Agricultural Science Commons^™

International Market Opportunities For Faba Beans, Andrew Quinn, Malcolm Sedgwick

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

Western Australian faba bean production is growing and export volumes are increasing. In contrast, production is declining in many of the world's traditional faba bean regions. World trade, however, is growing.

China dominates the world export market and is growing rapidly as an exporter. The UK and Australia are the second and third largest exporters respectively.

As Western Australian production increases, the State will increasingly play an important role in Australia's ability to supply faba beans into markets looking tor quality and stable supply.

Saudi Arabia has emerged as the State's largest export market. The State is well located to …

Resource Management Decision Support Tools - Brief Model Descriptions, Campbell White & Associates Pty Ltd

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

During the past 10 years, a number of financial models have been developed within Agriculture Western Australia to assist decision making in resource management. Various approaches have been taken including whole farm, development and partial budgets.

Natural resource managers within Agriculture Western Australia, have identified a need to preserve these decision support systems in a central library. The models should be readily accessible to new staff, and the library should provide an 'engine' through which the models can be promoted, and information relating their application distributed. Recent technology such as the development and mainstream adoption of the World Wide Web …

Soil Temperature And Fumigation Effects On Plant Phosphorus Uptake And Related Microbial Properties, Dennis L. Mccallister, L. A. Jawson, M. D. Jawson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Early season problems with growth of corn (Zea mays L.) under cool, wet conditions prompted a study of the effects of soil and environmental conditions on mineralization and plant uptake of phosphorus (P). Our objective was to determine the effect of soil test P, temperature, and soil fumigation on soil P availability and uptake during early corn growth. Corn was grown in growth chambers at temperatures of 14°C or 25°C. Soils were a high-P Hastings silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Udic Argiustoll) and a low-P Sharpsburg clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Plants grew for up to …

Notes: Forage Yield, Quality, And Fertility Of Sorghum X Sudan Grass Hybrids In A1 And A3 Cytoplasm, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, J. J. Toy

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Currently, no information is available comparing the agronomic performance of A1 and A3 cytoplasms in sorghum x sudangrass [Sorghumbi color (L.) Moench] hybrids. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of A1 and A3 cytoplasm on the maturity, fertility, height, forage yield, and forage quality of sorghum × sudangrass hybrids. In 1989, pollen from a bulk of eight sudangrass populations was used to pollinate four sorghum lines that had been male-sterilized in both A1 and A3 cytoplasm. Hybrids were grown at the Univ. of Nebraska Field Laboratory Ithaca, NE, in 1990 and 1991, in a split-plot …

Evaluation Of 41 Elite And Exotic Inbred Sorghum Genotypes For High Quality Callus Production, Heidi F. Kaeppler, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Interest is high in the genetic study and improvement of sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), a crop of worldwide agronomic importance. The ability to initiate and maintain high quality (pigmentless, mucilage-free, fast growing, type II) callus cultures from a variety of sorghum genotypes is important for certain tissue culture-based genetic studies. The objective of this study was to identify high-quality callus-producing genotypes from a group of 41 diverse inbred sorghum lines. Callus cultures of 20 elite inbred sorghum genotypes and 21 inbred genotypes of exotic background were initiated from immature inflorescences. The cultures were subjected to several cycles of subculturing …

Expression Of Follistatin And Inhibin/Activin Subunit Genes In Porcine Follicles, M.D. Li, L.V. Depaolo, J.J. Ford

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Expression of the follistatin (FS) and inhibin/activin (I/A) α, β_A, and β_B subunit genes in porcine ovarian follicles was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and/or RNase protection procedures to establish changes during the final stages of follicular development. For the I/A α and β_A subunits, expression increased (p < 0.05) as follicles progressed to the mid-stage of the follicular phase. The β_B, subunit was expressed in lower concentrations, and all three I/A subunits showed a marked reduction (p < 0.01) in expression by the late stage of follicular development. In contrast to this pattern, FS gene expression decreased (p < 0.05) as follicles developed from the early (low estradiol) to the mid stage (high estradiol) and continued to decline in advanced follicles (after estrus). The predominant mRNA encoded for FS-315, and the ratio of mRNA for FS-315 to mRNA for FS-288 did not differ significantly during the three stages. Within an animal, concentration of FS mRNAs was related more to stage of the follicular phase than to follicular size. Follicular fluid concentration of FS changed in a manner similar to that observed for expression of its gene. We conclude that expression of the FS gene and translation of its mRNA decrease as follicles approach ovulatory status.

Yield Of Wheat Across A Subambient Carbon Dioxide Gradient, Herman S. Mayeux, Hyrum B. Johnson, H. Wayne Polley, Stephen R. Malone

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Yields and yield components of two cultivars of day-neutral spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were assessed along a gradient of daytime carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations from about 200 to near 350 µmol CO₂ (mol air)^–1 in a 38 m-long controlled environment chamber. The range in CO₂ concentration studied approximates that of Earth’s atmosphere since the last ice age. This 75% rise in CO₂ concentration increased grain yields more than 200% under well-watered conditions and by 80–150% when wheat was grown without additions of water during the last half of the 100-day growing season. …

Genetic Variation In North American Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula) Determined By Dna Markers, Martha L. Rowe, Donald J. Lee, Scott Nissen, Brunella M. Bowditch, Robert A. Masters

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Levels of inter- and intrapopulation genetic variation were determined in five North American populations of leafy spurge using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) RFLPs and RAPD markers. Thirteen plastome types were identified among 123 individuals collected from five geographically separated populations. Number of pastimes within a population ranged from one to seven, with four of the populations having a predominate type plus one or more rarer types. Some plastome types were shared by populations, but plastome distribution among populations was nonrandom. RAPD markers indicated greatest relatedness among individuals within a population. Relatedness among populations as established through RAPDs was greater for geographically …

The Impact Of Ixodiphagus Hookeri, A Tick Parasitoid, On Amblyomma Variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) In A Field Trial In Kenya, E. N. Mwangi, S. M. Hassan, G. P. Kaaya, S. Essuman

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In an experiment to investigate the effect of the tick parasitoid, Ixodiphagus hookeri, on tick numbers on cattle, 150 000 parasitoids were released over a period of 1 year in a field where ten cattle infested with multiple tick species were kept. Amblyomma variegatum was reduced from 44 to two ticks per animal while Rhipicephalus appendiculatus increased over the time of parasitoid release. During the time of release 51% of the nymphs of A. variegatum collected from the animals were parasitized. The recovery of the parasitoids after the releases were stopped was only 9%. The total numbers of A. variegatum …

Suitability Of West African Gramineous Stemborers For The Development Of Cotesia Species, Y. Hailemichael, F. Schulthess, J. W. Smith, W. A. Overholt

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The palaeotropical, gregarious, endoparasitic braconids Cotesia sesamiae, Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia chilonis were recently imported into Benin as candidates for biological control of stem and cob borers of maize. Host acceptability and host suitability of six gramineous borers occurring in western Africa, namely the noctuids Sesamia calamistis, Sesamia poephaga, Busseola fusca and the pyralids Contesta ignefiisalis, Eldana saccharina and Mussidia nigrivenella, to these candidate parasitoids was evaluated in order to gain insight into the physiological suitability of the natural and factitious hosts. All hosts were accepted by all Cotesia spp., except M. nigrivenella which was not attacked by Co. chilonis. …

Neem Seed Extract Spray Applications As Low-Cost Inputs For Management Of The Flower Thrips In The Cowpea Crop, R. C. Saxena, E. L. Kidiavai

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In field trials conducted at the Experiment Station and in a farmer's field at Mbita near the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya, applications of 2% or 3% neem seed extract (NSE) @ 200 l/ha with a knapsack sprayer at 38, 47 and 51 days after emergence (DE) of the cowpea crop or 5%, 10% or 20% NSE sprayed @ 10 l/ha with an ultra-low-volume applicator at 31, 39 and 49 DE often significantly reduced the number of larvae of the flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), in cowpea flowers recorded 2 days after each treatment. Also fewer adults occurred in flowers …

Combining Ability Of Resistance To The Sorghum Shootfly, Atherigona Soccata And Stemborer Chilo Partellus In Grain Sorghum, Sorghum Bicolor, A. A. Elbadawi, A. M. Nour, R. S. Pathak

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Combining ability of resistance to the sorghum shootfly, Atherigona soccata and spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus in grain sorghum was analysed on a seven-parents diallel in a field trial at the ICIPE Mbita Point Field Station, western Kenya during the 1990 long rainy season. Lines with best performance for each of the four measured resistance parameters were also found to be the best general combiners. Resistance to leaf damage and number of holes/metre were controlled by additive gene effects whereas resistance to deadheart and stem tunnelling were controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects. Parents IS-1044, IS-12308 and IS-2269 with their …

Synthesis, Analysis, And Field Activity Of Sordidin, A Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone Of The Banana Weevil, Cosmopolites Sordidus, Seetharaman Jayaraman, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Allan C. Oehlschlager, Lilliana M. Gonzalez, Dennis Alpizar, Mario Falles, William J. Budenberg, Peter Ahuya

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

An efficient synthesis of the diastereoisomers of sordidin (1), a male-produced aggregation pheromone of Cosmopolites sordidus, has been developed from commercially available 4-methylpent-4-en-2-ol (2). Preparation of eχo-β-sordidin (1a) and endo-β-sordidin (1b) is via the anti epoxide, 4d, which is derived via iodocarbonation of 2. The endo-α-sordidin (1c) and eχo-α-sordidin (1d) are prepared from the corresponding syn epoxide, which is available via stereo controlled epoxidation of the triisopropylsilyloxy derivative, 3b. Silyloxy derivatives of the epoxides, 4 efficiently alkylate the anions of N-cyclohexyldiethylketimine (6a) and 3-pentanone N,N-dimethylhydrazone (6b). Acidic work-up of these alkylation reactions promotes cyclization to give 1. Gram quantities of …