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2022

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Articles 661 - 670 of 670

Full-Text Articles in Agricultural Science

Getting To The Root Cause: The Genetic Underpinnings Of Root System Architecture And Rhizodeposition In Sorghum, Farren Smith Jan 2022

Getting To The Root Cause: The Genetic Underpinnings Of Root System Architecture And Rhizodeposition In Sorghum, Farren Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Plants are some of the most diverse organisms on earth, consisting of more than 350,000 different species. To understand the underlying processes that contributed to plant diversification, it is fundamental to identify the genetic and genomic components that facilitated various adaptations over evolutionary history. Most studies to date have focused on the underlying controls of above-ground traits such as grain and vegetation; however, little is known about the “hidden half” of plants. Root systems comprise half of the total plant structure and provide vital functions such as anchorage, resource acquisition, and storage of energy reserves. The execution of these key …


Study Of Root System Architectural Traits Of Oat And Response To Endophyte Inoculation And Drought Stress, Krishna Ghimire Jan 2022

Study Of Root System Architectural Traits Of Oat And Response To Endophyte Inoculation And Drought Stress, Krishna Ghimire

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Oat is an important cereal crop grown worldwide. Oats have the potential to contribute to human health due to their unique nutritional attributes. Developing oat cultivars with efficient root systems able to extract heterogeneously distributed soil resources can help maintain yield under drought conditions and in nutrient poor soil. Various root traits determine the soil volume that is explored by the root system for resource acquisition. Knowledge about the genetic control of oat root traits and response to biotic and abiotic environmental factors is lacking. Identifying quantitative trait loci associated with root traits and understanding the response of roots to …


Keeping What You Sow: Intellectual Property Rights For Plant Breeders And Seed Growers, Paulina B. Jenney Jan 2022

Keeping What You Sow: Intellectual Property Rights For Plant Breeders And Seed Growers, Paulina B. Jenney

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Over the last 150 years, the food system in the present-day United States has undergone a transformational restructuring, from a diversified, decentralized, network of farmers and seed growers, to one in which the majority of crop production is controlled by a few industrial corporations. The consolidation of power has been under-girded by the application of intellectual property rights (IPR)—especially utility patents—to plant varieties and genetic traits, which are leveraged to exclude small-scale seed growers from accessing quality germplasm. Patents and restrictive licensing agreements recapitulate colonial structures by appropriating common and traditionally community-held resources for profit, and by creating reliance on …


Reduced Chelate Strength Increases Iron Bioavailability For Monocots In Hydroponic Culture, Paul Kusuma, Bruce Bugbee Jan 2022

Reduced Chelate Strength Increases Iron Bioavailability For Monocots In Hydroponic Culture, Paul Kusuma, Bruce Bugbee

Hydroponics/Soilless Media

Hydroponically grown corn (Zea mays) is highly susceptible to Fe-chlorosis. Iron (Fe) is essential for chlorophyll synthesis. Metals bound to chelates have reduced bioavailability (activity) compared to free ions.


Managing Agricultural Nitrogen Losses In Crop Production And Mitigation Of Climate Change Effects, Winnie Ntinyari, Mekonnen Giweta, James Mutegi, Cargele Masso, Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango Jan 2022

Managing Agricultural Nitrogen Losses In Crop Production And Mitigation Of Climate Change Effects, Winnie Ntinyari, Mekonnen Giweta, James Mutegi, Cargele Masso, Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Nitrogen (N) losses from cropping systems negatively affect soil quality/fertility, crop yield, and the environment through its contribution to climate change and water pollution. İt possesses oil-water-atmospheric system challenges to both the too much and the too little N application countries. Soil and climatic factors are the critical drivers of N loss from agricultural systems as they influence major processes like nitrification and denitrification. Other N loss pathways include leaching, runoff, and volatilization. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) gases are the two pollutants resulting from N fertilizers in crop production and represent N loss’ significant pathway. Nitrous oxide is …


A Benefit-Cost Analysis Approach For Determining The Optimal Processing Of Micronutrient-Enriched Cowpea Leaf Soup Mixes, Joshua Ombaka Owade, George Ooko Abong’, Michael Wandayi Okoth, Agnes Wakesho Mwang’Ombe Jan 2022

A Benefit-Cost Analysis Approach For Determining The Optimal Processing Of Micronutrient-Enriched Cowpea Leaf Soup Mixes, Joshua Ombaka Owade, George Ooko Abong’, Michael Wandayi Okoth, Agnes Wakesho Mwang’Ombe

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Cost-effective techniques are usually recommended in the dissemination and adoption of postharvest processing technologies of food products. Due to limited value addition practices for cowpea leaf, the Fruits and Vegetables for All Seasons Project undertook a study to bridge the gap in the seasonal availability of the vegetable in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) of Kenya through the production of cowpea leaf soup mix. However, the adoption of these techniques has an economic perspective that guides decision-making. This study utilized a two-stage linear programming methodology using NutriSurvey and the analytic hierarchy process in a seven-step hierarchy for the production …


Potential Of Entomocomposting Toward Soil Pathogen Suppression, Dennis Beesigamukama, María Gómez-Brandón, Chrysantus Mbi Tanga Jan 2022

Potential Of Entomocomposting Toward Soil Pathogen Suppression, Dennis Beesigamukama, María Gómez-Brandón, Chrysantus Mbi Tanga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Waste accumulation and microbial pollution are key environmental challenges in most developing countries. Land filling, the commonest waste disposal method, is not sustainable due to land scarcity and point source pollution. Thus, a large fraction of organic wastes is not properly disposed, yet the conventional methods of waste recycling are less effective. The degradation of waste using insect life stages (entomocomposting) has emerged as a novel tool that is fast, affordable, and sustainable in recycling organic wastes with maximum pathogen suppression. This bioconversion process also generates an organic fertilizer with potential to enhance soil remediation and provide additional benefits on …


Performance Of Black Soldier Fly Frass Fertiliser On Maize (Zea Mays L.) Growth, Yield, Nutritional Quality, And Economic Returns, C. M. Tanga, D. Beesigamukama, M. Kassie, P. J. Egonyu, Changeh J. Ghemoh, Kiatoko Nkoba, S. Subramanian, A. O. Anyega, S. Ekesi Jan 2022

Performance Of Black Soldier Fly Frass Fertiliser On Maize (Zea Mays L.) Growth, Yield, Nutritional Quality, And Economic Returns, C. M. Tanga, D. Beesigamukama, M. Kassie, P. J. Egonyu, Changeh J. Ghemoh, Kiatoko Nkoba, S. Subramanian, A. O. Anyega, S. Ekesi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Although the black soldier fly frass fertiliser (BSFFF) is globally recognised as a promising and potential high-quality organic fertiliser, there is inadequate information on its impact on the growth performance and nutritional status of maize. Furthermore, no information exist on their combination with mineral fertiliser (NPK) as well as economic impact on maize production. This study evaluated the comparative impact of BSFFF, NPK and commercial organic fertiliser (Evergrow®) on growth, nitrogen use efficiency, yield, nutritional quality, and profitability of maize under greenhouse conditions. The treatments included: (1) sole application of BSFFF, conventional compost of brewers’ spent grain (BSG), Evergrow, and …


Economic And Ecological Values Of Frass Fertiliser From Black Soldier Fly Agro-Industrial Waste Processing, D. Beesigamukama, B. Mochoge, N. Korir, K. Menale, B. Muriithi, M. Kidoido, H. Kirscht, G. Diiro, C. J. Ghemoh, S. Sevgan, D. Nakimbugwe, M. W. Musyoka, S. Ekesi, C. M. Tanga Jan 2022

Economic And Ecological Values Of Frass Fertiliser From Black Soldier Fly Agro-Industrial Waste Processing, D. Beesigamukama, B. Mochoge, N. Korir, K. Menale, B. Muriithi, M. Kidoido, H. Kirscht, G. Diiro, C. J. Ghemoh, S. Sevgan, D. Nakimbugwe, M. W. Musyoka, S. Ekesi, C. M. Tanga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The sustainable utilisation of black soldier fly (BSF) for recycling organic waste into high-quality protein feed and organic fertiliser with a low environmental footprint is gaining momentum worldwide. Although BSF farming is becoming a rapidly growing agribusiness, studies on the BSF farming’s economic aspects are limited. This study analysed the economic benefits of farming BSF for animal feeds and composted frass, called frass fertiliser (FF) production using experimental data. The BSF larvae were fed on brewery spent grain amended with sawdust, biochar, and gypsum to determine the cost-effective feed and other by-products production. The agronomic performance of FF on the …


Nitrogen Use Efficiency Trends For Sustainable Crop Productivity In Lake Victoria Basin: Smallholder Farmers' Perspectives On Nitrogen Cycling, Winnie Ntinyari, Joseph Gweyi-Onyango, Mekonnen Giweta, Benson Mochoge, James Mutegi, Generose Nziguheba, Cargele Masso Jan 2022

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Trends For Sustainable Crop Productivity In Lake Victoria Basin: Smallholder Farmers' Perspectives On Nitrogen Cycling, Winnie Ntinyari, Joseph Gweyi-Onyango, Mekonnen Giweta, Benson Mochoge, James Mutegi, Generose Nziguheba, Cargele Masso

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) is one of the established metrics for benchmarking management of Nitrogen (N) in various systems. Numerous approaches to calculateNUEexist, making it difficult to compare the performances of systems depending on the methodology used. This study adopted the conceptualized framework by European Union Nitrogen Expert Panel (EUNEP) to calculateNUE values for cereal crops to determine future trends for the first time in the Lake Victoria region. Data were collected through in-person interviews among maize and rice smallholder farmers within the Lake Victoria region. Atotal of 293 observations were recorded. Collected data on yield andNfertilizer were used to …