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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 2165
Full-Text Articles in Agricultural Science
Seasonal Changes In Photosynthetic Rate Of 6 Panicum Genotypes, Q S. Cai, Y Ishii, K Ito
Seasonal Changes In Photosynthetic Rate Of 6 Panicum Genotypes, Q S. Cai, Y Ishii, K Ito
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three varieties each in Panicum maximum (PM) and P. coloratum (PC) were measured for the seasonal changes in the gas exchange rate in the field at Miyazaki, Japan. The gross photosynthetic rate (Pg) under the same photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) of 1000 μmol m-2s-1 and the dark respiratory rate (Rd) of leaf blade under the mean environmental air temperature on the measuring day differed among six varieties from autumn to the next spring. With the decrease in air temperature, the Pg and the Rd in the varieties of PM (typically, coldsensitive Natsukaze (NAT)) declined more rapidly than those of PC …
Moisture Stress In Hill Country Pastures Of New Zealand, I Valentine
Moisture Stress In Hill Country Pastures Of New Zealand, I Valentine
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Moisture stress is a recognised factor in the persistence of desirable pasture species of naturalised hill country pastures of New Zealand. Two variables in a soil water balance model are examined here for their contribution to maintaining plant cover. Soil water infiltration is not a limiting factor even though these hill country soils will respond to lime and this response is believed to be due to its effect on the physical properties of the soil. However, the effect of microtopography and wind direction does reduce soil water input.
Effect Of Nitrogen Input On Performance Of A Sodseeded Temperature Legume-Grass Mixture, M W. Alison
Effect Of Nitrogen Input On Performance Of A Sodseeded Temperature Legume-Grass Mixture, M W. Alison
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of N application rate and timing on forage production when an annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) mixture is overseeded on a warm-season grass sward. Nitrogen was applied soon after planting in the fall at rates of 0, 38, 76 and 114 kg ha-1 and in late February at 0, 56 and 112 kg ha-1. Fall and winter N rates were included in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement. Forage production was measured monthly from February through June and botanical composition was determined …
Understanding Growth Dynamics Of Rangeland Species Under Unlimited Water And Rainfed Conditions, K L. Shropshire, J W. Stuth
Understanding Growth Dynamics Of Rangeland Species Under Unlimited Water And Rainfed Conditions, K L. Shropshire, J W. Stuth
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This experiment was conducted to determine the maximum potential yield of native plant species when maintained in an unlimited water and natural rainfed environments to support the PHYGROW forage production model. Samples of the dominant rangeland plant species found in Central Texas were collected eight times during a 365 day period in 1995-96. Weight per unit basal area, and canopy area increased significantly throughout the growing season in bunchgrasses and sod/rhizomatous grasses, respectively, in water unlimited plots. Individual plant weight of forbs increased with irrigation, although it was only significant for the legume, Texas Bluebonnet. Woody plants exhibited little response …
Effects Of Seasonal Cutting Regimes On The Dm Yield Of Temperate Pastures. Ii. Response To Frequency Of Defoliation Of A Five-Year Old Sown Pasture, E A. Moliterno, R A. Zanoniani
Effects Of Seasonal Cutting Regimes On The Dm Yield Of Temperate Pastures. Ii. Response To Frequency Of Defoliation Of A Five-Year Old Sown Pasture, E A. Moliterno, R A. Zanoniani
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of three frequencies (15; 30 and 45 days) of defoliation were assessed on a five-year-old temperate pasture composed of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). Total annual DM yield showed a significant lower production for the most frequent defoliation management, 30 and 45 days frequency treatments averaging 32% more forage production with no statistical difference between them. Spring was the only season in which the more lenient defoliation significantly outyielded the 15- day interval treatment, which made up for the annual difference recorded. Through the …
Effects Of Seasonal Cutting Regimes On The Dm Yield Of Temperate Pastures. I. Response Of A Second-Year Sown Pasture, E A. Moliterno, R A. Zanoniani, C Tafernaberry
Effects Of Seasonal Cutting Regimes On The Dm Yield Of Temperate Pastures. I. Response Of A Second-Year Sown Pasture, E A. Moliterno, R A. Zanoniani, C Tafernaberry
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of combined frequencies and intensities of defoliation were assessed through different sward heights at cutting time and residual stubble heights on a second-year temperate pasture composed of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). Frequencies of defoliation could only be evaluated in autumn and winter since soil water deficit became especially critical in spring and summer. Main differences in yield within seasons were due to a combination of the intensity of defoliation at which the particular treatment was managed and that of the previous season. …
Sward Structure Change And Production Increases Following Spring Grazing Management, A Hernandez Garay, J Hodgson, C Matthew
Sward Structure Change And Production Increases Following Spring Grazing Management, A Hernandez Garay, J Hodgson, C Matthew
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this experiment was to study sward structure effects on production of perennial ryegrass-white clover swards with and without white clover following lax spring grazing periods of different duration. Two periods of 6 (short release - SR) and 12 (long release - LR -) weeks of lax grazing were compared against a conventional hard grazing throughout (early control - EC). Treatments were arranged in a factorial design with 3 replicates. Changes in sward structure were reflected in herbage production before (spring) and after the control period (summer-autumn). During spring, herbage mass was increased as a consequence of an …
Effects Of Cutting Height On Yield And Quality Of Five Napier Cultivars, S T. Jorgensen, S Tudsri, A Pookpakdi, O Stolen
Effects Of Cutting Height On Yield And Quality Of Five Napier Cultivars, S T. Jorgensen, S Tudsri, A Pookpakdi, O Stolen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Results of this experiment revealed that dry matter yield of five Napier grass species increased with higher stubble and that a delay in closing date had produced a negative effect on regrowth for the following season, especially, when low cutting height had been imposed. The nitrogen and phosphorus percentage in leaf and stem materials were not affected by cutting height. Potassium percentage and NDF% were lower for herbage with 0 cm cutting height compared to 30 cm cutting. Among the different cutting intensities, 20 cm and 30 cm cutting height can be recommended through the growing season.
Effects Of Grazing And Mowing On Leymus Chinensis Grassland In The Songnen Plain Of Northeastern China, R Z. Wang, E A. Ripley
Effects Of Grazing And Mowing On Leymus Chinensis Grassland In The Songnen Plain Of Northeastern China, R Z. Wang, E A. Ripley
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Effects of mowing and grazing on a Leymus chinensis grassland in the Songnen plain of northeastern China were studied using eight replicates of four grazing and mowing treatments. Canopy cover and biomass of the dominant species (L. chinensis) were lower, and cover of the halophyte Suaeda corniculata higher, on grazed than ungrazed; ungrazed plots showed a response to mowing, but not grazing; species diversity increased with grazing and mowing. This study found dissimilar effects of grazing and mowing on plant populations, canopy biomass and structure in L. chinensis grassland. Possible interactions between the principal disturbances on the grassland are …
Overgrazing Impact Upon Rangeland Ecosystems Of Kazakstan Deserts, K Karibayeva
Overgrazing Impact Upon Rangeland Ecosystems Of Kazakstan Deserts, K Karibayeva
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Vegetation dynamics trends are studies in connection with natural and human-induced factors. Interrelation of rangeland ecosystems with climate and grazing type is revealed. Degression, demutation and dynamics regulation diagrams are given for different conditions of use. Some quantitative and qualitative criteria were elaborated for rangeland ecosystems assessment. Ecosystem degradation indicators were identified, methods were elaborated for making subject maps for environmental assessment and sustainable management of grasslands. A method of seasonal cartographic rangeland cadastre was elaborated by the example of Volga - Ural sands on the basis of the map (S. 1:500,000)
Forage Quality Of 'Matua' Bromegrass (Bromus Wildenowii), L G. Brown, J K. King
Forage Quality Of 'Matua' Bromegrass (Bromus Wildenowii), L G. Brown, J K. King
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Research on forage quality of ‘Matua’ prairiegrass (Bromus wildenowii) is limited in Kentucky. Due to hot summers, mild winters and a 200-day long growing season in Kentucky, quality as well as management practices may differ from those reported in research from other climates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage quality of cool-season grasses including Matua, grazing bromegrass (Bromus stamineus), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata). The experiment was conducted in the field and greenhouse. Four harvests were obtained from each. Quality analyses …
Productivity Of Pasture Consisting Of Both Unimproved And Improved Areas In Aso Region Of Kyushu District, C Okamoto, K Kabata, K Tsuji, M Kikuchi
Productivity Of Pasture Consisting Of Both Unimproved And Improved Areas In Aso Region Of Kyushu District, C Okamoto, K Kabata, K Tsuji, M Kikuchi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Productivity of pasture consisting of both unimproved and improved areas was investigated in terms of conversion efficiency of solar energy into products and nutrient intake of animal. It was shown that animal production is mainly supported by the improved area in spring and late-autumn while the production is supported together by both areas in summer by reasons of increases in productivity of the unimproved area and productive depression in the improved area. CP/DE balance of grazed herbage was close to the requirement ofthe animal in the case where the unimproved area was grazed with the improved area rather than in …
Grassland Productivity In The Indian Himalaya And Performance Of Introduced Temperate Forage Species In Cold And Semi-Arid Environment, J R. Sharma, A N. Ghosh
Grassland Productivity In The Indian Himalaya And Performance Of Introduced Temperate Forage Species In Cold And Semi-Arid Environment, J R. Sharma, A N. Ghosh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grasslands in the Himalayan ranges, particularly in the middle altitudes, are over-exploited by both sedentary and nomadic flocks. No systematic studies have been made to assess the productivity and carrying capacity of these grasslands so that suitable improvement measures could be adopted. A study conducted in the Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh (HP) at 2092, 2400 and 2895 meters above mean sea level (amsl) and varying soil conditions, showed that protection alone increased dry matter production between 9 and 188% over a three year period and average production in the third year from lower to higher altitude grasslands was 101.1, …
Perception Of Rangeland By Herders In Northern Cameroon, E Tedonkeng Pamo, P Scholte
Perception Of Rangeland By Herders In Northern Cameroon, E Tedonkeng Pamo, P Scholte
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Range scientists have always had the mistaken idea that herders cannot appraise, characterize or assess the state of their rangeland or range resource. From observations made in northern Cameroon, it appears that herders know the pastoral environment in which they operate probably better than many range scientists. They do not seem to have a good idea on range trends. However, from their pattern of range utilization over time it is possible to have an assessment of the state and trend of rangeland. A wide range of information on the pastoral knowledge of rangeland is needed to develop a sustained range …
Nutrient Content Of Saskatchewan Native Range Plants, Zoheir Abouguendia
Nutrient Content Of Saskatchewan Native Range Plants, Zoheir Abouguendia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study reports on the nutrient content and digestibility of five cool-season grasses common in the Mixed-Prairie Ecoregion of Saskatchewan, Canada: (1) green needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.); (2) needle-and-thread (Stipa comata Trin & Rupr.); (3) western porcupinegrass (Stipa curtiseta (Hitchc.) Backworth); (4) northern wheatgrass (Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn.); and (5) western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.). Plant material was collected monthly and analyzed for invitro organic matter digestibility ( IVOMD), crude protein (CP), P, Ca, ADF and NDF. All species showed similar intra-seasonal pattern in the various parameters studied and no species x month interactions were …
Negative Hypergeometric Series And Taylor's Power Law In Occurrence Of Plant Populations In Semi-Natural Grassland In Japan, M Shiyomi, T Egawa, Y Yamamoto
Negative Hypergeometric Series And Taylor's Power Law In Occurrence Of Plant Populations In Semi-Natural Grassland In Japan, M Shiyomi, T Egawa, Y Yamamoto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Attempts were made to determine whether the spatial distribution of the plant species composing vegetation of a semi-natural grassland is heterogeneous, using negative hypergeometric series (NHG) and Taylor’s power law (TPL). The occurrence of each species was observed, in an area of the grasslands, using 100 quadrats with a size of 50 cm x 50 cm, each of which was divided into 4 small quadrats with an area of 25 cm x 25 cm. For all species dominating in the grassland, good fits to the NHG and TPL were obtained. Species which grow stolons, rhizomes and tillers for propagation such …
Recultivation And Revitalization Of Karst's Regions With Sheep And Goats As A Tool, M Pogacnik, P Juntes, D Kompan, T Vidrih, M Kotar
Recultivation And Revitalization Of Karst's Regions With Sheep And Goats As A Tool, M Pogacnik, P Juntes, D Kompan, T Vidrih, M Kotar
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The main goal of our project is to revitalize abandoned karstic regions on the principles of silvopastoral systems based on traditional husbandry of goats and sheep and by causing minimal disturbances to the nature. Results of our two year experiment show positive effects on land cleaning and quantity and quality of the turf. However, restriction of animals to a fenced area, where the feed is of a lesser quality also has negative effects on the animals.
Introduction Of White Clover In Native Grasslands Of Bhutan-Impact, Potential, And Problems, W Roder, K Wangdi, P Gyamtsho
Introduction Of White Clover In Native Grasslands Of Bhutan-Impact, Potential, And Problems, W Roder, K Wangdi, P Gyamtsho
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Important genera of native grass species common to the grasslands of Bhutan include: Schizachyrium, Arundinella, Agropyron, Agrostis, Bromus, and Helictorichon. White clover was first introduced to the country in 1970. White clover introduction and application of P increased dry matter production of native grasslands from <2 t ha-1 to >10 t ha-1. In the elevation range ,2000-3500 m white clover is the best fodder species for improving existing grassland. Fast expansion of the species through adoption by farmers spreading by grazing animals has caused some panic and demands for a reassessment of its potential.
Mountain Meadow Response To Riparian Grazing Strategies In Western Usa, W P. Clary, J W. Kinney
Mountain Meadow Response To Riparian Grazing Strategies In Western Usa, W P. Clary, J W. Kinney
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The purpose of this grazing study was to examine the response of a mountain meadow riparian system to different levels of livestock use in late June. Six pastures were used to evaluate three levels of grazing. Over an 8-year period there was a general trend of increased plant species and biomass. The largest increases in species number occurred in pastures receiving the most grazing use. The opposite was true for plant biomass. Total plant cover decreased on all dry meadows, but increased on grazed streamside locations. Shrub cover, including streamside willows, increased under all grazing treatments. Streambank stability increased and …
Persistence Of Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum) Amid Bunchgrass/Shrub Steppe Communities, S B. Monsen, N L. Shaw
Persistence Of Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum) Amid Bunchgrass/Shrub Steppe Communities, S B. Monsen, N L. Shaw
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Semiarid bunchgrass/shrub steppe communities throughout the Intermountain region were degraded by early livestock grazing and invasion of annual weeds. Patterns of secondary succession were investigated through establishment and maintenance of four exclosures on granitic soils in south-central Idaho. Species composition and plant cover were estimated periodically in grazed and protected areas at each site from 1930 to 1977. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), an alien invader, occupied the sites initially, declining between 1933 and 1937 during a prolonged drought, and reappearing erratically after 1940. Perennial grasses recovered slowly in protected areas, requiring more than 45 years to increase in cover …
Animal-Plant Interactions In An Atriplex Canescens Dominant Community Browsed By Cattle, A F. Cibils, D M. Swift, R H. Hart
Animal-Plant Interactions In An Atriplex Canescens Dominant Community Browsed By Cattle, A F. Cibils, D M. Swift, R H. Hart
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Atriplex canescens is a relatively widespread shrub in rangelands of the western United States,with a longstanding reputation as a valuable browse resource for ruminants. The breeding system of tetraploid populations has been extensively studied both in common gardens and in natural populations. However, browser-driven alterations of shrub sex ratios, and the probable mechanisms involved in such processes, have received relatively little attention in these populations. We report results from a preliminary study conducted in a stand of A. canescens at a site on the shortgrass steppe. Numbers of young shrubs decreased with increasing shrub density. Sex ratios did not differ …
An Examination Of Dry Weight Rank And Comparative Yield Techniques For Grasslands Production Estimation, H Arzani, G W. King
An Examination Of Dry Weight Rank And Comparative Yield Techniques For Grasslands Production Estimation, H Arzani, G W. King
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Currently used method of dry matter yield estimation was tested compared with yield estimation from cover measurement using clipped data as an index. The dry weight rank (DWR) method was able to show variations within and between sites in different seasonal conditions. However it was less accurate than other techniques and possibly subject to personal bias.
Application Of Remote Sensing (Landsat Tm Data) For Vegetation Parameters Measurement In Western Divisions Of Nsw, H Arzani, G W. King
Application Of Remote Sensing (Landsat Tm Data) For Vegetation Parameters Measurement In Western Divisions Of Nsw, H Arzani, G W. King
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The capability of Landsat (TM) data for vegetation parameters estimation was examined. Suitable vegetation indices were selected for arid and semi-arid areas. The possibility of accurate estimation of cover and yield of group of species was found.
Effect Of Nitrogen On The Reserve Nutrients Of Rhizomes And Their Relation To Shoot Regrowth In Miscanthus Floridulus, Y C. Wang, M L. Lee
Effect Of Nitrogen On The Reserve Nutrients Of Rhizomes And Their Relation To Shoot Regrowth In Miscanthus Floridulus, Y C. Wang, M L. Lee
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A 3-week-treatment of nitrogen dressings and of shoot cuttings were conducted on Miscanthus floridulus before the harvest. The nitrogen dressing increased the fresh weight and dry matter of the plants, but did not increase the plant height and shoot number. The reserved nutrients, especially the sugars and starch in the rhizomes were decreased by the cut treatments. Crude protein in the rhizomes was increased with the nitrogen amounts applied, though the carbohydrates were decreased. The decrease in reserved nutrients caused the growth inhibition of new shoots, and the more the reserved nutrients decreased the more severely was the growth inhibited. …
Grassland Mapping Units In The Flooding Pampa (Argentine), S P. Debelis, A A. Bozzo
Grassland Mapping Units In The Flooding Pampa (Argentine), S P. Debelis, A A. Bozzo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A thematic map of grassland has been drawn up using studies carried out at farm level as a starting point, correlating soils and specie group through significant parameters that condition their presence. The work method included the analysis of a geomorphologically homogeneous area through cartography and aerial photography. An elemental unit of the landscape was studied in detail with a pattern repeated all over the subregion, with soil samples at specie group level. Hidromorphism and variable alkalinity and saline patches are present in all profiles, gramineous, juncaceous, cyperaceous and forbs linked to the problems of soil already mentioned. A system …
Improvement Of Subtropical Native Grasslands With The Introduction Of Forage Species And Phosphorous Fertilizers, M N. Baby, S.B C. Lustosa, A Moraes, A.C V. Motta, R L. Stanger
Improvement Of Subtropical Native Grasslands With The Introduction Of Forage Species And Phosphorous Fertilizers, M N. Baby, S.B C. Lustosa, A Moraes, A.C V. Motta, R L. Stanger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experiment took place in Guarapuava-Brazil, from May 1994 to January, 1996 to evaluate the improvement of a subtropical native grassland by the introduction of species and phosphate fertilization. It was observed that for the higher dose applied there occurred an increase over the production of dry matter and crude protein production and absorption of P and K in the plant. A response was not found to the 180 kg P2O5/ha application probably because of the high capacity of soil adsorption, the method of fertilizer application, non favorable climatic conditions and liming interference. The single superphosphate-SS application was superior to …
Manipulation Of Botanical Composition Of Native Pastures By Grazing In Temperate South-East Australia, D L. Garden, D A. Friend, P M. Dowling, G M. Lodge
Manipulation Of Botanical Composition Of Native Pastures By Grazing In Temperate South-East Australia, D L. Garden, D A. Friend, P M. Dowling, G M. Lodge
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Historical evidence indicates that substantial changes have occurred in the botanical composition of native pastures in temperate southeast Australia as a result of grazing by sheep and cattle. However, the resulting pastures now appear to be relatively stable and there has been limited success in changing composition experimentally. This paper reports the results of experiments conducted at four locations in south-east Australia designed to increase the proportion of desirable species in native pastures by grazing management.
Production, Stability And Biodiversity Of North Island New Zealand Kill Pastures, P K. Nicholass, P D. Kemp, D J. Barker, J L. Brock, D A. Grant
Production, Stability And Biodiversity Of North Island New Zealand Kill Pastures, P K. Nicholass, P D. Kemp, D J. Barker, J L. Brock, D A. Grant
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The relationship between pasture biomass and pasture stability with species diversity was derived for two low fertility, hill land sites. At one site, pasture production increased with an increased number of species contributing to biomass. The coefficient of variation in biomass, however, decreased with higher numbers of species. At a second site, pasture biomass was also found to increase with increasing species diversity, but the relationship between yield stability and species diversity was not as strong as at the first site. This suggested there were other factors that influenced the stability of pastures, which could include the substitution effect between …
Disturbance By Mechanical Phosphorous Fertilization On The Cover And Biomass Of Humid Alkaline Communities Of The Flooding Pampa (Argentina), O E. Ansin, E M. Oyhamburu, J L. Delgado Caffe
Disturbance By Mechanical Phosphorous Fertilization On The Cover And Biomass Of Humid Alkaline Communities Of The Flooding Pampa (Argentina), O E. Ansin, E M. Oyhamburu, J L. Delgado Caffe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the impact of mechanical perturbations, phosphorous fertilization and grazing on the native grasslands. Six treatments were tested: three without grazing and three subjected to grazing. Both situations were plowed, plowed plus fertilization or kept untreated. During the study botanical composition, vegetative cover, species diversity and above ground biomass were measured. Plowed and plowed plus fertilization treatments drastically reduce all of these parameters related to community structure and forage production. These figures contrasted with the non-perturbated treatments, were values did not change significantly from the original state. Mechanical perturbations provoked reductions on grassland …
Effect Of Cattle Grazing On The Aridity Level Of Humid Halomorphic Grass Communities Of The Flooding Pampa (Argentina), O E. Ansin, V A. Deregibus
Effect Of Cattle Grazing On The Aridity Level Of Humid Halomorphic Grass Communities Of The Flooding Pampa (Argentina), O E. Ansin, V A. Deregibus
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Argentine Flooding Pampa is a large humid rangeland, severely deteriorated by cattle grazing, to the point of causing the local extinction of many native grasses and important alterations in ecosystem function. Among grassland communities exist those that vegetate halomorphic soils, highly degraded due continuous grazing by domestic herbivores causing soil denudation and increased aridity. An alternate grazing method, that controls the periodicity and moment of important rest periods followed by disturbance events, should increase cover and favor water availability. This succession process will determine more vigorous and abundant foraging species in the degraded communities. After six years of controlled …