Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evaluation Of The Respironics Bipap® Auto Sv And Resmed Vpap Adapt Sv To Lung Simulator Generated Central And Obstructive Sleep Apneic Episodes., Grant Drake, Dawn Alverson

College of Health Sciences Poster Presentations

Background: Recent developments in non-invasive positive pressure ventilation have led to the production of adaptive servo-ventilation devices that examine an individual’s breathing characteristics and adjust pressure levels via a product specific algorithm. We evaluated two adaptive servo-ventilation devices, the Respironics BiPAP® auto SV™ and ResMed VPAP™ Adapt SV to lung simulator generated central and obstructive sleep apneic episodes.

Methods: Each system was adjusted to the following settings: EPAP minimum 4 cmH2O, IPAP maximum 15 cmH2O, adaptive modes, 15 breaths per minute. Each system was tested using its own brand of ventilation circuit and face mask (Respironics Comfort Gel ™Full and …

Optimization Algorithms For Functional Deimmunization Of Therapeutic Proteins, Andrew S. Parker, Wei Zheng, Karl E. Griswold, Chris Bailey-Kellogg

Dartmouth Scholarship

To develop protein therapeutics from exogenous sources, it is necessary to mitigate the risks of eliciting an anti-biotherapeutic immune response. A key aspect of the response is the recognition and surface display by antigen-presenting cells of epitopes, short peptide fragments derived from the foreign protein. Thus, developing minimal-epitope variants represents a powerful approach to deimmunizing protein therapeutics. Critically, mutations selected to reduce immunogenicity must not interfere with the protein's therapeutic activity.

Anxiolytic Effect Of Midazolam Premedication Assessed By Clinical And Platelet Aggregation Profiles, Ehtesham I Khan, Rehana S Kamal, Hameed Ullah

Department of Anaesthesia

BACKGROUND: It is well documented that surgery is associated with increased anxiety, which has an adverse impact on patient's outcome. This study was designed to assess the anxiolytic effect of midazolam in pre-anaesthetic medication by using clinical and platelet aggregation profiles.METHODS: Sixty ASA I and II female patients aged between 35 and 60 years undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group I received placebo as pre-medication while group II received 0.15 mg/kg midazolam as pre-medication 1 hour preoperatively. They were monitored for visual analogue scale (VAS) for anxiety, observer's anxiety criteria, sedation score, blood pressure, …

Enhancing Student Usability Of The Osmette, Mitchell Foutz

Biomedical Engineering

Precision Systems' Micro-Osmette located in the St. Jude Lab at Cal Poly SLO is a freezing-point depression osmometer capable of measuring the osmolality, the concentration of hydrated species in osmoles per-kilogram of water, with unrivaled speed and accuracy. The Osmette could be used extensively by students in a wide variety of applications if students are able to become acquainted with the device in an accelerated manner. The amount of time required to safely and effectively operate the micro-Osmette using the operator's manual provided with the device is prohibitive of widespread use by students. Revisions and improvements to the existing operator's …

Charge Switch Nucleotides, John G. K. Williams, Gregory R. Bashford, Jiyan Chen, Dan Draney, Nara Narayanan, Bambi L. Reynolds, Pamela Sheaff

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

The present invention provides compounds, methods and systems for sequencing nucleic acid using single molecule detection. Using labeled NPs that exhibit charge-switching behavior, single-molecule DNA sequencing in a microchannel sorting system is realized. In operation, sequencing products are detected enabling real-time sequencing as successive detectable moieties flow through a detection channel. By electrically sorting charged molecules, the cleaved product molecules are detected in isolation Without interference from unincorporated NPs and Without illuminating the polymerase-DNA complex.

Partial And Transitional Atrioventricular Septal Defect Outcomes., L Luann Minich, Andrew M. Atz, Steven D. Colan, Lynn A. Sleeper, Seema Mital, James Jaggers, Renee Margossian, Ashwin Prakash, Jennifer S. Li, Meryl S. Cohen, Ronald V. Lacro, Gloria L. Klein, John A. Hawkins, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators, Girish S. Shirali

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Surgical and perioperative improvements permit earlier repair of partial and transitional atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD). We sought to describe contemporary outcomes in a multicenter cohort.

METHODS: We studied 87 patients undergoing primary biventricular repair of partial or transitional AVSD between June 2004 and February 2006 across seven North American centers. One-month and 6-month postoperative data included weight-for-age z-scores, left atrioventricular valve regurgitation (LAVVR) grade, residual shunts, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Paired methods were used to assess 6-month change.

RESULTS: Median age at surgery was 1.8 years; median weight z-score was -0.88. Median days for ventilation were 1, intensive …

Segmentation Of Thermographic Images Of Hands Using A Genetic Algorithm, Payel Ghosh, Judith Gold, Melanie Mitchell

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper presents a new technique for segmenting thermographic images using a genetic algorithm (GA). The individuals of the GA also known as chromosomes consist of a sequence of parameters of a level set function. Each chromosome represents a unique segmenting contour. An initial population of segmenting contours is generated based on the learned variation of the level set parameters from training images. Each segmenting contour (an individual) is evaluated for its fitness based on the texture of the region it encloses. The fittest individuals are allowed to propagate to future generations of the GA run using selection, crossover and …

Cardiac Regeneration, Sara Leah Abraham

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is an excerpt from the introduction to this article: Cardiovascular disease is a generic term that refers to any illness or disorder that involves the heart and its vessels or the blood vessels of the body. Cardiovascular disease has been accepted as the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control’s National Vital Statistics Reports, twenty six percent of deaths in 2006, 631,636 in total, were caused by diseases of the heart (Heron et al. 2009).

One of the most common of all cardiovascular diseases is Ischaemic Heart Disease. This coronary artery disease often …

The Power Of Empowerment: An Icf-Based Model To Improve Self-Efficacy And Upper Extremity Function Of Survivors Of Breast Cancer, Mary Insana Fisher, Dana Howell

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women. Breast cancer treatments often negatively impact the function of the arm, and quality of life and upper extremity function does not always return to a prediagnosis level. Survivors of breast cancer may also experience feelings of diminished self-efficacy related to functional deficits resulting from their physical limitations. The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) provides a framework for rehabilitation practitioners to address physical and psychological impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Patient outcomes may be improved by fostering self-efficacy through empowerment. This paper explores how the ICF model and …

A Bland–Altman Comparison Of The Lead Care® System And Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry For Detecting Low-Level Lead In Child Whole Blood Samples, Christina Sobin, Tanner Schaub, Natali Parisi, Eva De La Riva

Selected Works Temporary Series

Chronic childhood lead exposure, yielding blood lead levels consistently below 10 μg/dL, remains a major public health concern. Low neurotoxic effect thresholds have not yet been established. Progress requires accurate, efficient, and cost-effective methods for testing large numbers of children. The LeadCare® System (LCS) may provide one ready option. The comparability of this system to the “gold standard” method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the purpose of detecting blood lead levels below 10 μg/dL has not yet been examined. Paired blood samples from 177 children ages 5.2–12.8 years were tested with LCS and ICP-MS. Triplicate repeat tests …

Evaluation Of Pharmacy-Implemented Medication Reconciliation Directed At Antiretroviral Therapy In Hospitalized Hiv/Aids Patients [Letter], Megan A. Corrigan, Kendra Atkinson, Beverly E. Sha, Christopher W. Crank

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Short communications published in Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 44(1).

Excitoxicity In Retinal Ischemia And Treatment Using Non-Competitive Receptor Antagonists, Jacob Rube

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is an excerpt from the article: Ischemia is defined as an inadequacy of blood flow to tissue. Ischemia can deprive tissue of oxygen and metabolic substrates and it can also prevent the removal of waste products. If the ischemia is maintained over enough time the tissue will lose its homeostasis and eventually die causing an infarct. Retinal ischemia occurs when the blood supply to the retina does not meet the metabolic needs that are required to sustain the retina. This can lead to retinal damage and severe vision loss. Ischemia is caused by occluded blood vessels.

Cardiac Tissue Regeneration - The Use Of Stem Cells, Chavy Friedlander

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is the introduction to the article: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of illness and fatality. Diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and subsequent congestive heart failure pose a serious problem to much of the population in the Unites States and all over the world. The heart’s compromised function that results from the above conditions is so influential as the heart has little capacity to repair its lost tissue; once the cardiac myocytes are destroyed its effects are amplified by a drastic decrease in cardiac function. Until recently with the advent of stem cell technology, researchers …

Search For The Next "Silver Bullet": A Review Of Literature, V. A. Black, G. Njewel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We present a review on the application of silver containing compounds that have been incorporated in the surfaces of a large variety of medical devices including vascular, urinary, and peritoneal catheters, endotracheal tubes, sutures, and fracture fixation devices, as well as other materials such as plastics in kitchen appliances and fabrics. We found renewed and rising interest in silver-containing materials due to their antimicrobial, including antiviral and antifungal, properties, their good toxicology and environmental record. Silver-containing compounds could be used against bacterial strains that are known to be resistant to antibiotics. More research is necessary to determine safe levels and …

Study Of Carbon Black-Epoxy Based Fat Tissue Phantom And Its Dielectric Properties., Hatem Mohamed Al-Gabroun

Student Works (2010-2019)

Microwave imaging techniques for medical applications have been reported in the literature for many years. However, the progress in imaging algorithms, numerical techniques, microwave hardware and computational speed has renewed the interest in this field. Breast cancer detection is particularly attractive from a microwave imaging perspective, the major reason referred to the potentially high dielectric contrast between cancerous tissues and normal breast tissues depending on water content. Low water tissues tend to be low permittivity as fat, whilst high water content tissues tend to be high permittivity as cancerous tissues. All of that increased the need for effective phantoms that …

In Vivo Human Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Measured By Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (Glycocest) And 13C Mrs At 7t, Theodore Towse, Adienne Dula, Samuel Bearden, Edward Welch, James Joers, Seth Smith, Bruce Damon

Peer Reviewed Articles

CEST is a molecular imaging technique that allows indirect detection of protons associated with mobile proteins. GlycoCEST is a variant of CEST for imaging tissue glycogen, the storage form of glucose. With glycoCEST, the -OH protons of glycogen are saturated, transfer the saturation to bulk water by way of chemical exchange which reduces the bulk water signal in proportion to the glycogen content. the purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of glycoCEST imaging in human skeletal muscle at 7T. Our findings, although preliminary, suggest that glycoCEST imaging at 7T can be used to image muscle glycogen.

Evaluating Children With Otitis Media For Bacteremia Or Urinary Tract Infection., Daniel Yawman, Patrick Mahar, Aaron Blumkin, Gregory P. Conners

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background. It is unclear if clinicians evaluate for concurrent bacteremia or UTI in young patients diagnosed with acute otitis media (AOM). Objectives. To describe how often, and under which circumstances, emergency providers investigate for bacteremia or UTI in 2-36 month olds with AOM. Methods. Cases of AOM were analyzed from the 2001-2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)-Emergency Department dataset. Results. AOM was diagnosed in 17% of the 10,847 recorded visits of 2-36 month olds. Of these visits, laboratory testing included: CBC: 7%, Blood culture: 4%, urinalysis or urine culture: 5%, and any of these tests: 9%. Rates of …

Bioelectric Applications For Treatment Of Melanoma, Stephen J. Beebe, Karl H. Schoenbach, Richard Heller

Bioelectrics Publications

Two new cancer therapies apply bioelectric principles. These methods target tumor structures locally and function by applying millisecond electric fields to deliver plasmid DNA encoding cytokines using electrogene transfer (EGT) or by applying rapid rise-time nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs). EGT has been used to locally deliver cytokines such as IL-12 to activate an immune response, resulting in bystander effects. NsPEFs locally induce apoptosis-like effects and affect vascular networks, both promoting tumor demise and restoration of normal vascular homeostasis. EGT with IL-12 is in melanoma clinical trials and nsPEFs are used in models with B16F10 melanoma in vitro and in …

Small Intestine Submucosa For Repair Of Injured Rabbit Cornea: A Pilot Study, Mark Nicholas Perenich

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

Corneal injuries blind approximately 15 million people worldwide annually. Current methods of treatment have several disadvantages with respect to cost and availability. This study evaluated a small intestine submucosa (SIS) xenograft treatment for a severe corneal injury. SIS could be a favorable alternative to the current treatment methods, because it is inexpensive to produce and abundant where pigs are consumed. A severe ocular injury was created in the right eye of 5 rabbits by n-heptanol and mechanical debridement of the cornea and limbus. The cornea was then evaluated with fluorescence stain and a SIS xenograft was used for treatment. Clinical …

Electromyographic Analysis Of Trunk Muscle Activation During A Throwing Pattern Following Rotator Cuff Mobilization, Aubrey L. Doede

CMC Senior Theses

Correct muscular activation of the body segments during an overhand throw is achieved when movement originates in the larger and more proximal legs and trunk and moves sequentially to the smaller, distal segments of the shoulder and arm. This sequence permits angular velocity to transfer progressively through the throw as part of an open kinetic chain. The athlete can summate angular velocity and segmental forces only if he is able to create a separation between the body segments during the movement pattern, and this separation is thus essential to effective segmental sequencing for activation of the trunk muscles to occur …

Quantification Of Circulating Melanoma Cells, Jamie Freeman

Theses : Honours

Current prognostic techniques for Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM), a highly aggressive and drug resistant skin cancer, are inadequate at managing the disease and identifying early stage patients requiring treatment. It is thought that Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs), which circulate in patient blood after being shed from solid tumours, may be useful in enhancing prognostic techniques and it has previously been shown in other malignancies that the presence of CTCs in patient blood is associated with poor prognosis. In CMM, CTCs can be detected through RT-PCR for melanoma associated markers, although this technique does not allow CTCs to be quantified. In …

Platelet Alpha- And Beta- Secretase Activities Are Not Significantly Affected By Dementia Or Mild Cognitive Impairment In Swedish Patients., Paul Gorham, Natalie Bark, Steve Meaney, Ingemar Bjorkhem, Milita Crisby

Articles

The processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is a critical event in the formation of amyloid plaques which are composed of the 4kDa amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta). Processing of APP occurs through a non-amyloidogenic pathway, mediated by initial alpha-secretase cleavage or through an amyloidogenic pathway via sequential cleavage by beta- and gamma-secretase enzymes, which produces Abeta peptides. Currently, the diagnosis of probable or possible Alzheimer's disease (AD) is primarily based on neuropsychological and neuroradiological assessment. Recent reports indicate that platelet beta-secretase activity is moderately increased in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To our knowledge platelet alpha-secretase activity …

Fractional Anisotropic Diffusion For Noise Reduction In Magnetic Resonance Images, Jonathan Blackledge, Matthew Blackledge

Articles

We extend the method of anisotropic diffusion for noise reduction in digital images to the case when the diffusion processes are non-Gaussian and Levy distributed. This yields a fractional diffusion equation characterised by the Levy index. A solution to this equation is considered and a numerical algorithm developed. The algorithm is then applied as a case study to the problem of reducing noise in magnetic resonance imaging. The focus of this study is on diffusion weighted images which have low signal-to-noise ratios.

An Optical Machine Vision System For Applications In Cytopathology, Jonathan Blackledge, Dmitry Dubovitskiy

Articles

This paper discusses a new approach to the processes of object detection, recognition and classification in a digital image focusing on problem in Cytopathology. A unique self learning procedure is presented in order to incorporate expert knowledge. The classification method is based on the application of a set of features which includes fractal parameters such as the Lacunarity and Fourier dimension. Thus, the approach includes the characterisation of an object in terms of its fractal properties and texture characteristics. The principal issues associated with object recognition are presented which include the basic model and segmentation algorithms. The self-learning procedure for …

Assessing Impact Of Affect Recognition On Therapeutic Relationship, Julianne V. Sutter

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Therapeutic alliance and its relationship to client nonverbal behavior, specifically facial expressions, were examined. Therapist interpretation of the client nonverbal behavior, or affect, influences the therapeutic alliance and process. Based on a sample of clients from a graduate school therapy training facility, results suggest therapist training in facial expressions, and how they relate to client emotion, improve the therapeutic alliance between therapist and client. After a micro-expression training for therapists, clients reported higher life functioning on the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and an improved therapeutic alliance on the Session Rating Scale (SRS). Overall, these findings support the benefit of incorporating …

Does Intra-Amniotic Inflammation Influence Pregnancy Outcome After Cerclage Orprogesterone (17ohp-C) Therapy For Midtrimester Short Cervix?, Orion Rust Md, Daniel Kiefer Md, Sean M. Keeler Md, Morgan R. Peltier Phd, Jolene C. Muscat Md, Nazeeh Hanna Md, Anthony M. Vintzileos Md, Cande V. Ananth Phd, Mph

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology

No abstract provided.

Effect Of The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Dasatinib, And Imatinib) On Blood Glucose Levels In Diabetic And Non-Diabetic Patients In General Clinical Practice (Poster), Nicole M. Agostino Do, Vernon M. Chinchilli Phd, Christopher J. Lynch Phd, Anita M. Koszyk-Szewczyk Md, Rebecca Gingrich Rn, Ms, Ocn, Jeffery Sivik D Pharma, Joseph J. Darbick Md, Facp

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Intravenous Artesunate For Severe Malaria, Karl M. Hess, Jeffery A. Goad, Paul M. Arguin

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacodynamics and pharmacotherapeutic use of intravenous artesunate for the treatment of severe malaria.

DATA SOURCES: Literature was retrieved through PubMed (1999 March 2010), MEDLINE (1996 March 2010), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), using the search terms artemisinin, artesunate, malaria, and severe malaria. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles in English that were identified from the data sources were reviewed. Focus was placed on post-marketing trials examining the safety and efficacy of artesunate in comparison with other regimens.

DATA SYNTHESIS …

Adjacent Slice Prostate Cancer Prediction To Inform Maldi Imaging Biomarker Analysis, Shao-Hui Chuang, Xiaoyan Sun, Lisa Cazares, Julius Nyalwidhe, Dean Troyer, O. John Semmes, Jiang Li, Frederic D. Mckenzie, Nico Karssemeijer (Ed.), Ronald M. Summers (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer among men in US [1]. Traditionally, prostate cancer diagnosis is made by the analysis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and histopathological images of biopsy samples under microscopes. Proteomic biomarkers can improve upon these methods. MALDI molecular spectra imaging is used to visualize protein/peptide concentrations across biopsy samples to search for biomarker candidates. Unfortunately, traditional processing methods require histopathological examination on one slice of a biopsy sample while the adjacent slice is subjected to the tissue destroying desorption and ionization processes of MALDI. The highest confidence tumor regions gained from the …

Chronic Inflammatory Responses To Microgel-Based Implant Coatings, Amanda W. Bridges, Rachel E. Whitmire, Neetu Singh, Kellie L. Templeman, Julia E. Babensee, L. Andrew Lyon, Andrés J. García

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Inflammatory responses to implanted biomedical devices elicit a foreign body fibrotic reaction that limits device integration and performance in various biomedical applications. We examined chronic inflammatory responses to microgel conformal coatings consisting of thin films of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel microparticles cross-linked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Unmodified and microgel-coated PET disks were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 4 weeks and explants were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Microgel coatings reduced chronic inflammation and resulted in a more mature/organized fibrous capsule. Microgel-coated samples exhibited 22% thinner fibrous capsules that contained 40% fewer cells compared to unmodified PET disks. …