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Ideology Masquerading As Science: The Case Of Endocrine Disrupter Screening Programmes, Troy Seidle
Ideology Masquerading As Science: The Case Of Endocrine Disrupter Screening Programmes, Troy Seidle
Experimentation Collection
The global move to develop novel testing methods and strategies to identify suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals offers a unique opportunity to move away from traditional animal testing paradigms in this new area of regulatory concern. Regrettably, the programmes under development, both in the USA and internationally through the OECD, have thus far failed to consider in vitro and other nonanimal test methods as more than “pre-screening” or “priority-setting” tools in a larger, animal-based testing strategy. Validation efforts to date have focused almost exclusively on the modification of existing animal tests to detect “endocrine effects”, with no demonstrable effort to promote …
Trials, Tribulations, And Trends In Tumor Modeling In Mice, Joann C. L. Schuh
Trials, Tribulations, And Trends In Tumor Modeling In Mice, Joann C. L. Schuh
Biomedicine and Animal Models in Research Collection
Selection of mouse models of cancer is often based simply on availability of a mouse strain and a known compatible tumor. Frequently this results in use of tumor models long on history but short on homology and quality control. Other factors including genetics, sex, immunological status, method and site of tumor implantation, technical competence, biological activity of the tumor, protocol sequence and timing, and selection of endpoints interact to produce outcomes in tumor models. Common reliance on survival and tumor burden data in a single mouse model often skews expectations towards high remission and cure rates; a finding seldom duplicated …
Trials, Tribulations, And Trends In Tumor Modeling In Mice, Joann C. L. Schuh
Trials, Tribulations, And Trends In Tumor Modeling In Mice, Joann C. L. Schuh
Toxicology and Animal Models in Research Collection
Selection of mouse models of cancer is often based simply on availability of a mouse strain and a known compatible tumor. Frequently this results in use of tumor models long on history but short on homology and quality control. Other factors including genetics, sex, immunological status, method and site of tumor implantation, technical competence, biological activity of the tumor, protocol sequence and timing, and selection of endpoints interact to produce outcomes in tumor models. Common reliance on survival and tumor burden data in a single mouse model often skews expectations towards high remission and cure rates; a finding seldom duplicated …
Medical Training Using Simulation: Toward Fewer Animals And Safer Patients, Jonathan Balcombe
Medical Training Using Simulation: Toward Fewer Animals And Safer Patients, Jonathan Balcombe
Experimentation Collection
This paper presents the current status of computer-based simulation in medicine. Recent technological advances have enabled this field to emerge from esoteric explorations in academic laboratories to commercially available simulators designed to train users to perform medical procedures from start to finish. Today, more than a dozen companies are producing virtual reality simulators and interactive manikins for training in endoscopy, laparoscopy, anaesthesia, trauma management, angiography, and needle insertion. For many of these procedures, thousands of animals are still being used in training. Yet simulation has many advantages that can transcend scientific, ethical, economic and logistical problems that arise when using …