Agricultural Science Commons^™

Thermal And Mechanical Properties Of Compression-Molded Pmdi-Reinforced Pcl/Gluten Composites, Abdellatif Mohamed, Victoria L. Finkenstadt, Sherald H. Gordon, Debra E. Palmquist

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Many biopolymers and synthetic polymers composites were developed by different researchers for environmental protection and for cost reduction. One of these composites is polycaprolactone (PCL) and vital wheat gluten or wheat flour composites were prepared and compatibilized with polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) by blending and compression-molding. PCL/pMDI blend exhibited glass transition (T_g) at -67 °C (0.20 J/g/ °C) and vital gluten at 63 °C (0.45 J/g/ °C), whereas no T_g was recorded for wheat flour. Although T_g was unmistakable for either PCL or gluten, all composite exhibited one T_g, which is strong indication of …

Drivers Impacting The Adoption Of Sustainable Agricultural Management Practices And Production Systems Of The Northeast And Southeast United States, G. F. Sassenrath, J. M. Halloran, D. Archer, R. L. Raper, J. Hendrickson, P. Vadas, J. Hanson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Agricultural production responds to social, political, economic, environmental, and technological drivers that influence producers’ decisions and shape the individual systems through modification of management practices, crop and livestock mix, and marketing strategy. We use an interview and discussion approach with producer panels to examine production systems in the eastern United States and explore key drivers impacting their unique characteristics and development. The internal social driver that values the farming lifestyle is a principle factor that leads people to choose farming. Irrespective of location, farming is first and foremost a lifestyle choice. The choice of type of production system is partly …

Cloning, Expression, And Immunogenicity Of Flavobacterium Columnare Heat Shock Protein Dnaj, Oscar Olivares-Fuster, Jeffery S. Terhune, Craig A. Shoemaker, Covadonga R. Arias

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Flavobacterium columnare heat shock protein (HSP) gene dnaJ* was isolated, cloned, expressed, and used as an antigen in a recombinant vaccine strategy for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The F. columnare dnaJ* sequence was obtained from genomovars I and II and showed intraspecies variability. Recombinant protein was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli cultures and injected intraperitoneally (12 lg of purified DnaJ/fish) into fingerling channel catfish. In addition, induced (expressing the recombinant DnaJ) and uninduced (no recombinant protein being produced) E. coli cultures were also used to immunize fish. At 28 d postimmunization, antibody response was evaluated and the …

Production Characteristics And Body Composition Of Juvenile Cobia Fed Three Different Commercial Diets In Recirculating Aquaculture Systems, Charles R. Weirich, Paul S. Wills, Richard M. Baptiste, Marty A. Riche

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effect of feeding three commercial diets on production characteristics and body composition of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum reared using recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) was assessed in a 56-d growth trial. Juvenile cobia (mean weight ± SE, 29.2 ± 0.7 g) were stocked into three 8-m³ tanks in each of four RASs at an initial density of 1.2 kg/m³. After stocking, fish were fed one of three commercial diets: Hybrid Striped Bass diet (HSB; 44% protein, 12% lipid), Finfish Gold diet (GOLD; 42% protein, 16% lipid), or Marine Grower diet (MG; 50% protein, 15% lipid), all at …

Comparisons Of Sperm Storage Tubule Distribution And Number In 4 Strains Of Mature Broiler Breeders And In Turkey Hens Before And After The Onset Of Photostimulation, M. R. Bakst, A. M. Donoghue, D. E. Yoho, J. R. Moyle, S. M. Whipple, M. J. Camp, G. Q. Liu, R. K. Bramwell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The biological basis of sustained fertility in broiler and turkey hens is their capacity to store sperm in the oviductal sperm storage tubules (SST) located in the uterovaginal junction. The objectives of this study were to determine if the numbers of SST varied between 4 strains of broiler breeders and determine the number of SST in the turkey before (less than 9 d of photostimulation) and after (up to 22 d of photostimulation and laying) photostimulation. No statistical differences were observed in SST numbers in the 4 strains of broilers examined or in turkey hens before and after the onset …

Identification Of Protein Carbonyls In Serum Of The Fetal And Neonatal Pig, Thomas J. Caperna, Amy E. Shannon, Le Ann Blomberg, Wesley M. Garrett, Timothy G. Ramsay

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Oxidation of serum proteins leads to non-reversible carbonyl formation which alters their function and is associated with stress-related disease processes. The primary objective of this study was to quantify and identify oxidized serum proteins in fetal and newborn piglets. Protein carbonyls were converted to hydrazones with dinitrophenyl hydrazine and quantified spectrophotometrically. For identification, serum protein carbonyls were derivatized with biotin hydrazide, separated by 2D PAGE and stained with FITCavidin. Biotin-labeled proteins were excised from gels and identified by mass spectrometry. At birth, carbonyls were determined to be ∼600 pmole/mg serum protein. Fetuses at 50 and 100 days of gestation had …

Volatiles Emitted From Eight Wound-Isolated Bacteria Differentially Attract Gravid Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) To Oviposit, M. F. Chaudhury, Steven R. Skoda, A. Sagel, J. B. Welch

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Bovine blood inoculated with bacteria isolated from screwworm [Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)]-infested animal wounds was tested as an attractant for oviposition for gravid screwworms. Eight species of gram-negative coliform (Enterobacteriaceae) bacteria mixed with bovine blood singly or all species combined and incubated for various times produced volatiles that attracted gravid flies in a cage bioassay in varying numbers. In 15-min duration tests, volatiles from five species of bacteria (Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, and Providencia stuartii) attracted more females than volatiles of the three species (Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter …

2010 Across-Breed Epd Table, Larry Kuehn, Mark Thallman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The table of adjustment factors to be used to estimate across-breed expected progeny differences (AB-EPDs) for eighteen breeds was presented at the Beef Improvement Federation Annual Meeting in Columbia, MO, on June 30 (see Table 1). Across-breed adjustment factors have been calculated for growth traits and maternal milk since 1993. Adjustment factors for carcass traits have been calculated since 2008; to be included, breeds must have carcass data in the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) database and report their carcass EPDs on an actual carcass basis using an age-adjusted endpoint. Bulls of different breeds can be compared on the …

Effects Of Prescribed Fire And Herbicide Application On Cattle Grazing And Herbage Production From Yellow Bluestem Pastures, S. A. Gunter, R. L. Gillen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Forage management practices influence the quantity and quality of forage available to grazing cattle. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of prescribed fire or herbicides on the density of forbs, the production and nutritive value of the herbage, and the performance of beef steers grazing Yellow bluestem [Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng var. ischaemum (Hack.) Celarier and Harlan] pastures. The experiment was conducted in northwestern Oklahoma from 1998 through 2000, and the untreated pastures (control) were not burned or sprayed. The prescribed-fire treatment (PFT) occurred annually between March 27 and April 10. The herbicide treatment (HT) consisted …

A Comparison Of Cumulative-Germination Response Of Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum L.) And Five Perennial Bunchgrass Species To Simulated Field-Temperature Regimes, Stuart P. Hardegree, Corey A. Moffet, Bruce A. Roundy, Thomas A. Jones, Stephen J. Novak, Patrick E. Clark, Frederick B. Pierson, Gerald N. Flerchinger

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) has come to dominate millions of hectares of rangeland in the Intermountain western United States. Previous studies have hypothesized that one mechanism conferring a competitive advantage to this species is the ability to germinate rapidly at low temperatures in the fall, winter and spring and, therefore, initiate growth and establishment more rapidly than more desirable perennial bunchgrass species. In this experiment, we developed thermal-germination-response models for multiple seedlots of cheatgrass and five perennial grass species. We conducted sensitivity analysis on potential-cumulative-germination response to a 38-year simulation of field-variable conditions of seedbed temperature and moisture. Cheatgrass …

Expression And Self-Assembly Of Virus-Like Particles From Two Genotypes Of Marine Vesiviruses And Development Of An Elisa For The Detection Of Antibodies, Shasta D. Mcclenahan, Karin Bok, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, John D. Neill, Kathy A. Burek, Kimberlee B. Beckmen, Alvin W. Smith, Kim Y. Green, Carlos H. Romero

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sequences encoding the major and minor capsid proteins (VP1 and VP2) from two marine vesivirus isolates (Steller sea lion viruses V810 and V1415) were engineered for expression of virus-like particles (VLPs) in the baculovirus system. The resulting VLPs were morphologically similar to native vesivirus virions. Purified VLPs were probed in immunoblots with pooled antisera specific for nine San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) types, and a predominant protein of approximately 60 kDa was detected. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies was developed in which the VLPs served as antigen. The VLPs were adsorbed to the …

Groundwater Nutrient Concentrations During Prairie Reconstruction On An Iowa Landscape, M.D. Tomer, K.E. Schilling, C.A. Cambardella, P. Jacobson, P. Drobney

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

One anticipated benefit of ecosystem restoration is water quality improvement. This study evaluated NO₃-N and phosphorus in subsurface waters during prairie establishment following decades of row-crop agriculture. A prairie seeding in late 2003 became established in 2006. Wells and suction cup samplers were monitored for NO₃-N and phosphorus. Nitrate-N varied with time and landscape position. Nondetectable NO₃-N concentrations became modal along ephemeral drainageways in 2006, when average concentrations in uplands first became <10mg NO₃-N L⁻¹. This decline continued and upland groundwater averaged near 2mg NO₃-N L⁻¹ after 2007. The …

Optimized Construction Of Microsatellite-Enriched Libraries, Natascha Techen, R. S. Arias, Neil C. Glynn, Zhiqiang Pan, Ikhlas A. Khan, Brian E. Scheffler

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The construction of microsatellite-enriched libraries is an indispensable tool to search for molecular markers as complete genome sequences are still not available for the majority of species of interest. Numerous protocols are available in the literature for the construction of these libraries; however, sometimes their low efficiency or lack of optimization in the protocols can restrict their efficacy. We have designed and tested various adapters and ligation methods; we also tested oligo-repeat combinations and hybridization temperatures, and created libraries with this new protocol for four organisms: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, Chionanthus retusus Lindley & Paxton, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Olivera …

Genetic Improvement In Winter Wheat Yields In The Great Plains Of North America, 1959–2008, Robert A. Graybosch, C. James Peterson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Data from USDA-coordinated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) regional performance nurseries collected over the time period 1959 to 2008 were used to estimate genetic gain (loss) in grain yield, grain volume weight, days to heading, and plant height in winter wheats adapted to the Great Plains of North America. In both the Southern Regional (SRPN) and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries (NRPN), linear regression revealed significant positive relationships between relative grain yields of advanced breeding lines and calendar year of the nursery trial. The estimated genetic gain in grain yield potential since 1959 was approximately 1.1% (of the control cultivar …

Novel Carboxamides As Potential Mosquito Repellents, Alan R. Katritzky, Zuoquan Wang, Svetoslav Slavov, Dimitar A. Dobchev, C. Dennis Hall, Maia Tsikolia, Ulrich R. Bernier, Natasha M. Elejalde, Gary G. Clark, Kenneth J. Linthicum

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A model was developed using 167 carboxamide derivatives, from the United States Department of Agriculture archival database, that were tested as arthropod repellents over the past 60 yr. An artificial neural network employing CODESSA PRO descriptors was used to construct a quantitative structure-activity relationship model for prediction of novel mosquito repellents. By correlating the structure of these carboxamides with complete protection time, a measure of repellency based on duration, 34 carboxamides were predicted as candidate mosquito repellents. There were four additional compounds selected on the basis of their structural similarity to those predicted. The compounds were synthesized either by reaction …

Structure-Activity Relationships Of 33 Carboxamides As Toxicants Against Female Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), Julia Pridgeon, James J. Becnel, Ulrich R. Bernier, Gary G. Clark, Kenneth J. Linthicum

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Aedes aegypti L. is the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses, and use of aerosolized insecticides is one of the primary ways to control this medically important mosquito. However, few new insecticides have been developed for mosquito control in recent years. As a part of our effort to search for new insecticides to control mosquitoes, toxicities of 33 carboxamides were evaluated against female A. aegypti by topical application. This group included nine different categories of compounds, namely benzamides, phenyl-propenamides, propanamides, butanamides, butenamides, pentanamides, pentenamides, hexanamides, and hexenamides, that exhibited varying levels of toxicity against this mosquito species. The …

Potential For Stable Flies And House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) To Transmit Rift Valley Fever Virus1, Michael J. Turell, David J. Dohm, Christopher J. Geden, Jerome A. Hogsette, Kenneth Linthicum

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Rift Valley fever (RVF), a disease of ruminants and humans, has been responsible for large outbreaks in Africa that have resulted in hundreds of thousands of human infections and major economic disruption due to loss of livestock and to trade restrictions. As indicated by the rapid spread of West Nile viral activity across North America since its discovery in 1999 and the rapid and widespread movement of chikungunya virus from Africa throughout the Indian Ocean Islands to Asia and Europe, an introduced exotic arbovirus can be rapidly and widely established across wide geographical regions. Although RVF virus (RVFV) is normally …

Efficacy Of Commercial Mosquito Traps In Capturing Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) In Egypt, D. F. Hoel, D. L. Kline, Jerome Hogsette, Ulrich R. Bernier, S. S. El-Hossary, H. A. Hanafi, N. Watany, E. Y. Fawaz, B. D. Furman, P. J. Obenauer, D. E. Szumlas

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Four types of commercial mosquito control traps, the Mosquito Magnet Pro (MMP), the Sentinel 360 (S360), the BG-Sentinel (BGS), and the Mega-Catch Ultra (MCU), were compared with a standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap for efficacy in collecting phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a small farming village in the Nile River Valley 10 km north of Aswan, Egypt. Each trap was baited with either carbon dioxide (CO₂) from combustion of butane gas (MMP), dry ice (CDC and BGS traps), light (MCU and S360), or dry ice and light (CDC). Traps were rotated through …

A Quantitative Phosphorus Loss Assessment Tool For Agricultural Fields, Michael J. White, Daniel E. Storm, Philip R. Busteed, Michael D. Smolen, Hailin Zhang, Garey A. Fox

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In the United States, government sponsored conservation programs are under increasing pressure to quantify the environmental benefits of practices they subsidize. To meet this objective, conservation planners need tools to accurately predict phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural lands. Existing P export coefficient based tools are easy to use, but do not adequately account for local conditions. Hydrologic and water quality models are more accurate, but are prohibitively complex for conservation planners to use. Pasture Phosphorus Management (PPM) was developed as a user-friendly P and sediment loss prediction tool based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a popular comprehensive …

Monitoring And Analyzing Process Streams Towards Understanding Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Of Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.), Rohit Arora, Chithra Manisseri, Chenlin Li, Markus D. Ong, Henrik Vibe Scheller, Kenneth P. Vogel, Blake A. Simmons, Seema Singh

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Fundamental understanding of biomass pretreatment and its influence on saccharification kinetics, total sugar yield, and inhibitor formation is essential to develop efficient next-generation biofuel strategies, capable of displacing fossil fuels at a commercial level. In this study, we investigated the effect of residence time and temperature during ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment of switchgrass using 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate. The primary metrics of pretreatment performance are biomass delignification, xylan and glucan depolymerization, porosity, surface area, cellulase kinetics, and sugar yields. Compositional analysis and quantification of process streams of saccharides and lignin demonstrate that delignification increases as a function of pretreatment temperature and …

Comparison Of Broiler Litter And Commercial Fertilizer At Equivalent N Rates On Soil Properties, Ardeshir Adeli, Haile Tewolde, Karamat Sistani, Dennis Rowe

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A 3-year study was conducted to determine the effects of broiler litter relative to inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrient content and quality in an upland Loring silt loam soil. Treatments included annual broiler litter rates of 0, 2.2, 4.5, 5.6, 6.7, 10.1, and 13.4 Mg ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ and commercial fertilizer rates of 34, 68, 90, 112, 134, and 168 kg nitrogen (N) ha⁻¹ y⁻¹. Broiler litter application linearly increased soil total carbon (C), microbial biomass C, extractable soil phosphorus (P), potassium (K), soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the stability of soil aggregate. At the …

Overseeding Unimproved Warm-Season Pasture With Cool- And Warm-Season Legumes To Enhance Forage Productivity, P. W. Bartholomew, R. D. Williams

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Overseeding forage legumes into existing warm-season pasture may help to reduce cool-season forage deficit on small and resource-limited small farms in the southern Great Plains of the United States. Unimproved warm-season grass pastures were overseeded with Korean lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim) were not overseeded with summer legume. These same plots were subsequently overseeded with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.), black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) or ladino white clover (Trifolium repens L.) or, not overseeded with cool-season legume. Including lespedeza in a forage mixture increased total forage yield by an average of …

Rna Interference As A Method For Target-Site Screening In The Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera, Analiza P. Alves, Marce D. Lorenzen, Richard W. Beeman, John E. Foster, Blair D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

To test the efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) as a method for target-site screening in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae, genes were identified and tested for which clear RNAi phenotypes had been identified in the Coleopteran model, Tribolium castaneum. Here the cloning of the D. v. vergifera orthologs of laccase 2 (DvvLac2) and chitin synthase 2 (DvvCHS2) is reported. Injection of DvvLac2-specific doublestranded RNA resulted in prevention of post-molt cuticular tanning, while injection of DvvCHS2- specific dsRNA reduced chitin levels in midguts. Silencing of both DvvLac2 and DvvCHS2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR. As in T. …

Elevated Co2 Effects On Semi-Arid Grassland Plants In Relation To Water Availability And Competition, Feike A. Dijkstra, Dana Blumenthal, Jack A. Morgan, Daniel R. Lecain, Ronald F. Follett

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

1. It has been suggested that much of the elevated CO₂ effect on plant productivity and N cycling in semi-arid grasslands is related to a CO₂-induced increase in soil moisture, but the relative importance of moisture-mediated and direct effects of CO₂ remain unclear.

2. We grew five grassland species common to the semi-arid grasslands of northern Colorado, USA, as monocultures and as mixtures of all five species in pots. We examined the effects of atmospheric CO₂ concentration (ambient vs. 780 p.p.m.) and soil moisture (15 vs. 20% m⁄m) on plant biomass and plant N uptake. …

Tcjp An Improved Method To Quantify Puccinia Coronata F. Sp. Avenae Dna In The Host Avena Sativa, M. Acevedo, E. W. Jackson, A. Sturbaum, H. W. Ohm, J. M. Bonman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Identification and genetic mapping of loci conferring resistance to polycyclic pathogens such as the rust fungi depends on accurate measurement of disease resistance. We converted an absolute quantification assay of Puccinia coronata DNA to a relative assay by adding a TaqMan^® primers/probe set specific to the oat β-actin gene to simplify and improve quantification of fungal infection. The new multiplex assay estimates the amount of fungal DNA in a sample relative to the amount of host DNA and requires fewer and less labour-intensive steps than previous assays. The relative fungal DNA assay (RFDNA) reliably detected and quantified both host …

Weed Genomics Advance: A Commentary, Stephen O. Duke, Jonathan Gressel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A recent book edited by Neal Stewart summarized the salient information about the genomics of weeds. It is a relatively slim volume, in part because so little is known of weed genomics. The rapidly evolving weeds of modern agriculture cry out for understanding their evolution at the genomic level. Still, granting agencies have been reluctant to fund weed genomics in the past, stating that it was enough to support the sequencing of economically important plants (crops), and forgetting that there may be use to sequencing plants that have extremely negative economicimpactsonthose crops. This attitude hasbeenchanging, and the costs have come …

Horticulture Of Ribes, K. E. Hummer, A. Dale

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The genus Ribes L., known as currants and gooseberries, contains more than 150 diverse species indigenous throughout the northern hemisphere and along the Rocky Mountain, Sierra Nevada and Sierra Madres in North America through mountain ranges of Central America to the Andes in South America. Beginning in the 1400s, four main crop types, black currants (Ribes, subgenus: Ribes, section: Botrycarpum), red and white currants (Ribes, subgenus: Ribes, section: Ribes) and gooseberries (Ribes, subgenus: Grossularia) were domesticated from European species. American and Eurasian species were selected and combined into …

Yeasts Associated With Nectarines And Their Potential For Biological Control Of Brown Rot, W. J. Janisiewicz, C. P. Kurtzman, J. S. Buyer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Resident fruit microflora has been the source of biocontrol agents for the control of postharvest decay of fruits and the active ingredient in commercialized biocontrol products. With the exception of grapes and apples, information on the resident microflora of other fruits is only fragmentary, but greater knowledge in this area can be very helpful in developing biocontrol strategies. We characterized the yeast microflora of nectarines (‘Croce del Sud’) from the early stages of fruit development until harvest. The fruit samples were collected from trees in an unmanaged orchard. The resident fruit microflora was separated from the occasionally deposited microorganisms by …

Comparison Of Percent Hatch And Fungal Infestation In Channel Catfish Eggs After Copper Sulfate, Diquat Bromide, Formalin, And Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment, Andrew J. Mitchell, David L. Straus, Bradley Farmer, Ray Carter

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Reduced survival of fish eggs is often a result of infestation with fungi Saprolegnia spp. However, timely chemical treatments often limit these infestations and increase survival. The effect of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP; 10 mg of CSP/L of water), diquat bromide (25 mg of diquat cation/L), formalin (433 mg/L), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂; 250 mg/L) on percent hatch and fungal infestation in eggs of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was compared in two identical trials (five replicates for each chemical treatment per trial). The percent hatch in all chemical treatments was significantly better than percent hatch of …

Role Of The Oviduct In Maintaining Sustained Fertility In Hens, M. R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In poultry, sperm transferred by natural mating or AI into the distal end of the vagina immediately begin their ascent to the utero-vaginal junction (UVJ) at the anterior end of the vagina. However, due to an intense selection process in the vagina, less than 1% of the sperm transferred actually reach the UVJ. Those sperm that do reach the UVJ enter numerous tubular invaginations of the vagina’s surface epithelium located in the UVJ mucosa, collectively referred to as the sperm-storage tubules (SST). Sperm residing in the SST lumen are capable of surviving up to several weeks while retaining their fertilizing …