sting Signaling Pathway In The Era Of Advancing Cancer Cell Biology, Vijay Kumar, Caitlin Bauer, John H. Stewart

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are critical to recognizing endogenous and exogenous threats to mount a protective proinflammatory innate immune response. PRRs may be located on the outer cell membrane, cytosol, and nucleus. The cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a cytosolic PRR system. Notably, cGAS is also present in the nucleus. The cGAS-mediated recognition of cytosolic dsDNA and its cleavage into cGAMP activates STING. Furthermore, STING activation through its downstream signaling triggers different interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs), initiating the release of type 1 interferons (IFNs) and NF-κB-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines and molecules. Activating cGAS/STING generates type 1 IFN, which may prevent cellular transformation …

Yes-Associated Protein-1 Overexpression In Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia; A Potential Diagnostic Marker And Therapeutic Target, Peter Julius, Stepfanie N. Siyumbwa, Fred Maate, Phyllis Moonga, Guobin Kang, Trevor Kaile, John T. West, Charles Wood, Peter C. Angeletti

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP-1) is a Hippo system transcription factor, which serves as an oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma, and several solid tumors when the Hippo pathway is dysregulated. Yet, the activity of YAP-1 in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) has not been determined. Here, we investigate the relationship between YAP-1 overexpression and OSSN. Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 227 OSSN patients from the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess YAP-1 protein overexpression in tumor tissue relative to surrounding benign squamous epithelium. OSSN patient samples (preinvasive, n = 62, 27% and invasive, n = …

A Phase Ib/Ii Study Of Ivosidenib With Venetoclax ± Azacitidine In Idh1-Mutated Myeloid Malignancies, Curtis A Lachowiez, Sanam Loghavi, Zhihong Zeng, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Yi June Kim, Hidetaka Uryu, Sven Turkalj, Niels Asger Jakobsen, Marlise R Luskin, Dzifa Y Duose, Rebecca S S Tidwell, Nicholas J Short, Gautam Borthakur, Tapan M Kadia, Lucia Masarova, George D Tippett, Prithviraj Bose, Elias J Jabbour, Farhad Ravandi, Naval G Daver, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hagop Kantarjian, Jacqueline S Garcia, Paresh Vyas, Koichi Takahashi, Marina Konopleva, Courtney D Dinardo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

UNLABELLED: The safety and efficacy of combining the isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) inhibitor ivosidenib (IVO) with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN; IVO + VEN) ± azacitidine (AZA; IVO + VEN + AZA) were evaluated in four cohorts of patients with IDH1-mutated myeloid malignancies (n = 31). Most (91%) adverse events were grade 1 or 2. The maximal tolerated dose was not reached. Composite complete remission with IVO + VEN + AZA versus IVO + VEN was 90% versus 83%. Among measurable residual disease (MRD)-evaluable patients (N = 16), 63% attained MRD--negative remissions; IDH1 mutation clearance occurred in 64% of patients receiving …

Phenotype And Genotype Heterogeneity Of Pla2g6-Associated Neurodegeneration In A Cohort Of Pediatric And Adult Patients, Ali Zare Dehnavi, Maryam Bemanalizadeh, Seyyed Mohammad Kahani, Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi, Mohammad Rohani, Mehran Beiraghi Toosi, Morteza Heidari, Sareh Hosseinpour, Behnam Amini, Shaghayegh Zokaei, Zahra Rezaei, Hajar Aryan, Man Amanat, Hassan Vahidnezhad, Pouria Mohammadi, Masoud Garshasbi, Ali Reza Tavasoli

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Phospholipase-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) caused by mutations in the PLA2G6 gene is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that presents with four sub-groups. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism are the main two subtypes. In this cohort, we reviewed clinical, imaging, and genetic features of 25 adult and pediatric patients harboring variants in the PLA2G6.

METHODS: An extensive review of the patients' data was carried out. Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale (INAD-RS) was used for evaluating the severity and progression of INAD patients. Whole-exome sequencing was used to determine the disease's underlying etiology followed by co-segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing. In …

Evaluating The Generalizability Of Predictive Classifiers Built From Desi Imaging Lipid Data Across Mass Spectrometry Platformsjournal Of The American Society For Mass Spectrometry, Rachel J Dehoog, Monica Lin, Gregory Roman, Roy Martin, James Suliburk, Livia S Eberlin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In this study, we evaluate the generalizability of predictive classifiers built from DESI lipid data for thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy analysis and classification using two high-performance mass spectrometers (time-of-flight and orbitrap) suited with different DESI imaging sources operated by different users. The molecular profiles obtained from thyroid samples with the different platforms presented similar trends, although specific differences in ion abundances were observed. When using a previously published statistical model built to discriminate thyroid cancer from benign thyroid tissues to predict on a new independent data set obtained, agreement for 24 of the 30 samples across the imaging …

A Comprehensive Analysis Of Lung Cancer Highlighting Epidemiological Factors And Psychiatric Comorbidities From The All Of Us Research Program, Vikram R Shaw, Jinyoung Byun, Rowland W Pettit, Younghun Han, David A Hsiou, Luke A Nordstrom, Christopher I Amos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Investigating epidemiological and clinical parameters can contribute to an improved understanding of disease development and management. In this cross-sectional, case-control study, we used the All of Us database to compare healthcare access, family history, smoking-related behaviors, and psychiatric comorbidities in light smoking controls, matched smoking controls, and primary and secondary lung cancer patients. We found a decreased odds of primary lung cancer patients versus matched smoking controls reporting inability to afford follow-up or specialist care. Additionally, we found a significantly increased odds of secondary lung cancer patients …

Current Oral Hygiene And Recreational Behavioral Trends In Hiv Disease, Donald E. Mercante, Emily Guarisco, Elizabeth A. Lilly, Arni Rao, Kelly Treas, Clifford J. Beall, Zach Thompson, Ann L. Griffen, Eugene J. Leys, Jose A. Vazquez, Michael E. Hagensee, Paul L. Fidel

School of Dentistry Faculty Publications

Objective: HIV disease is evolving with more HIV+ persons experiencing a high quality of life with well-controlled viremia. We recently enrolled a large cohort of HIV+ and clinically relevant HIV− persons for oral microbiome analyses that included a questionnaire related to oral hygiene and recreational behaviors. Here, the questionnaire responses were analyzed for behavioral trends within the cohort, together with trends over time by comparison to a previous geographically centered HIV+ cohort. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire at baseline visits as cross-sectional assessments. Multivariable analyses were conducted for associations of HIV status as well as age, race, and sex, …

Effects Of A High Salt Diet On Blood Pressure Dipping And The Implications On Hypertension, Jesse Viggiano, Dominic Joseph Coutinho, Maya Clark-Cutaia, Diana Martinez

Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Departmental Research

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Salt intake has been shown to have a significant impact on BP, but the mechanisms by which it influences the blood pressure dipping pattern, and 24-h blood pressure remains controversial. This literature review aims to both summarize the current evidence on high salt diet induced hypertension and discuss the epidemiological aspects including socioeconomic issues in the United States and abroad. Our review indicates that a high salt diet is associated with a blunted nocturnal blood pressure dipping pattern, which is characterized by a reduced decrease …

Effects Of Sex And Estrous Cycle On Intravenous Oxycodone Self-Administration And The Reinstatement Of Oxycodone-Seeking Behavior In Rats, Nicole M. Hinds, Ireneusz D. Wojtas, Corinne A. Gallagher, Claire M. Corbett, Daniel F. Manvich

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

The increasing misuse of both prescription and illicit opioids has culminated in a national healthcare crisis in the United States. Oxycodone is among the most widely prescribed and misused opioid pain relievers and has been associated with a high risk for transition to compulsive opioid use. Here, we sought to examine potential sex differences and estrous cycle-dependent effects on the reinforcing efficacy of oxycodone, as well as on stress-induced or cue-induced oxycodone-seeking behavior, using intravenous (IV) oxycodone self-administration and reinstatement procedures. In experiment 1, adult male and female Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer 0.03 mg/kg/inf oxycodone according to a …

Association Between Historical Neighborhood Redlining And Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Us Veterans With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases, Salil V. Deo, Issam Motairek, Khurram Nasir, Amgad Mentias, Yakov Elgudin, Salim S. Virani, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Sadeer Al-Kindi

Office of the Provost

Importance: In the 1930s, the government-sponsored Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) established maps of US neighborhoods that identified mortgage risk (grade A [green] characterizing lowest-risk neighborhoods in the US through mechanisms that transcend traditional risk factors to grade D [red] characterizing highest risk). This practice led to disinvestments and segregation in neighborhoods considered redlined. Very few studies have targeted whether there is an association between redlining and cardiovascular disease.
Objective: To evaluate whether redlining is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in US veterans.
Design, setting, and participants: In this longitudinal cohort study, US veterans were followed up (January 1, 2016, …

The Swi/Snf Chromatin-Remodeling Subunit Dpf2 Facilitates Nrf2-Dependent Antiinflammatory And Antioxidant Gene Expression, Gloria Mas, Na Man, Yuichiro Nakata, Concepcion Martinez-Caja, Daniel Karl, Felipe Beckedorff, Francesco Tamiro, Chuan Chen, Stephanie Duffort, Hidehiro Itonaga, Adnan K Mookhtiar, Kranthi Kunkalla, Alfredo M Valencia, Clayton K Collings, Cigall Kadoch, Francisco Vega, Scott C Kogan, Ramin Shiekhattar, Lluis Morey, Daniel Bilbao, Stephen D Nimer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

During emergency hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rapidly proliferate to produce myeloid and lymphoid effector cells, a response that is critical against infection or tissue injury. If unresolved, this process leads to sustained inflammation, which can cause life-threatening diseases and cancer. Here, we identify a role of double PHD fingers 2 (DPF2) in modulating inflammation. DPF2 is a defining subunit of the hematopoiesis-specific BAF (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex, and it is mutated in multiple cancers and neurological disorders. We uncovered that hematopoiesis-specific Dpf2-KO mice developed leukopenia, severe anemia, and lethal systemic inflammation characterized by histiocytic and fibrotic tissue infiltration resembling a …

Conditional Metastasis Of Uveal Melanoma In 8091 Patients Over Half-Century (51 Years) By Age Group: Assessing The Entire Population And The Extremes Of Age, Carol L. Shields, Annika Samuelson, Glenn Oh, Joseph D. Desimone, Zaynab Sajjadi, Zeynep Bas, Nicholas E Kalafatis, Sara E. Lally, Jerry A. Shields, Philip W. Dockery

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To evaluate cumulative incidence of metastasis at specific timepoints after treatment of uveal melanoma in a large cohort of patients and to provide comparison of conditional outcomes in the youngest and oldest cohorts (extremes of age).

METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 8091 consecutive patients with uveal melanoma at a single center over a 51-year period. The patients were categorized by age at presentation (0-29 years [n = 348, 4%], 30-59 years [n = 3859, 48%], 60-79 years [n = 3425, 42%], 80 to 99 years [n = 459, 6%]) and evaluated for nonconditional (from presentation date) and conditional (from specific …