Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Epidemiology Of Diabetic Foot Infection In The Metro-Detroit Area With A Focus On Independent Predictors For Pathogens Resistant To Recommended Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy, Oryan Henig, Jason M. Pogue, Raymond Cha, Paul E. Kilgore, Umar Hayat, Mahmoud Ja'ara, Raza Muhamad Ali, Salman Mahboob, Rahul Pansare, Kathryn Deeds, Bushra Joarder, Hyndavi Kandala, Sorabh Dhar, Keith S. Kaye

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Background. The polymicrobial nature of diabetic foot infection (DFI) and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance have complicated DFI treatment. Current treatment guidelines for deep DFI recommend coverage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and susceptible Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of DFI and to identify predictors for DFI associated with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and pathogens resistant to recommended treatment (PRRT).

Methods. Adult patients admitted to Detroit Medical Center from January 2012 to December 2015 with DFI and positive cultures were included. Demographics, comorbidities, microbiological history, sepsis severity, and antimicrobial use within 3 months before DFI were obtained …

Hand Issues On Scleroderma Patients, Ana Font Hernandez

Publications and Research

Based on the design of a 3D-printed spoon prototype, we surveyed scleroderma patients about the device's value. 75% of patients mentioned having problems on their hands due to scleroderma. 85% of patients said their hand form changed because of the disease. Answers to the frequency or speed of the changes provide inconclusive results. The 3D printing technology has the potential to solve specific issues scleroderma patients face in their daily lives. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully understand how hands shape change over time.

Editorial: Ion Channel Trafficking And Cardiac Arrhythmias, Marcel A. G. Van Der Heyden, Brian P. Delisle, Hugues Abriel

Physiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Griffithsin Carrageenan Fast Dissolving Inserts Prevent Shiv Hsv-2 And Hpv Infections In Vivo, Nina Derby, Manjari Lal, Meropi Aravatinou, Larisa Kizima, Patrick Barnable, Axia Rodriguez, Manshun Lai, Asa Wesenberg, Shweta Ugaonkar, Keith Levendosky, Olga Mizenina, Kyle Kleinbeck, Jeffrey D. Lifson, M. Melissa Peet, Zachary Lloyd, Michael Benson, Walid Heneine, Barry R. O'Keefe, Melissa Robbiani, Elena Martinelli, Brooke Grasperge, James Blanchard, Agegnehu Gettie, Natalia Teleshova, José Fernández-Romero, Thomas M. Zydowsky

Publications and Research

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) strategies with proven in vivo efficacy rely on antiretroviral drugs, creating the potential for drug resistance and complicated treatment options in individuals who become infected. Moreover, ondemand products are currently missing from the PrEP development portfolio. Griffithsin (GRFT) is a non-antiretroviral HIV entry inhibitor derived from red algae with an excellent safety profile and potent activity in vitro. When combined with carrageenan (CG), GRFT has strong activity against herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report that GRFT/CG in a freeze-dried fast dissolving insert (FDI) …

The Chapman Bone Algorithm: A Diagnostic Alternative For The Evaluation Of Osteoporosis, Elise Levesque, Anton Ketterer, Wajiha Memon, Cameron James, Noah Barrett, Cyril Rakovski, Frank Frisch

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease and goes largely undiagnosed throughout the world, due to the inaccessibility of DXA machines. Multivariate analyses of serum bone turnover markers were evaluated in 226 Orange County, California, residents with the intent to determine if serum osteocalcin and serum pyridinoline cross-links could be used to detect the onset of osteoporosis as effectively as a DXA scan. Descriptive analyses of the demographic and lab characteristics of the participants were performed through frequency, means and standard deviation estimations. We implemented logistic regression modeling to find the best classification algorithm for osteoporosis. All calculations and …

De-Airing Method Of An Axial Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Influences Post-Operative Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels: A Possible Explanation For Some Episodes Of Pump Thrombosis, Daizo Tanaka, Saif Rizvi, Andrew Boyle, Md, John W..C. Entwistle

The VAD Journal

Background

Pump thrombosis (PT) is a relatively uncommon but serious complication of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). We believe that de-airing of the HeartMate II (HMII) with the pump turned on and a clamp across the outflow graft may lead to early thrombus formation due to heat generation on the bearings.

Methods

Patients who underwent HMII implantation from November 2012 to February 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were separated into two groups depending on the timing of removing the clamp from the outflow graft. Patients in Group 1 underwent de-airing by turning on the pump with the vascular clamp …

Routine, Opt-Out Hiv Testing In A Rural Emergency Department, Ciarra Jm Dortche

9th Annual Rural HIV Research & Training Conference (2014-2019) (Archived)

There are approximately 1,800 people living with HIV in eastern North Carolina and are unaware of their infection. A decade ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued revised recommendations to routinely test for HIV in various settings, including emergency departments. We used those guidelines to test adults, treat those unaware of their infection, and re-link others to care.

Astrocyte Activation And The Calcineurin/Nfat Pathway In Cerebrovascular Disease, Susan D. Kraner, Christopher M. Norris

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Calcineurin (CN) is a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase with high abundance in nervous tissue. Though enriched in neurons, CN can become strongly induced in subsets of activated astrocytes under different pathological conditions where it interacts extensively with the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs). Recent work has shown that regions of small vessel damage are associated with the upregulation of a proteolized, highly active form of CN in nearby astrocytes, suggesting a link between the CN/NFAT pathway and chronic cerebrovascular disease. In this Mini Review article, we discuss CN/NFAT signaling properties in the context of vascular disease and …

Justice Served Fresh: Associations Between Food Insecurity, Community Gardening, And Property Value, Micajah Daniels, Courtney Coughenour Ph.D

McNair Poster Presentations

Numerous stakeholders in Nevada have used a variety of efforts to combat the growth of food insecurity facing Nevadans. The purpose of this research project is to understand the association between food insecurity, community gardens, and property value. Following the wealth of scholarship on these topics and data collected from community garden agencies in Southern Nevada, the research questions for this project include: (1) Where are community gardens located in SNV? (2) What efforts community gardens agencies are doing to address food insecurity (most interested in their efforts using community gardens)? (3) What are the perceptions of supports and barriers …

Roche Phase 3 Clinical Trial For Huntington’S Disease Gene-Slicing Drug To Enroll Volunteers In Early 2019, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Myocyte [Na+]I Dysregulation In Heart Failure And Diabetic Cardiomyopathy, Sanda Despa

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

By controlling the function of various sarcolemmal and mitochondrial ion transporters, intracellular Na⁺ concentration ([Na⁺]_i) regulates Ca²⁺ cycling, electrical activity, the matching of energy supply and demand, and oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes. Thus, maintenance of myocyte Na⁺ homeostasis is vital for preserving the electrical and contractile activity of the heart. [Na⁺]_i is set by the balance between the passive Na⁺ entry through numerous pathways and the pumping of Na⁺ out of the cell by the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. This equilibrium is perturbed in heart failure, …

In Vivo Brainstem Imaging In Alzheimer’S Disease: Potential For Biomarker Development, David J. Braun, Linda J. Van Eldik

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

The dearth of effective treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the largest public health issues worldwide, costing hundreds of billions of dollars per year. From a therapeutic standpoint, research efforts to date have met with strikingly little clinical success. One major issue is that trials begin after substantial pathological change has occurred, and it is increasingly clear that the most effective treatment regimens will need to be administered earlier in the disease process. In order to identify individuals within the long preclinical phase of AD who are likely to progress to dementia, improvements are required in biomarker development. …

Brain Endothelial Erythrophagocytosis And Hemoglobin Transmigration Across Brain Endothelium: Implications For Pathogenesis Of Cerebral Microbleeds, Rudy Chang, Juan Castillo, Alexander C. Zambon, Tatiana B. Krasieva, Mark J. Fisher, Rachita K. Sumbria

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Peripheral endothelial cells are capable of erythrophagocytosis, but data on brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis are limited. We studied the relationship between brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis and cerebral microhemorrhage, the pathological substrate of MRI-demonstrable cerebral microbleeds. To demonstrate the erythrophagocytic capability of the brain endothelium, we studied the interactions between brain endothelial cells and red blood cells exposed to oxidative stress in vitro, and developed a new in vitro cerebral microbleeds model to study the subsequent passage of hemoglobin across the brain endothelial monolayer. Using multiple approaches, our results show marked brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis of red blood cells exposed to oxidative stress compared …

Genetic Determinants Of Telomere Length In African American Youth, Andrew M. Zeiger, Marquitta J. White, Celeste Eng, Sam S. Oh, Jonathan Witonsky, Pagé C. Goddard, Maria G. Contreras, Jennifer R. Elhawary, Donglei Hu, Angel C. Y. Mak, Eunice Y. Lee, Kevin L. Keys, Lesly-Anne Samedy, Oona Risse Adams, Joaquín Magaña, Scott Huntsman, Sandra Salazar, Adam Davis, Kelley Meade, Emerita Brigino-Buenaventura, Michael A. Lenoir, Harold J. Farber, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Luisa N. Borrell, Esteban G. Burchard

Publications and Research

Telomere length (TL) is associated with numerous disease states and is affected by genetic and environmental factors. However, TL has been mostly studied in adult populations of European or Asian ancestry. These studies have identified 34 TL-associated genetic variants recently used as genetic proxies for TL. The generalizability of these associations to pediatric populations and racially diverse populations, specifically of African ancestry, remains unclear. Furthermore, six novel variants associated with TL in a population of European children have been identified but not validated. We measured TL from whole blood samples of 492 healthy African American youth (children and adolescents between …

Interfering With Dna Decondensation As A Strategy Against Mycobacteria, Enzo M. Scutigliani, Edwin R. Scholl, Anita E. Grootemaat, Sadhana Khanal, Jakub A. Kochan, Przemek M. Krawczyk, Eric A. Reits, Atefeh Garzan, Huy X. Ngo, Keith D. Green, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova, Jan M. Ruijter, Henk A. Van Veen, Nicole N. Van Der Wel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Tuberculosis is once again a major global threat, leading to more than 1 million deaths each year. Treatment options for tuberculosis patients are limited, expensive and characterized by severe side effects, especially in the case of multidrug-resistant forms. Uncovering novel vulnerabilities of the pathogen is crucial to generate new therapeutic strategies. Using high resolution microscopy techniques, we discovered one such vulnerability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrate that the DNA of M. tuberculosis can condense under stressful conditions such as starvation and antibiotic treatment. The DNA condensation is reversible and specific for viable bacteria. Based on these observations, we hypothesized …

Compound Heterozygosity For A Whole Gene Deletion And P.R124c Mutation In Cyp21a2 Causing Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Hamza Nasir, Syed Ibaad Ali, N Haque, Stefan K. Grebe, Salman Kirmani

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

We present a family with 2 members who received long-term steroid treatment for presumed classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, until molecular testing revealed nonclassic CAH, not necessarily requiring treatment. A 17-year-old male presented to our clinic on glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment for classic CAH. He was diagnosed at 4 years of age based on mild-moderate elevations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), but without evidence of precocious adrenarche/puberty. Due to his diagnosis, his clinically asymptomatic 3-year-old sister was tested and also found to have elevated ACTH and 17-OHP levels and was started on glucocorticoids for …

Men’S Health In Industries: Plastic Plant Pollution And Prevalence Of Pre-Diabetes And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Faris Jamal Almutairi, Majed Mohammed Alasbali, Turki Badr Alqahtani, Saad Saeed Almutairi, Rakan Abdulaziz Albuhayjan, Fawziah Al Rouq, Naseer Ahmed

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Plastic production is prominently increasing and its pollution is an emerging environmental global health concern. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among nonsmoking plastic industry workers. Three hundred and forty volunteers male plastic industry workers were interviewed after medical history and examination; finally, 278 nonsmoking plastic industry workers were selected. The mean age for the participants was 38.03 ± 10.86 years and body mass index was 25.52 ± 3.15 (kg/m)². The plastic industry workers had been exposed to plastic plant pollution for 8 hr daily, 6 days in a …

Effect Of Exercise Volume On Hdl-Cholesterol: A 7-Year Case Study, David P. Swain

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Introduction: While exercise is known to increase HDL-cholesterol, it is not known if larger exercise volumes produce larger increases in HDL. However, the range of exercise volumes used in most training studies is limited. This report presents a case study of a middle-aged male who engaged in large variations of exercise volume over 7 years while frequently measuring HDL. The purpose was to determine if large increases in exercise volume were associated with larger increases in HDL than previously reported.

Methods: The subject maintained detailed logs of his main form of exercise, bicycling. These logs were analyzed to determine the …

Strategies Involving The Food-Derived Agent Curcumin To Eliminate Brain Cancer, Sumit Mukherjee

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most deadly forms of cancer with a mean 5-year survival rate of ≤5%. We have used the non-invasive strategy of long-term intranasal (IN) delivery of a glioblastoma-directed adduct of curcumin (CC), CC-CD68Ab, into the brain of murine GBM cell line GL261-implanted mice to study the therapeutic effect of CC on GBM remission. The treatment caused GBM tumor remission in 50% of GL261-implanted GBM mice. A similar rescue rate (60%) was also achieved through long-term intraperitoneal (i.p) infusion of a highly bioavailable phosphotidylcholine (PC)-encapsulated formulation of CC, Curcumin Phytosome Meriva (CCP), into the GL261-implanted GBM …

Mechanisms Adopted By Dengue-2 Viruses To Induce Autophagy In Mammalian Cells, Sounak Ghosh Roy

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Dengue, the most rapidly spreading flavivirus, threatens to affect almost half of the human global population. We previously showed that dengue-2 protects canine kidney cells (MDCK) from cytotoxic chemicals. We showed, independently, that cell protection, as well as viral replication and maturation, are positively regulated by PI3K-dependent autophagy. However, we had not identified the specific pathway that induces autophagy in infected cells. The current study explores the role of a specific branch of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway in the induction of autophagy by …

Hypermethylation Of Mir21 In Cd4+ T Cells From Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Associates With Lower Mirna-21 Levels And Concomitant Up-Regulation Of Its Target Genes, Sabrina Ruhrmann, Ewoud Ewing, Eliane Piket, Lara Kular, Julio Cesar Cetrulo Lorenzi, Sunjay Jude Fernandes, Hiromasa Morikawa, Shahin Aeinehband, Sergi Sayols-Baixeras, Stella Aslibekyan, Devin M. Absher, Donna K. Arnett, Jesper Tegner, David Gomez-Cabrero, Fredrik Piehl, Maja Jagodic

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system caused by genetic and environmental factors. DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism that controls genome activity, may provide a link between genetic and environmental risk factors.

Objective: We sought to identify DNA methylation changes in CD4+ T cells in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR-MS) and secondary-progressive (SP-MS) disease and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: We performed DNA methylation analysis in CD4+ T cells from RR-MS, SP-MS, and HC and associated identified changes with the nearby risk allele, smoking, age, and gene expression.

Results: We observed significant methylation differences in …

Giant Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipomas In Two Chinese Families With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Qiuli Liu, Lin-Ang Wang, Jian Su, Dali Tong, Weihua Lan, Luofu Wang, Gaolei Liu, Jun Zhang, Victor Wei Zhang, Dianzheng Zhang, Rongrong Chen, Qingyi Zhu, Jun Jiang

PCOM Scholarly Works

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the most prevalent, and potentially severe, genetic inborn errors of steroid synthesis directly affecting metabolism. Most patients are diagnosed and treated at an early age. There have been very limited reports of adults with CAH-associated adrenal myelolipomas. We aimed to analyze two families with CAH-associated giant adrenal myelolipomas caused by defects in CYP21A2 and CYP17A1 genes.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 14 individuals from two unrelated families were identified with either CYP21A2 or CYP17A1 mutations. Of note, 5 patients were found with adrenal myelolipomas. Total DNA isolated from the …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Positively Associated With Waist To Height Ratio And School Socio Economic Status In Irish Primary School Aged Children, M. O'Leary, E. Rush, Seán Lacey, Con Burns, Tara Coppinger

Publications

Background; The purpose of this paper is to examine any association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and markers of health among 6 and 10 year old Irish children. Methods; A total of 917 children (6 year olds, N=459; 10 year olds, N=458) from 11 primary schools in Cork (Ireland) participated. Body composition, blood pressure (BP), CRF (550-metre distance run) and school socio-economic status (SES) were assessed. Children were classified as low or high fitness based on run-time standard deviation scores (SDS). Physical activity (PA) determined over 1 week by accelerometry was collected from a sub sample of 700 children (76.3%). Results; …

Case Report: A Hard Cyst To Swallow, Anjalee Choudhury, Joshua Wood, Kristan Diaz-Rios, Jyothi Swarup

School of Medicine Publications

One day old neonate was born at 37 weeks gestation to a 41-year-old Gravida 5 Para 5 born via uncomplicated caesarean section. A physical exam of the newborn had unremarkable findings except for minor skin tags on the neck and a cleft palate.

The Association Between Subclass-Specific Igg Fc N-Glycosylation Profiles And Hypertension In The Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz, And Tajik Populations, J. N. Liu, Mamatyusupu Dolikun, Jerko Štambuk, Irena Trbojević-Akmačić, J. Zhang, Hao Wang, D. Q. Zheng, X. Y. Zhang, H. L. Peng, Z. Y. Zhao, D. Liu, Yang Sun, Q. Sun, Q. H. Li, J. X. Zhang, Ming Sun, W. J. Cao, Ana Momčilović, Genadij Razdorov, L. J. Wu, Alyce Russell, Y. X. Wang, Song Manshu, Gordan Lauc, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Hypertension results from the interaction of genetic and acquired factors. IgG occurs in the form of different subclasses, of which the effector functions show significant variation. The detailed differences between the glycosylation profiles of the individual IgG subclasses may be lost in a profiling method for total IgG N-glycosylation. In this study, subclass-specific IgG Fc glycosylation profile was investigated in the four northwestern Chinese minority populations, namely, Uygur (UIG), Kazak (KZK), Kirgiz (KGZ), and Tajik (TJK), composed of 274 hypertensive patients and 356 healthy controls. The results showed that ten directly measured IgG N-glycan traits (i.e., IgG1G0F, IgG2G0F, IgG2G1FN, IgG2G1FS, …

Rapid Development Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Eradication Of Hepatitis C Virus With Directly Acting Antiviral Treatment, Fakhar Ali Qazi Arisar, Saeed Hamid

Section of Gastroenterology

Hepatitis C is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), arising typically on a background of liver cirrhosis. Treatment of hepatitis C has been revolutionized by the addition of oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with sustained virological response (SVR) rates above 90%. There is a recent concern under debate about the increased risk of early HCC recurrence in patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated with direct-acting antivirals. Nonetheless, these reports mostly focused on patients who were cirrhotic and were already treated for HCC. We report 4 cases of treatment naive, chronic hepatitis C patients who …

Hla-C Downregulation By Hiv-1 Adapts To Host Hla Genotype, Nathaniel D. Batchel, Gisele Umviligihozo, Suzanne Pickering, Talia Mota, Hua Liang, Gregory Q. Del Prete, Pramita Chatterjee, Guinevere Q. Lee, Rasmi Thomas, Mark A. Brockman, Stuart Neil, Mary Carrington, Bosco M. Bwana, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

HIV-1 can downregulate HLA-C on infected cells, using the viral protein Vpu, and the magnitude of this downregulation varies widely between primary HIV-1 variants. The selection pressures that result in viral downregulation of HLA-C in some individuals, but preservation of surface HLA-C in others are not clear. To better understand viral immune evasion targeting HLA-C, we have characterized HLA-C downregulation by a range of primary HIV-1 viruses. 128 replication competent viral isolates from 19 individuals with effective anti-retroviral therapy, show that a substantial minority of individuals harbor latent reservoir virus which strongly downregulates HLA-C. Untreated infections display no change in …

Immunohistochemical Analysis Of Basigin And Axl Expression In Gliomas, Brittney N. Moore

Conspectus Borealis

No abstract provided.

The Association Of Qsofa, Sofa, And Sirs With Mortality In Emergency Department Pneumonia, Ian D. Mecham, Nathan C. Dean, Emily L. Wilson, Al R. Jephson, Michael J. Lanpsa

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Objective: To determine the association between 30-day mortality with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and quick SOFA (qSOFA) in emergency department patients with pneumonia. Secondary outcomes included the association of sepsis scores with hospital admission and direct ICU admission.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a pneumonia population conducted in the emergency department of 3 tertiary care medical centers and 4 community hospitals. Adult immunocompetent patients diagnosed with pneumonia were included from 3 twelve-month periods spanning December 2009 to October 2015. We generated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values for …

Coping With Chronic Fungal Rhinosinusitis: Diagnosis To Therapy, Veronica Corcino, Leslie Beavin, Shengli Lu, Ashley Ross, Carmen V. Sciortino Jr.

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.