Agricultural Science Commons^™

Bulletin No. 357 - Biennial Report, 1950-1952, R. H. Walker, D. A. Broadbent

UAES Bulletins

For sixty-four years the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station has been studying the problems of the farmer to make life on the farm more profitable and more enjoyable and in turn to improve the economy of the entire state. From the laboratories and from the experimental farms have come research results that have and will continue to mean dollars and cents to the farmer and increased prosperity to the state. Here are a few brief statements of some of the results of the work during the past two years.

Bulletin No. 356 - Consumer Demand For Fruit: Salt Lake City, Utah, 1948-1949, Ellis W. Lamborn, Roice H. Anderson

UAES Bulletins

In a free enterprise economy where production and consumption are adjusted through the medium of prices, consumers direct the kinds and amounts of production through their choices in the market. The problems of production and marketing of any product cannot be effectively solved without studying the wishes and actions of consumers.

To ignore the decisions of consumers is economic suicide. No one can long continue to produce who does not find buyers for his product. The producers who give the consumers what they want, in the form and at the time they want it, and at a price they are …

Bulletin No. 355 - An Economic Study Of The Production Of Canning Tomatoes In Utah, 1948 And 1949, Earnest M. Morrison, George T. Blanch

UAES Bulletins

Production of canning tomatoes is an important enterprise on many farms in Utah. In 1949 this crop brought about $1,772,000 and in 1951, nearly $2,750,000 to the farmers of the state (appendix table 1). Nearly all the canning tomatoes of the state are produced in the counties at the west of the Wasatch Mountains. In order of importance, these are: Davis, Weber, Utah, Box Elder, and Salt Lake (appendix table 2). Since tomatoes are processed relatively close to where they are grown, the income to farmers is not a complete measure of the importance of the tomato enterprise to this …

Bulletin No. 353 - Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Yield And Protein Content Of Winter Wheat In Utah, Howard B. Peterson

UAES Bulletins

Winter what is one of the major crops of Utah. For more than 50 years winter wheat has been grown on the dry lands of the state. It is about the only crop grown on these lands under the usual alternate cropping and fallow system. Since 1941 acreage in the state has increased about 60 percent. Little or no manure is applied and only occasionally is a legume green manure turned under. It is apparent that with the original low supply of nitrogen in most of the soils of the state, together with the depleting effects of the common cropping …

Bulletin No. 354 - Marketing Of Chickens From Producer To First Handler Washington, Oregon, And Utah (1948-1949), Roice H. Anderson

UAES Bulletins

In 1949 the receipts from eggs and chickens amounted to 8.6, 6.0, and 13.2 percent of the total cash receipts from farm marketings in Washington, Oregon, and Utah, respectively. About three fourths of these receipts were from sale of eggs and one fourth from the sale of chickens. Receipts from chicken sales, while less important than from eggs, amounted to about 21.5 million dollars in 1949 in the three states. As would be expected, considering the importance of egg production in the three states, many of the chickens sold are cull layers and other chickens produced incidental to the egg …

Bulletin No. 352 - Trade In Western Livestock At Auctions: I. Development Relative Importance Operations, Harold Abel, Dee A. Broadbenl

UAES Bulletins

This bulletin reports an introductory and descriptive study and contains specific information on selling livestock at auctions. It is the second bulletin on livestock marketing research in the West prepared under the supervision of the Western Livestock Marketing Research Technical Committee.

The principal objectives of this bulletin are stated as follows: ( 1) to trace the development of livestock marketing in the West and to ascertain the economic conditions responsible for shifts in the total volume of production and marketings of the several types of meat animals sold, and the relative importance of the various marketing agencies used by farmers …

Bulletin No. 346 - Irrigation Waters Of Utah, J. P. Thorne, D. W. Thorne

UAES Bulletins

Irrigation waters are never pure. All contain some dissolved salts. The amount may vary from a trace to concentrations so great that the water is unfit for use. The kind of salt in irrigation water may be even more important than the total amount. Borates in extremely low quantities, for example, may injure or kill crop plants. If the proportion of sodium in irrigation water is high, the soil may be gradually rendered unproductive. On the other hand, the salts may consist in part of essential plant nutrients or other helpful salts that aid in keeping soils productive.

Bulletin No. 348 - Cost And Efficiency Of Producing Canning Corn In Cache County, Utah, 1949, Earnest M. Morrison, Willis G. Kearl

UAES Bulletins

The canning corn enterprise is becoming increasingly important to the farmers of Utah. For two decades prior to 1940, the acreage used in canning corn production varied between 400 and 800 acres; however, it has increased from 600 acres in 1942 to 6,300 acres in 1949. This increase has been larger, both in percentage and in absolute amount, than for any other intertilled or orchard crop in the state during the same period of time. In 1949 the farm value of canning corn sold was $567,000. Peas and tomatoes were the only canning crops which exceeded it in value.

Counties …

Bulletin No. 349 - Management Of Irrigation And Drainage Enterprises In Utah: With Special Reference To The Northern Cache Valley Area, J. Howard Maughan, O. W. Israelsen

UAES Bulletins

The purposes of this study on the management of irrigation and drainage enterprises in northern Cache Valley, Utah, are to assist farmers in the area and in other similar areas to learn the causes of their irrigation and drainage problems and to determine the best approach toward their solution. The bulletin first presents some of the general problems connected with irrigation and drainage organizations, and then discusses the problems of the local area, known as the Cub River area.

Bulletin No. 347 - The Life History And Management Of The Mountain Whitefish Prosopium Williamsoni (Girard) In Logan River Utah, William F. Sigler

UAES Bulletins

In 1948 a comprehensive fishery investigation on Logan River was initiated by the Department of Wildlife Management, Utah State Agricultural College, and the Utah Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. Three masters' theses have been completed on life histories and populations to date (Thoreson, 1949; Fleener, 1950; Pechacek, 1950). One phase of this investigation is a study of the mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni (Girard).

Bulletin No. 350 - Cemeteries Of Box Elder And Summit Counties, Joseph A. Geddes, Carmen Fredrickson

UAES Bulletins

One of man's greatest challenges is to build institutions that adequately meet basic needs. A cemetery is a social institution invented to take care of needs related to the dead.

Times and conditions change. A design which seemed adequate when initiated may soon become archaic and out-moded if it is not modified in the light of new discoveries.

This study raises many issues about cemeteries. As one reads the bulletin many questions concerning the nature and function of other institutions arise. What is their condition in contrast with the cemeteries?

This publication, the first in an institution series planned by …

Bulletin No. 344 - The Nutritive Value Of Range Forage As Affected By Vegetation Type, Site, And State Of Maturity, C. Wayne Cook, Lorin E. Harris

UAES Bulletins

Native ranges of Utah are extremely heterogeneous. Pronounced variations exist in soil, seasonal rainfall, temperatures, and altitude on most grazing areas. Rough topography and micro-climates on even individual grazing allotments present variable vegetation types and site conditions. Such variations account for the comparatively large number of species and variable nutritive content found in range forage.

Bulletin No. 341 - Rambouillet And Columbia-Rambouillet Lambs On The Range And In The Feed Lot, T. Donald Bell, Milton A. Madsen, James A. Bennett, Louis L. Madsen, D. Clarence Schmultz

UAES Bulletins

Sheep of predominately Rambouillet breeding have been most popular on southern Utah ranges because of their hardiness and wool-producing ability. In the early years of sheep production in Utah a major portion of the income was derived from the sale of wool. This situation has gradually changed over the past years and now income from the sale of lambs is greater than that from fleeces. Rambouillet rams with improved mutton qualities have been used by some range operators to increase the mutton producing abilities of their ewes. Other operators have used Corriedale, Panama, Columbia, and other white faced crossbred-type rams …

Bulletin No. 340 - Adult Honey Bee Losses In Utah As Related To Arsenic Poisoning, G. F. Knowlton, A. P. Sturtevant, C. J. Sorenson

UAES Bulletins

During 1947 the 55,000 colonies of honey bees in Utah produced approximately $545,000 worth of marketable honey and beeswax. In addition they pollinated most of the fruit, alfalfa seed, various vegetable and other seed crops. By 1949 the price of honey had declined to where the crop of honey and beeswax was worth $253,000, produced by 49,000 colonies of bees. The value of bees in Utah as pollinating agents to fruit and seed crops greatly exceeds the income received by beekeepers from bee products sold. Because agriculture receives such great benefit from bees, it seems reasonable that farmers who are …

Bulletin No. 339 - Consumer Demand For Peaches Of Varying Stages Of Maturity

UAES Bulletins

Studies of consumer demand for peaches of varying maturities were conducted in Kansas City, Oklahoma City, Minneapolis, and Milwaukee during the 1949 peach marketing season. In these tests standard Elberta peaches from Colorado and Utah were used primarily but occasionally when they were not available Elbertas from Idaho and Michigan were used. No Early Elbertas were used.

This study is designed to promote the orderly marketing of peaches and to expand their consumption, that returns to growers may be maintained or increased. The study is primarily concerned with consumer demand for degree of maturity of Colorado and Utah Elberta peaches. …

Bulletin No. 338 - Nutrient Deficiencies In Utah Orchards, D. W. Thorne, F. B. Wann

UAES Bulletins

When farm products are sold, some of the essential part of the soil are also marketed. If this process is continued, the soil may be eventually impoverished to the point where it cannot support high crop yields. In addition to direct soil depletion, unbalanced soil management practices may produce soil conditions that prevent or limit the uptake of certain elements by plants even though there may be enough total supply of the elements present to last hundreds or even thousands of years.

Both processes have been going on in many Utah orchards. Sale of fruit has gradually depleted the soil. …

Bulletin No. 345 - Effectiveness Of Gravity Drains And Experimental Pumping For Drainage Delta Area, Utah, O. W. Israelsen, D. F. Peterson Jr., R. C. Reeve

UAES Bulletins

Cooperatie investigations on drainage and reclamation of salted soils in the Delta Area, Utah, were undertaken by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, the U. S. Regional Salinity Laboratory, and Millard County Drainage Districts under a memorandum of understanding effective January 1, 1946.

This investigation comprises project 250 of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, R. H. Walker, director; and project 50-46-1 of the U. S. Regional Salinity Laboratory, H. E. Hayward, director.

The objectives of the investigations covered by the memorandum of understanding were:

1. To study the effectiveness of present methods of drainage; tile and open drains.

2. To determine …

Bulletin No. 342 - The Nutritive Content Of The Grazing Sheep's Diet On Summer And Winter Ranges Of Utah, C. Wayne Cook, Lorin E. Harris

UAES Bulletins

Approximately two million sheep graze the native ranges of Utah each year. These animals are on the range most of the year and their food supply must come from range plants as they are normally selected. The nutritive value of range forage is often borderline or deficient in essential nutrients, yet, sufficiently adequate to prevent obvious physiological disorders. These mild deficiencies may affect the productive efficiency of the animal even though no symptoms are apparent.

Bulletin No. 337 - The Vitamin Content Of Peas As Influenced By Maturity, Fertilizers, And Variety, Ethelwyn B. Wilcox, Katharine E. Morrell

UAES Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Bulletin No. 333 - Drainage Districts In Utah: Their Activities And Needs, J. Howard Maughan, Orson W. Israelsen, Eldon G. Hanson

UAES Bulletins

The need for drainage in Utah was widely recognized before 1900, resulting in passage of a drainage district law in 1896 and provision for cooperative drainage research beginning in 1904. The drainage district laws, developed and improved during the half-century ending 1948, have served as the major basis for drainage organization in the state.

Bulletin No. 336 - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Biennial Report, 1946-1948, R. H. Walker

UAES Bulletins

During the past biennium there has been a general expansion in the research program of the Agricultural Experiment Station. This was made possible through increased state legislative appropriation and through federal funds made available by the Agricultural Research and Marketing Act which passed Congress in August 1946, although funds were not available until August 1947. Grants-in-aid by state and private agencies have also made other research possible.

Bulletin No. 335 - Reclamation Of Saline-Alkali Soils By Leaching: Delta Area, Utah, R. C. Reeve, L. E. Allison, D. F. Peterson Jr.

UAES Bulletins

Salinity is a problem of irrigation agriculture and is recognized as a serious threat to crop production in the Western States. All water used for irrigation, whether diverted from surface stream or pumped from wells, contains dissolved salts in amounts varying from a few hundred pounds to several tons per acre-foot (8,23). Salts accumulating in the root zone of the soil, as water is removed by crop and by surface evaporation eventually, may restrict crop yields. Extensive areas of land in the Western States, which were at one time productive under irrigation, have been abandoned because of the development of …

Bulletin No. 334 - Costs And Returns From Peach Production: Selected Areas, Utah, Earnest M. Morrison

UAES Bulletins

Peach production in Utah is an important fruit enterprise. Preliminary estimates place Utah's 1947 peach crop at about 933,000 bushels, valued at about $1,679,000. This is equal to about 1.2 percent of the value of all agricultural commodities produced in the state, and about 27 percent of the value of Utah's fruit crop. The 1947 peach crop was, however, about 27 percent, or 200,000 bushels larger than the ten-year average, 1937 to 1946, and was the second largest crop on record in the last thirty years. In terms of value the 1947 crop was exceeded only by the crops of …

Bulletin No. 331 - Cost And Efficiency Of Canning Pea Production In Cache And Box Elder Counties, Utah, Earnest M. Morrison

UAES Bulletins

The production of field peas for canning purposes has played an important part in Utah's agriculture, furnishing some of the intensity needed on her small farms. Peas are a crop that can be handled largely with the labor of the operator and his family and has not required any specialized machinery for their production. They are a suitable alfalfa nurse crop and in most areas do not compete greatly with other crops grown for the farmer's time.

Bulletin No. 330 - Peach Orchard Soil Mangement Studies, A. L. Stark, D. W. Thorne

UAES Bulletins

Peaches are the most important fruit crop in Utah. The total number of peach trees is greater and the volume of fruit produced for market is larger than of any other fruit. Most of the peaches are produced by a large number of growers who have small plantings. These small orchards contribute substantially to the total income of the growers and it is, therefore, important that maximum yields of high quality fruit be obtained from limited acreage.

A survey of the fruit production problems in Utah reported in 1938 (13) indicated that poor soil management practices were important in contributing …

Bulletin No. 329 - Cost And Efficiency Of Producing Sugar Beets In Utah, 1945, Ernest M. Morrison

UAES Bulletins

Early in the history of Utah the pioneers became interested in sugar-beet production. In 1852 John Taylor, Elias Morris and others, under the direction of Brigham Young, obtained machinery from France for refining beet sugar, transported it across the Atlantic Ocean by boat, up the Mississippi River to Fort Leavenworth, and thence across the plains to Utah by ox teams. The factory was established in what is now known as Sugar House in the southeastern part of Salt Lake City. These initial efforts proved to be unsuccessful primarily because the "open kettle" method employed was never satisfactory.

Not until 1891 …

Bulletin No. 332 - Cost And Efficiency Of Celery Production In Box Elder And Utah Counties In 1945 And 1947, Earnest M. Morrison

UAES Bulletins

The production of celery by farmers in Utah has undergone important changes in the past five or six years. The most notable have been centered around the introduction of the new green type (Pascal) celery. The methods of production have advanced rapidly, the quality of the product has been greatly improved, the yield per acre has been increased at least twofold, and the acreage has been expanded.

With the growing impetus of the industry have come requests for information on cost and return to the farmer and for an analysis of other economic and physical factors associated with the industry. …

Bulletin No. 328 - Maturity Studies With Canning Peas, L. H. Pollard, E. B. Wilcox, H. B. Peterson

UAES Bulletins

In the growing and processing of canning peas there are many factors which influence yield and quality. Of these, the stage of maturity is possibly the most important. Beyond the stage of maximum quality, peas continue to grow in size and yields increase but quality decreases. Consequently, both growers and processors are definitely interested in knowing the stage of maturity at which peas should be harvested for the greatest yield of acceptable quality. Peas harvested and processed at that stage should give both growers and canners the maximum returns if grading methods are satisfactory and price schedules equitable.

Bulletin No. 327 - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Biennial Report, 1944-1946, R. H. Walker

UAES Bulletins

During the past biennium there has been a general expansion in the research program of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. Although some of the investigations were curtailed by lack of personnel and equipment and the pressure of wartime assignments, many of the staff were able to devote more time to research because of a lessening of the teaching load at the College. The emergency caused a re-examination of the research program, old projects, no longer urgent were weeded out, others were revised to meet the needs of the changing times, and many new projects were initiated to extend the research …

Bulletin No. 326 - Rainfall And Irrigation In Relation To Soil Erosion, Willard Gardner, John Hale Gardner, C. W. Lauritzen

UAES Bulletins

This paper attempts to point out to farmers, agricultural specialists, and others who may be interested, pertinent facts regarding rainfall intensity and other meteorological data that have to do with the wearing down of range and agricultural soils, and to present by means of diagrams illustrations of general relationships between the rate of wearing down of irrigated soils, the size of the irrigation stream and the slope of the eroding surface.

Large streams running down steep slopes, whether from rainfall or from irrigation, constitute a destructive process that cannot be completely controlled. Fortunately, vegetation protects the soil against the destructive …