Agricultural Science Commons^™

The Effect Of Plant Population On The Yield And Quality Of Annual Rye-Grass, M. E. V. L. Lourenço, P. M. M. Palma

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of three plant population levels (350, 750 and 1150 plants m^-2) on dry matter yield and forage quality (crude protein and dry matter digestibility) of four rye-grass genotypes (Barspectra, Billion, Clipper and Pollanum) used in two harvests (March and May).

The results for dry matter yield means by year, genotype, and harvest were always higher in the second harvest than in the first, and the highest total mean value was reached in the first year (5853 Kg ha^-1). The genotype Billion was the most stable …

High Yielding And Disease Resistant Elephant Grass Suitable For Intensive Smallholder Dairy Farmers In Kenya, A. B. Orodho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Kenya, over 80% of milk is produced by the smallholder dairy farmers who mainly practice semi or zero-grazing dairy management system. Scarcity of livestock feed is a great limiting factor in the dairy industry, especially in the small scale farming systems which rely mostly on fodder. Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum) is the major livestock feed and its productivity depends mostly on management practices. The current fodder crops grown by farmers have been developed through systematic research of collection/introductions, screening and evaluation of forages for their suitability as livestock feed. These adopted fodder cultivars are undergoing yield reduction due …

Intake And Digestibility Of Black Locust Foliage Fed To Growing Goat Wethers, L. J. Unruh, J-M. Luginbuhl, J. P. Mueller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leaves of Black locust (BL, Robinia pseudoacacia), a native southeastern United States tree species known to contain substantial levels of condensed tannins, were fed to 16, four month old (20.4 kg body weight [BW]) Boer wether goats (Capra hircus hircus) to determine their effects on intake and digestibility. Four diets were stall fed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Diets included: (1) 100% eastern gamagrass (EGH; Tripsacum dactyloides) hay; (2) 70% EGH and 30% mixture of ground corn (GC; Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) meal (SBM); (3) 75% …

Importance Of Considering Rate Of Passage When Determining Energy Content Of Forages For High Producing Animals, Dan J. Undersander, D. K. Combs, Edgard P. Beyer, Marcello T. Rodrigues

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of higher rates of passage and correspondingly lower rumen retention times on digestion of forages. One hundred and fifty samples of legumes, grasses and grass-legume mixtures were collected from farmer samples submitted to commercial forage testing laboratories and 32 samples of alfalfa at varying maturity were collected from research plots. In vitro digestions were performed for either 24 or 48 hours followed by neutral detergent analysis. Neither acid detergent fiber (ADF) nor neutral detergent fiber (NDF) predicted the standard 48-hour digestion very well (r² = -0.38 and B0.26, respectively). …

Nutritional Quality Of Digitaria Eriantha Steudel. Subsp. Eriantha Cv. Irene, M. J. L. Privitello, R. L. Sager

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Digitaria eriantha is a South African perennial grass, C4 type, that grows during spring and summer with rainfalls higher than 400mm. The aim of this paper was to evaluate its nutritional quality profile: Crude Protein (%CP), True Protein (%TP), Soluble Protein (%SP), Non-Protein Nitrogen (%NPN), Neutral Detergent Fiber (%NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (%ADF) in cumulative production cuttings during a species cycle. In-sacco technique was applied to estimate the degradability of dry matter (DM). A simple regression statistics method was applied to relate different nutritional parameters. Digitaria eriantha presents low percentage of CP from flowering and of NPN during its …

Agronomic Potential And Nutritive Value Of Promising Leucaena Species In The Yucatan Peninsula, Luis Ramírez-Avilés, W. O. Cruz, Francisco J. Solorio-Sánchez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the agronomic potential, the nutritive value and the tolerance to psyllid (Heteropsilla cubana) of nine Leucaena species. A randomized block design with four repetitions was used. There were significant (P< 0.01) differences on dry matter production (i.e. leaf and twigs yield ). L. collinsii showed the most promising result, which could be related to its high psyllid tolerance. In a second experiment, the preference indices of Leucaena species was assessed with sixteen male pelibuey sheep in a cafeteria trial. There were significant (P< 0.0001) differences among Leucaena species. L. esculenta paniculata was the species most preferred . There was no relationship between chemical composition …

Ramon (Brosimun Alicastrum) Foliage As Supplement For Lactating Dual Purpose Cows, Carlos A. Sandoval-Castro, R. Cetina, I. Pérez, Luis Ramírez-Avilés

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the present study was to asses the value of ramón (Brosimun alicastrum) foliage as a N-source in replacement of soybean-N in lactating dual purpose cows (Bos indicus x B. taurus). Four lactating cows were used in a latin rectangle design. Ramón was included to replace 0, 33, 66 and 100 % of the soybean-N contained in the supplement. Basal diet was fresh “Taiwán” a cultivar of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) fed ad libitum. Basal and total dry matter intake, digestibility (total fecal collection), saleable and calf suckled milk yields, and …

Dry Matter Yield, In Vitro Digestibility, Protein And Fiber Composition Of 'Tifton 9' Bahiagrass (Paspalum Notatum) At Six Maturities, J. M. B. Vendramini, C. M. Haddad, Carlos G. S. Pedreira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this research was to evaluate dry matter yield, in vitro digestibility, and the concentrations of protein and cell wall components in 'Tifton 9’clipped at six maturities. Herbage was cut at the age of 20, 27, 34, 41, 48 and 55 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with six trataments (ages) and four replications. Dry matter yield and acid detergent fiber ranged from 188 g m^-2, to 593 g m^-2 and 386.9 g kg^-1 to 375.1 g kg^-1 respectively, with the cubic regression model having the best fit (P< 0.05). Concentrations of crude protein decreased linearly (P< 0.05) from 121 to 69 g kg^-1. …

In Situ Degradability Of Hand Harvested Or Extrusa Samples Of Tanzania Grass (Panicum Maximum, Jacq.), T. T. Berchielli, A. K. D. Salman, R. N. Silveira, W. V. B. Soares, J. R. Nogueira, S. N. Kronka

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to compare the in situ degradability of tanzania grass samples obtained as by extrusa or hand plucked, three ruminal fistulated cows were used in a completely randomized block design with split-plot scheme. Five grams of extrusa or hand harvested grasses were placed in nylon bags rumen incubated during 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 120 hours. The degradability of DM, CP, NDF and ADF were, in this sequence, 62.59, 80.88, 50.73 and 46.65%, for hand harvested grass; and 79.53, 90.97, 71.21 and 65.68%, for extrusa. In situ degradability data of hand harvested samples were not reliable.

Herbivore Preference For Afternoon- And Morning-Cut Forages And Adoption Of Cutting Management Strategies, H. F. Mayland, J. C. Burns, D. S. Fisher, Glenn E. Shewmaker, R. Carlstrom, D. S. Cash

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Photosynthesizing forage plants accumulate total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) during daylight, but then TNC concentrations are reduced during the night. Afternoon-cut forage (PM) has greater TNC value and thus economic value, than morning-cut (AM). Livestock prefer PM-cut hay and this can be readily demonstrated by offering animals a choice of hays cut in PM and AM. Alfalfa growers in the western United States are readily adopting PM-cutting technology to increase profits.

Near Infra-Red Measurement Of Nonstructural Carbohydrates In Alfalfa Hay, H. F. Mayland, J. C. Burns, D. S. Fisher, Glenn E. Shewmaker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Recently documented benefits from afternoon versus morning cut forage have encouraged laboratory reporting of total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) values as part of forage quality testing. Our objective was to determine if infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS), which is being used in many forage testing labs, could be reliably used to quantify forage sugars in hay samples. We used two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) sample populations that were analyzed by wet chemistry for sugars and scanned by NIRS. The first set consisted of field-dried hay samples that were oven dried at 70^oC and the second consisted of fresh, freeze-dried samples. …

Intake And Qualitative Aspects Of Guinea Grass Grazed By Sheep Over Three Different Seasons, Willem A. Van Niekerk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of season on intake by sheep as well as certain selected qualitative characteristics of Panicum maximum (cv Gatton) (Guinea grass) at the mature growing stage. The lower DM content of the spring and summer grass (41.6 and 40.2%) did not hamper DOMI (48.1 and 26.7 W^0.75/d), respectively. The N concentration of the spring and summer grass was well within the limit required for optimal rumen microbial production (1.8 - 2.0%). The high cell wall components of the winter grass resulted most probably in a significant lower IVDOM value …

Identification And Quantification Of N-Alkanes In Three Tropical Grasses, T. C. M. Genro, Ê. R. Prates, L. R. L. De S. Thiago, M. Herrero, V. Sabatel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The main goal of this paper was to quantify the profile of n-alkanes in three tropical grasses. Hand plucking samples to simulate grazing were taking from Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon. These samples were collected from an experiment established to assess intensive beef production from grasses throughout the year, under rotational grazing. Rotation order through the paddocks remained constant, with 30 days of rest after each grazing bout (16 paddocks, 2 days of grazing). Profiles of n-alkanes were analysed in three separate periods of the year: in the middle of the dry …

Determination Of N-Alkanes At Different Stratum Heights In A Pasture Of Panicum Maximum Cv. Mombaça, T. C. M. Genro, L. R. L. De S. Thiago, Ê. R. Prates, M. Herrero, V. Sabatel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of this experiment was to determine n-alkane levels in the stem + leaf sheath and leaf blade components of a pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, harvested in 20 cm stratified layers. This pasture was under rotational grazing for intensive beef production throughout the year. The grazing system was based on the use of 16 paddocks with a 2-day grazing period followed by a 30-day resting period. Profiles of n-alkanes were determined in samples harvested in three separate periods: in the middle of the dry season (August 97; PERIOD 1), at the beginning of the wet season (November …

Observation Of Bundle Sheath Digestion Of Panicum Maximum Jacq,, B. Lempp, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Maria Da Graça Morais, D. M. Victor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cross-sections of available forage and extrusa fractions of leaf blades of Tanzânia-1, Mombaça and Massai grasses were evaluated for anatomic structure and observations of residue of in vitro digestibility. The observations showed greater frequency of scherenchyma girders in leaf blades of cv Massai, compared with order grasses. Tanzânia-1 and Mombaça residues were more susceptible to digestion, while Massai presented more frequently scherenchyma girders associated with less digestible bundle sheath.

A Simple Method For Estimating Alfalfa Fiber Content In The Field, Reuben M. Sulc, K. A. Albrecht, V. N. Owens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Predictive equations for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) quality (PEAQ) based on length of the longest stem and maturity stage of the most mature stem in a sample were developed and validated for estimating neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations in alfalfa. The objective of this research was to validate PEAQ with a simplified maturity scale when estimating fiber content. Alfalfa samples varying in height and maturity were collected throughout the growing season from fields across six states in USA. Observed NDF and ADF values (determined via wet chemistry) were regressed on estimated values. The estimated …

Using Uav Technology Paired With Multispectral Cameras To Assess Crown Rust Epidemics In Oats, Turner A. Graham

LSU Master's Theses

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia cornonata f. sp. avenae, is a common disease of oats (Avena sativa) found virtually everywhere oats are cultivated. This disease has caused yield losses of 10 to 40% worldwide. Early detection is important for effective management. A more recently utilized technology in agriculture is unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). UAVs, or drones, equipped with cameras are now being used as a resource to take images of fields to identify pests and other issues that may be occurring. Normalized differentiated vegetative index (NDVI) is a numerical indicator used to determine the vegetative health of …

Effective Growing Degree Days As A Critical Factor For Yield And Qualitative Values Of Timothy In Subarctic Growing Conditions, Oiva Nissinen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The yield and forage quality of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) leys at different stages of development were studied in 1991-1999 at the Lapland Research Station of the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland in Rovaniemi (66^o35´N). The aim of the study was to determine the optimal time for the first cut with respect to yield and qualitative values. In timothy the first heads were visible on 25 June on average and full heading was seen on 5 July, i.e. some ten days later. During this period the dry matter yield increased from 2769 to 4945 kg/ha, crude protein …

Duration Of Regrowth Of Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) Swards: Effects On Rumen Fermentation Of Lactating Dairy Cows, P. Chilibroste, S. Tamminga, H. Boer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The relative importance of duration of sward regrowth and rumen fill and fermentation on the control of grazing time and intake rate during the first grazing session of the day were studied. Four lactating dairy cows were allowed to graze ryegrass (Lolium perenne) swards, with five different regrowth periods after mowing (6, 9, 16, 22 and 30 d). The cows were allowed to graze until they stopped voluntarily. Samples of rumen liquid were taken at approximately 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after the grazing session was finished. Concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) followed a significant …

Establishment Of Tanzania Grass Pasture Using Millet As A Companion Crop, José C. Pinto, M. C. Maia, I. F. De Andrade, I. P. A. Dos Santos, E. R. P. Bomfim, K. R. Soares

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage yield and quality of millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and tanzania grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania I) were evaluated when grown in mixture. The treatments evaluated were four seed mixture combinations, based on a standard sowing density of 8 kg.ha^-1, of tanzania grass/millet (08/00; 05/03; 04/04 and 03/05 kg.ha^-1) and three cutting frequencies (1 cutting – 100th day after sowing; 2 cuttings – 50th and 100th days after sowing and 3 cuttings – 40th, 70th and 100th days after sowing), in a randomized complete block design, with four replications, in a …

Evaluation And Utilization Of A Tall Fescue Germplasm Collection At Pergamino Inta, Argentina, B. S. Rosso, E. M. Pagano, P. Rimieri

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

One hundred and fifty four accessions of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) representing different types grown around the world were evaluated at Pergamino Inta Experimental Station. A multivariate analysis was carried out to evaluate individual and group variations. Three principal components (PCs) explained 70 % of the variation. Cluster analysis (Ward method) allowed the identification of 7 groups of populations. Plants from the most promising populations were selected in order to form a new breeding gene pool. The main objective of this study is to develop a new cultivar with improved winter herbage yield. Selected genotypes were mostly of …

Effects Of Selection On Morphological Characteristics In Setaria Sphacelata (Schumach.) Moss, Liana Jank, Kenneth H. Quesenberry, P. Mislevy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cattle production in Florida is limited by the lack of available warm-season forages adapted to the cool winters of the region. Setaria (S. sphacelata) has demonstrated green growth during cool conditions in subtropical climates around the world, and has the potential to fill this niche in cattle production in Florida. Four populations were selected in Gainesville and Ona, Florida: two cycles of selection for increased head number, one cycle for increased leaf width and one cycle for grazing tolerance. The objectives of this research were to compare these populations morphologically to determine changes due to selection. Selection for …

Evaluation Of Leucaena Genotypes, F. B. Sousa, M. R. A. Araujo, J. A. Araujo Filho, J. Sousa Neto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) performance and to select the best genotypes, based on yield,.stability parameters, and quality parameters. Annual leucaena yields were obtained by cuts over the rainy and dry seasons. A combined analysis of variance for yield, and quality parameters was performed. Also stability parameters and coeficients of determination were estimated. The combined ANOVA for edible dry matter yield and for acid detergent fiber, and digestibility revealed a significant difference for genotypes, environments, genotypes x environments, row spacings, cutting frequencies, and cutting heights, Six genotypes of leucaena were selected …

Genotype-Environment Interaction For Forage Yield Of Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) In Mediterranean Environments, G. Pacucci, C. Troccoli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Genotype x environment (GE) interactions limit the effectiveness of selection when selection is based only on mean yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of GE interaction for vetch forage yield in some environments of Southern Italy, and to analyze some stability parameters that can be useful in the selection of genotypes adapted to Mediterranean environmental conditions. Eleven vetch genotypes were grown in a total of 16 environments in Southern Italy. The combined analysis of variance for forage yield showed that the environment, genotype and GE interaction terms were significant at 0.01 level, suggesting a broad …

Initial Biomass Production And Soluble Carbohydrate Partitioning Of Contrasting Elephantgrass Genotypes, L. P. Passos, M. C. Vidigal, R. S. Verneque

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The initial growth and soluble carbohydrate (SC) partitioning were examined in the following classes of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) genotypes: Dwarf (Anão, Mott and Roxo); Cameroon (Cameroon, Cameroon Piracicaba and Vruckwona); Embrapa hybrids (CNPGL F27-5 and Pioneiro); Interspecific hybrids (Hexaploide 201, Mercker X 23-A and Napier X 23-A; Mercker (Mercker Comum, Mercker Pinda and Teresópolis); and Napier (E.C. Itapemirim, Mineiro and Napier). After a 60-day growing period, total, leaf, stem and root FW and DW and stem, stem base, leaf and root SC content were determined. Cameroon-class cultivars showed the highest leaf and stem DW and whole stem SC …

Evaluation Of Guineagrass (Panicum Maximum Jacq) Hybrids In Brazil, Liana Jank, Cacilda B. Do Valle, J. De Carvalho, S. Calixto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) is responsible for a high percentage of cattle finishing and milk production in Brazil, but presents problems of pasture degradability due to high soil fertility requirements and uneven production distribution. In order to search for new varieties to reduce these problems, over four hundred apomictic accessions of guineagrass and several sexual plants were introduced to Brazil in 1982. Agronomic evaluation took place at the National Beef Cattle Research Center of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Beef Cattle), in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. Breeding of the apomictic species began in 1990 using sexual x apomictic …

Taxonomical Study Of Plant Species In Wadi Awaj (Al-Lasab) At Coastal Region Of Hadramout – Yemen, Mahroos Abdulla Ba-Hawerith, Mohammed Saeed Bin Qadim, Murad Mohammed Kanji, Dhekra Abdulla Maqram, Hassan Pyar Ali

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

This study was carried out to identify the plant species of Wadi Awaj (Al-Lasab) in Hadhramout governorate. The results of the field survey identified a total of 47 plant species 26 families and 43 genera including 39 wild plant species grown naturally. The total number of cultivated plants was 6 plant species, only two plant species are grown as both wild and cultivated species. The dicots were 43 species while monocots were represented as 4 species. The most dominant families were: Fabaceae(8 species and 5 genera), Apocynaceae (5 species and 5 genera), Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae and Zygophyllaceae (3 species and 3 …

A Study Of Morphological Characteristics And Yield Components Of Date Palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Cultivars )Scotri( At Some Farms In Hajar Valley Areas -Hadhramout Governorate, Yemen, Naif Mohammed Balateef, Salem Mohammed Bin Salman

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

This study was conducted at some farmers of date Palm (phoenix dactylifera L.) of Hajar valley areas . This valley is characterized by the growing date palm trees, which in turn contributes to food security in Hadhramout, and creates jobs to as many agricultural workers as possible, in addition to the importance of palm cultivation in community development. Field visits continued for 10 months during the agricultural season from November 2016 to August 2017. The results showed that the Scotri dates is considered the dominant cultivar, and it is propagated using offshoots only. The measurements of the phenotypic characteristics fall …

A Comparative Study Of Vegetation In Madar And Shohouh Valleys In Hadhramout, Salem Saeed Bacwud, Mohammed Saeed Khanbash, Salem Mohammed Bin Salman

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

Bee rangeland plants are the basic sector of successful bee projects because they possess a verified range of species whose flowers contain nectar and pollen grains used in bee feeding. The study is conducted in Madar valley and Shohouh valley in Hadhramout valley. The objectives of the study are to compare bee plant species scattered in the two valleys. The survey of plants was carried out in February and March 2017 using systematic sampling plots collection. The plant survey recorded 22 families, 42 genera and 48 species in Madar valley as well as recording 25 families, 42 genera and 52 …

The Coppices Length Growth Of Ziziphus Spina Christi ( L.) Willd. And Their Stems Diameters Accumulation Growth In Irrigated Areas At Wadi Shohouh - Hdhramaut, Ahmed Salem Bataher

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

Wadi Shohouh is located in main Wadi Hadhramaut as one of the tributary wadies Linked with the southern plateau. Attention has been paid by the Yemeni farmers to the multipurpose trees and shrubs that he agrees this agrofrestry tree or shrub of Ziizyphus trees in Wadi Shohouh to be one of the components of his farming system. Five farms of Ziizyphus trees in Wadi Shohouh, irrigated by wells water, have been selected. After felling trees height and stem diameter coppices for six years have been recorded, then static analysis has been computed. It is found that coppice height was high …