Agricultural Science Commons^™

Tactical Crop Management For Improved Productivity In Winter-Dominant Rainfall Regions: A Review, W K. Anderson, Ross Brennan, Kithsiri W. Jayasena, Svetlana Micic, John H. Moore, T Nordblom

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

This study reviews published information on the tactical management decisions needed to maximise economic grain yield in winter-dominant rainfall regions of the Mediterranean type. Tactical decisions are defined as those relating to the period from immediately before sowing to harvest. Tactical management is the principal means by which farmers respond to changing environmental and short-term economic conditions as the season progresses. The review considers published evidence that underpins these decisions and relates to cereal crops (wheat, barley and oats), pulse crops (field pea, faba bean, chickpea and narrow-leaved lupin) and canola.

The criteria used to guide management decisions during the …

Hybridisation-Based Target Enrichment Of Phenology Genes To Dissect The Genetic Basis Of Yield And Adaptation In Barley, Camilla Beate Hill, Tefera Angessa, Lee-Anne Mcfawn, Debbie Wong, Josquin Tibbits, Xiao-Qi Zhang, Kerrie Forrest, David Moody, Paul Telfer, Sharon Westcott, Dean A. Diepeveen, Yanhao Xu, Cong Tan, Matthew Hayden, Chengdao Li

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal grain widely used for livestock feed, brewing malts and human food. Grain yield is the most important breeding target for genetic improvement and largely depends on optimal timing of flowering. Little is known about the allelic diversity of genes that underlie flowering time in domesticated barley, the genetic changes that have occurred during breeding, and their impact on yield and adaptation. Here, we report a comprehensive genomic assessment of a worldwide collection of 895 barley accessions based on the targeted resequencing of phenology genes. A versatile target-capture method was used to …

Early Growth Stages Salinity Stress Tolerance In Cm72 X Gairdner Doubled Haploid Barley Population, Tefera T. Angessa, Xiao-Qi Zhang, Gaofeng Zhou, Sue Broughton, Wenying Zhang, Chengdao Li

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

A doubled haploid (DH) population of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) generated from salinity tolerant genotype CM72 and salinity sensitive variety Gairdner was studied for salinity stress tolerance at germination, seedling emergence and first leaf full expansion growth stages. Germination study was conducted with deionized water, 150 mM and 300 mM NaCl treatments. Seedling stage salinity tolerance was conducted with three treatments: control, 150 mM NaCl added at seedling emergence and first leaf full expansion growth stages. Results from this study revealed transgressive phenotypic segregations for germination percentage and biomass at seedling stage. Twelve QTL were identified on chromosomes 2H–6H each …

Zernike Moments And Genetic Algorithm: Tutorial And Application, Oluleye Babatunde, Leisa Armstrong, Jinsong Leng, Dean Diepeveen

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Aims/ objectives: To demontrate effectiveness of Zernike Moments for Image Classification. Zernike moment(ZM) is an excellent region-based moment which has attracted the attentions of many image processing researchers since its first application to image analysis. Many papers have been published on several works done on ZM but no single paper ever give a detailed information of how the computation of ZM is done from the time the image is captured to the computation of ZM. This work showed how to effectively apply ZM on RGB images. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of Zernike moment in image classification system. A neuro-genetic …

A Neuronal Classification System For Plant Leaves Using Genetic Image Segmentation, Oluleye Babatunde, Leisa Armstrong, Dean Diepeveen, Jinsong Leng

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

This paper demonstrates the use of radial basis networks (RBF), cellular neural networks (CNN)and genetic algorithm (GA) for automatic classification of plant leaves. A genetic neuronal system herein attempted to solve some of the inherent challenges facing current software being employed for plant leaf classification. The image segmentation module in this work was genetically optimized to bring salient features in the images of plants leaves used in this work. The combination of GA-based CNN with RBF in this work proved more efficient than the existing systems that use conventional edge operators such as Canny, LoG, Prewitt, and Sobel operators. The …

Potential Break Crops For Managing Root-Knot Nematode, Carla Wilkinson, Stuart Vincent, Sarah J. Collins Dr

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Western Australian growers may be unintentionally increasing root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne fallax (False Columbia root-knot nematode) populations by using susceptible break crops between cash crops.

A Genetic Algorithm-Based Feature Selection, Oluleye Babatunde, Leisa Armstrong, Jinsong Leng, Dean Diepeveen

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

This article details the exploration and application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) for feature selection. Particularly a binary GA was used for dimensionality reduction to enhance the performance of the concerned classifiers. In this work, hundred (100) features were extracted from set of images found in the Flavia dataset (a publicly available dataset). The extracted features are Zernike Moments (ZM), Fourier Descriptors (FD), Lengendre Moments (LM), Hu 7 Moments (Hu7M), Texture Properties (TP) and Geometrical Properties (GP). The main contributions of this article are (1) detailed documentation of the GA Toolbox in MATLAB and (2) the development of a GA-based feature …

Phenological Development In Two-Row Spring Barley When Grown In A Long-Day (Alberta, Canada) And A Short-Day (Western Australia, Australia) Environment, Blakely Paynter, P E. Juskiw, J H. Helm

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Phenological development in eight cultivars of two-row, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was examined when sown at two dates of seeding in two diverse environments. These environments were a short-day environment at Northam, Western Australia, Australia, in 1997 and a long-day environment at Lacombe, Alberta, Canada, in 1998. The Australian and Canadian barley cultivars used had different combinations of basic vegetative phase and daylength sensitivity. Barley grown at Lacombe reached each stage of phenological development in less time than at Northam. Most noticeable was a shorter duration of the period between seedling emergence to double ridge and between double ridge …

Comparison Of The Phosphate Requirements Of Burr Medic And Yellow Serradella With That Of Wheat In The Low Rainfall Wheatbelt Of Western Australia, Blakely Paynter, Mike D. Bolland

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

The responses of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) to topdressed phosphate were compared with the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to drilled phosphate on a range of soils in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia. Species were compared firstly on the amount of applied phosphorus (P) required for 90% maximum yield at 3 harvests, and secondly on the ratio of their curvature coefficients from the Mitscherlich relationship between absolute yield and P applied. On 7 marginally acidic, medium-textured soils, the comparative requirements of burr medic (cvv. Serena or Santiago) and wheat (cv. Gutha) for applied …

Comparison Of The Phosphate Requirements Of Burr Medic And Yellow Serradella With Subterranean Clover In The Low Rainfall Wheatbelt Of Western Australia, Blakely Paynter

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) were compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in their response to freshly topdressed phosphate in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia. Species were compared on the amount of applied phosphorus (P) required for 90% maximum yield and the ratio of their curvature coefficients from the Mitscherlich relationship between P applied and absolute yield. On marginally acidic, medium-textured soils, burr medic had a higher external shoot requirement for applied P than subterranean clover. Relative differences between the species were affected by season, initial concentration of bicarbonate-extractable P in the soil (0-10 …

Propagation Of Yellow Bells (Geleznowia Verrucosa Turcz., Rutaceae) From Seed, Blakely Paynter, Kingsley Dixon

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Geleznowia verrucosa Turcz. (Rutaceae) is a commercially important, bush-picked wildflower that has no known commercial means of propagation. This study examined factors influencing seed dormancy and likely to restrict germination of the species. Germination of entire, untreated seed was low (less than 2%), but removal of a small portion of the testa at or near the radicle end of the seed improved germination. This response was affected by the temperature under which the seed germinated, but was unaffected by exposure of the seed to light while germinating. The percentage germination of nicked seeds 52 days after sowing increased from 8% …

Comparative Phosphate Requirements Of Yellow Serradella (Ornithopus Compressus) Burr Medic (Medicago Polymorpha Var. Brevispina) And Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum), Blakely Paynter

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

The phosphate (P) requirements of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) on marginally acidic, medium-textured soils and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) on acidic, light-textured soils in the low rainfall (< 400 mm) wheatbelt of Western Australia are not known. The hypothesis that yellow serradella, subterranean clover (Trifolium suhrerraneum) and burr medic have the same external requirement for applied P was tested in a glasshouse trial on 2 P-deficient soils. Species were compared on an equal total seed weight and similar maturity length basis. It was found that yellow serradella required less soil applied P to achieve 90% maximum shoot production or total plant (shoots + roots) growth and had a greater curvature co-efficient from fitted Mitscherlich functions than either subterranean clover or burr medic. Burr medic was the most responsive to applied P and had the largest external requirement for applied P. These differences in external P requirements were related to differences in ability of the 3 legumes to absorb P and to transport it to their shoots and were not due to differences in internal efficiency of the shoots. Yellow serradella was able to take up more P (total plant P content) per g roots than subterranean clover, and subterranean clover more than burr medic. The same relationship applied to the translocation of absorbed P from roots to shoots.

Increasing Phosphorus Concentration In Lupin Seed Increases Grain Yield On Phosphorus Deficient Soil, Mike D. Bolland, Blakely Paynter, Mike Baker

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

In a field experiment on a phosphorus (P) deficient soil in south-western Australia, lupin seed ( Lupinus angustifolius cv. Danja) of the same size (157 mg/seed) but with 2 different phosphorus (P) concentrations in the seed (2.0 and 2.8 g P/kg) was sown with 4 levels of superphosphate (5, 20, 40 and 60 kg P/ha) drilled with the seed in May 1988 to examine the effect of seed P concentration on subsequent dry matter (DM) and grain yields. Increasing the amount of superphosphate applied from 5 to 60 kg P/ha almost doubled yields. In addition, lupins grown from seed containing …