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Full-Text Articles in Horticulture

Starting Vegetable Seeds Indoors: Iii. Germination, Wesley Crump, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Milena Oliveira Feb 2025

Starting Vegetable Seeds Indoors: Iii. Germination, Wesley Crump, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Milena Oliveira

All Current Publications

This third fact sheet in this series of four guides you through the actual process of starting seeds indoors. The materials you choose may not precisely match those mentioned here. However, the variables and processes discussed are still applicable.


Starting Vegetable Seeds Indoors: Ii. Materials, Wesley Crump, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Milena Oliveira Feb 2025

Starting Vegetable Seeds Indoors: Ii. Materials, Wesley Crump, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Milena Oliveira

All Current Publications

This second of four fact sheets in this series explores materials needed to start seeds indoors—specifically, seeds, containers, soilless mix (potting soil), lights, water, fertilizer, a heat source, fans, labels, and a general growing space. Our focus is mainly starting vegetables. However, the principles discussed apply to starting herbs and other ornamental annuals and perennials. Online propagation protocols, books on plant propagation, and other Utah State University (USU) Extension resources discuss how to start other unique and less common plants.


Starting Vegetable Seeds Indoors: I. Planning, Wesley Crump, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Milena Oliveira Feb 2025

Starting Vegetable Seeds Indoors: I. Planning, Wesley Crump, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Milena Oliveira

All Current Publications

For many Utah gardeners, starting vegetable seeds indoors offers both an exciting opportunity to experiment with new varieties and a practical necessity for ensuring the successful growth and production of certain crops in their unique environmental conditions. Vegetable gardening involves inherent risks, particularly for the plants, with weather being a significant and largely uncontrollable factor. Because of this, many gardeners are unsure about when to start certain crops and whether the crops should be started indoors or sown directly in the garden. This fact sheet, the first in a series of four, discusses planning considerations when starting seeds indoors.


A Home Dyer's Garden, Part Iii: Dyeing With Japanese Indigo, Wesley Crump, Toree Park, Elizabeth Cohen Oct 2024

A Home Dyer's Garden, Part Iii: Dyeing With Japanese Indigo, Wesley Crump, Toree Park, Elizabeth Cohen

All Current Publications

Dyeing with Japanese indigo grown in the home garden can be an exciting and satisfying way to incorporate gardening into more aspects of your life and create unique products for yourself and others. This resource provides information to those who would like to experience the process from growing the plant until the final dyed project and those who would like to purchase the pigment and use it for dyeing. After preparing the fabric, there are many ways to dye with indigo. Two well-established methods, accessible and achievable for the beginning dyer, are included.


A Home Dyer's Garden, Part Ii: Extracting Pigment From Japanese Indigo, Wesley Crump, Toree Park, Elizabeth Cohen Oct 2024

A Home Dyer's Garden, Part Ii: Extracting Pigment From Japanese Indigo, Wesley Crump, Toree Park, Elizabeth Cohen

All Current Publications

Several indigo dyeing methods use powdered pigment. This fact sheet outlines a simple, inexpensive method of extracting the pigment from plants. For information on growing Japanese indigo or dyeing with plant and pigment, see the other fact sheets in the Utah State University (USU) Extension series A Home Dyer’s Garden, including Part I: Growing Japanese Indigo and Part III: Dyeing With Japanese Indigo.


A Home Dyer's Garden, Part I: Growing Japanese Indigo, Wesley Crump, Toree Park, Elizabeth Cohen Oct 2024

A Home Dyer's Garden, Part I: Growing Japanese Indigo, Wesley Crump, Toree Park, Elizabeth Cohen

All Current Publications

Japanese indigo is an annual plant with numerous varieties. Most varieties thrive in the temperate environments found in much of Utah but may exhibit stress in intense heat. This is the first of three fact sheets in the A Home Dyer's Garden series on dyeing with Japanese indigo. It covers how to grow Japanese indigo. Soil preparation, planting and spacing, water, fertilizer, insects and diseases, and harvesting are discussed.


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Wildlife Monitoring Using Bioacoustics, Kaitlin Campbell, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle Oct 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Wildlife Monitoring Using Bioacoustics, Kaitlin Campbell, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle

All Current Publications

Animals use sounds to communicate with each other, just like humans. Humans can listen in on animals by using a bioacoustic monitoring device, a passive device that quietly records surrounding sounds. Bioacoustic monitoring devices blend in with the environment, allowing us to know what types of animals appear when we’re gone. The device collects and stores data and allows us to visualize, analyze, and identify animals from the sounds they make.


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Using Weather Stations, Jake Sanders, Daniel Findlay, Kathy Cabe Trundle, Rita Hagevik, Kaitlin Campbell Oct 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Using Weather Stations, Jake Sanders, Daniel Findlay, Kathy Cabe Trundle, Rita Hagevik, Kaitlin Campbell

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides an overview of how weather stations work and the steps to set up your own weather station. To help monitor the water conditions, wind speeds, and temperatures that can impact your plants, we suggest adding a weather station to your garden area or greenhouse.


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Composting, Larry Krissek, Kathy Cabe Trundle, Rita Hagevik Oct 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Composting, Larry Krissek, Kathy Cabe Trundle, Rita Hagevik

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides information about composting, such as what compost is, how to compost, and the benefits of composting in your garden.


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Using Trail Cameras, Kaitlin Campbell, Kathy Cabe Trundle, Rita Hagevik Oct 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Using Trail Cameras, Kaitlin Campbell, Kathy Cabe Trundle, Rita Hagevik

All Current Publications

Trail cameras (also called game or wildlife cameras) have been used for decades to document wildlife for personal use, education, and scientific use (documenting distributions of animals worldwide for conservation). Using a trail camera can allow us to see the biodiversity around us. Trail cameras are often used to help conserve and monitor wildlife populations. You can participate in these efforts too!


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Beneficial Biological Control Insects, Kaitlin Campbell, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle Oct 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Beneficial Biological Control Insects, Kaitlin Campbell, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle

All Current Publications

On small scales, like school and home gardens, encouraging biological control agents can be highly effective, reducing the need for insecticides that harm the environment, humans, and beneficial insects. This fact sheet provides information on using beneficial insects in your garden and offers a field guide to identify them.


Policies And Programs For Water-Wise Residential Landscaping In Utah, Charlotte Clark, Kendall Becker, Scott Hotaling Sep 2024

Policies And Programs For Water-Wise Residential Landscaping In Utah, Charlotte Clark, Kendall Becker, Scott Hotaling

All Current Publications

Water-wise landscaping is the practice of using plants in a landscape that are adapted to local conditions and only need small amounts of water. Converting yards to water-wise landscaping conserves water and is a climate adaptation action residents can take to benefit Utah as temperatures rise and drought becomes more common. Many policies and programs in Utah help residents use water conscientiously and make changes. This fact sheet provides information regarding current and future water-wise landscaping policies and programs in Utah.


Wild Parsnip (Pastinaca Sativa) Identification And Control In Residential Landscapes, Michael Caron, Taun Beddes, Corey Ransom Aug 2024

Wild Parsnip (Pastinaca Sativa) Identification And Control In Residential Landscapes, Michael Caron, Taun Beddes, Corey Ransom

All Current Publications

Wild parsnip is a weed that can potentially cause serious injury to gardeners. This fact sheet describes this weed, its lifecycle, and suppression and control options.


Whitetop (Hoary Cress) Control In Residential Situations, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Jacob Hadfield, Corey Ransom Jun 2024

Whitetop (Hoary Cress) Control In Residential Situations, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Jacob Hadfield, Corey Ransom

All Current Publications

Whitetop (Lepidium draba, formerly Cardaria draba) is a persistent, perennial weed that grows in open, sunny areas. It spreads by seeds and rhizomes, enabling it to spread by several feet in a single season. It is common in wildlands, agricultural, and residential areas. It rapidly spreads into unhealthy lawns, landscape beds, and vegetable gardens. This fact sheet provides information on identification, lifecycle, landscape damage, and suppression and control options.


A Beginner's Guide To Growing Mushrooms At Home, Jacob Hawkes, Paul R. Grossl, Melanie Stock Jun 2024

A Beginner's Guide To Growing Mushrooms At Home, Jacob Hawkes, Paul R. Grossl, Melanie Stock

All Current Publications

Welcome to the wonderful world of mushrooms! Researchers have shown that mushrooms are not only nutritious and delicious but also provide a myriad of known medicinal benefits, such as protection against cancer, protecting brain health, stimulating gut health, and supporting a healthy immune system. Lately, psychedelic mushrooms have been receiving considerable attention as a promising treatment for mental health conditions, such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and end-of-life anxiety among the terminally ill. This publication provides a simple guide for beginners interested in growing basic gourmet and medicinal mushrooms at home for personal use using easily accessible, relatively inexpensive materials.


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Create A Garden Anywhere, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle Jun 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Create A Garden Anywhere, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle

All Current Publications

This fact sheet is part of a series about creating sustainable school and home gardens. It provides information and resources on creating gardens anywhere, such as in containers, towers, raised beds, and forests. It also includes ideas and resources for encouraging beneficial insects and providing food and habitat for pollinators.


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Rain Barrels, Daniel Findlay, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle Jun 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Rain Barrels, Daniel Findlay, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle

All Current Publications

This fact sheet is part of a series about creating sustainable school and home gardens. It provides information and resources on establishing rain barrels. When attached to a downspout, a barrel collects the rain that falls on the roof, allowing for local water use and preventing flooding or runoff pollution. The water can be used to nurture plants and animals.


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Welcoming Pollinators, Kaitlin Cambell, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle May 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Welcoming Pollinators, Kaitlin Cambell, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle

All Current Publications

This fact sheet is part of a series about creating sustainable school and home gardens. It focuses on welcoming pollinators to the garden by providing a safe and effective habitat, and lists recommended plantings and resources.


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Raised Bed Gardening, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle May 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Raised Bed Gardening, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle

All Current Publications

This fact sheet is part of a series about creating sustainable school and home gardens. It provides information and resources on raised bed gardening, which can help gardeners maximize space and increase food or flower production, all with fewer weeds.


Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Vertical Gardening, Tyelar Haines, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle May 2024

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Vertical Gardening, Tyelar Haines, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle

All Current Publications

This fact sheet is part of a series about creating sustainable school and home gardens. It provides information and resources on vertical gardening, which can maximize space, increase food production, and improve plant health.


Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing For Rich County, Kelly Kopp, L. Neil Allen, Dallen Smith, Lauren Thomson Apr 2024

Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing For Rich County, Kelly Kopp, L. Neil Allen, Dallen Smith, Lauren Thomson

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes how to perform a site inspection and a sprinkler test so you can irrigate your landscape more efficiently. It also provides an irrigation schedule for Rich County, Utah.


Commercially Available Products In Increase Soil Water-Holding Capacity, Shital Poudyal, Jake Powell, Rowe Zwahlen, Grant Cardon Feb 2024

Commercially Available Products In Increase Soil Water-Holding Capacity, Shital Poudyal, Jake Powell, Rowe Zwahlen, Grant Cardon

All Current Publications

Although adding organic matter is traditionally the most effective way to enhance soil water-holding capacity, several commercial products in the market also have the potential to increase soil water-holding capacity. In this fact sheet, we discuss the properties and characteristics of those commercially available products and recommended application rates. We also explore some limitations of using these products.


Understanding Cut Flower Consumers, Makaylie Langford, Kynda R. Curtis, Melanie Stock Dec 2023

Understanding Cut Flower Consumers, Makaylie Langford, Kynda R. Curtis, Melanie Stock

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides information on cut flower consumers, such as floral preferences and consumer demographics and psychographics. It discusses possible ways to enhance perceived value and interest in cut flowers.


Cut Flower Markets And Marketing In The Intermountain West, Makylie Langford, Kynda R. Curtis, Melanie Stock Dec 2023

Cut Flower Markets And Marketing In The Intermountain West, Makylie Langford, Kynda R. Curtis, Melanie Stock

All Current Publications

This fact sheet discusses different markets for cut flowers in the Intermountain West, including wholesale and direct-to-consumer markets. Farmers markets, community-supported agriculture and subscription services, u-pick operations, farm venues, and online options are explored, as well as using social media to advertise and build clientele.


An Overview Of The Cut Flower Industry, Makaylie Langford, Kynda R. Curtis, Melanie Stock Dec 2023

An Overview Of The Cut Flower Industry, Makaylie Langford, Kynda R. Curtis, Melanie Stock

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides an overview of the cut flower industry. It provides information about traditional and specialty cut flowers, comparing flowers sourced locally in Utah and internationally.


Maple Sap Collection And Sap Processing Systems, Jesse Mathews, Youping Sun, Steven Price, Darren Mcavoy, Michael Farrell, Paul Harris, Kelly Kopp Oct 2023

Maple Sap Collection And Sap Processing Systems, Jesse Mathews, Youping Sun, Steven Price, Darren Mcavoy, Michael Farrell, Paul Harris, Kelly Kopp

All Current Publications

Starting a maple syrup operation as a hobby or a business can be a daunting task. This fact sheet can help a new maple syrup producer get started on their sugaring journey with information on sap collection methods and processing equipment.


Evapotranspiration And Precipitation Data For Calculating Irrigation Requirements In Utah, Shital Poudyal, Anju Chaudhary Sep 2023

Evapotranspiration And Precipitation Data For Calculating Irrigation Requirements In Utah, Shital Poudyal, Anju Chaudhary

All Current Publications

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and precipitation data are essential for developing water budgets and calculating irrigation water requirements. However, it is crucial that the data used for such purposes are recent and easily accessible to stakeholders. In this fact sheet, we calculated average reference evapotranspiration and precipitation data for multiple locations in Utah, USA. To accomplish this, we collected the data from the Utah Climate Center and compiled it to show an average of 20 years of data by month in an easily digestible format. We compiled data for 69 locations in Utah, making it easy to find one close to …


Utah Florist Preferences For Local Cut Flowers, Kynda R. Curtis, Melanie Stock Jun 2023

Utah Florist Preferences For Local Cut Flowers, Kynda R. Curtis, Melanie Stock

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides crucial information on wholesale florist needs and preferences for local cut flowers. The information here will enhance the ability of current and potential cut flower growers to properly assess the profit potential of their decisions and assist with the long-term sustainability of their farming operations.


Comfrey In The Garden, Emmalee Rolfe, Dan Drost Feb 2023

Comfrey In The Garden, Emmalee Rolfe, Dan Drost

All Archived Publications

Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is a very hardy perennial herb adaptable to most conditions. Comfrey grows best in partial to full sun in moist, fertile soil. Comfrey is propagated by root cuttings or crown divisions. Comfrey can be planted throughout the growing season but establishes best when planted in the spring. Maintain moderate soil moisture, especially when plants are young. Once established, comfrey outcompetes weeds and does not have any reported insect or disease issues in Utah. Some leaves and roots are harvested after the first year of growth. It should be noted that consuming high doses or excessive …


Water Recommendations For Vegetables, Sheriden M. Hansen, Taun Beddes, Burdette Barker, Ashley Butler Jan 2023

Water Recommendations For Vegetables, Sheriden M. Hansen, Taun Beddes, Burdette Barker, Ashley Butler

All Current Publications

Traditionally, we irrigate using overhead sprinklers and/or flood irrigation. However, these methods can be wasteful, and so a way to conserve and still have a healthy garden is to use drip irrigation. It can reduce water use by up to about 50%. This fact sheet reviews water recommendations for growing vegetables.