Agricultural Science Commons^™

Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Corn And Soybean Competition And Control, Jill Alms

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The continuous use of glyphosate-resistant crops has resulted in volunteer crops with the same herbicide resistance as the cash crop and an increasing weed problem. Volunteer corn reduces soybean yields however; little research has examined corn yield loss due to volunteer corn or volunteer soybean competition. These studies investigated yield loss and control of volunteer soybean in corn, and volunteer corn in soybean and corn. Using several densities of competitive plants, the yield loss was fit to a hyperbolic equation that indicated incremental yield loss (I value) to be 29.9 for volunteer corn in soybeans, 5.6 for volunteer corn in …

Identifying Promising New Falcata Alfalfa Populations For Use In Semiarid Rangelands, Derek Kannenberg

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a valuable crop worldwide. In addition to its use as forage, the nitrogen fixation capabilities of root nodules make it a valuable component for improving soil health. Unfortunately, the semi-arid region of the Northern Great Plains introduces a number of environmental stresses that are detrimental to stand establishment and persistence. The ability to produce adventitious shoots from roots is generally considered a favorable trait for increasing stress resistance. This study aimed to identify alfalfa populations possessing the ability to produce adventitious shoot from root segments. Seven Plant Introductions (PIs), selected from the National Plant …

Igrow Wheat: Best Management Practices For Wheat Production, David C. Clay, C. Gregg Carlson, Kevin Dalsted

Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Books

No abstract provided.

Shoot Morphology Of Eleven Alfalfa Populations, Jessica A. Schmuck

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major component of feed for dairy and beef cattle and one of the most productive forage species in North America. Alfalfa has been planted on millions of acres. More than 100 varieties have been developed in North America over the past 100 years. However, historically, alfalfa persistence under grazing in semiarid rangeland has generally been poor. Recently, it was discovered that naturally-selected populations of predominantly yellow-flowered alfalfa have been proven to be adapted to rangelands of western South Dakota and adjacent areas. A study was initiated in May 2006 to evaluate persistence and vigor …

Soybean Diseases : A Pictorial Guide For South Dakota, Lawrence E. Osborne, Darrel Deneke, Thomas Chase, Marie Langham

SDSU Extension Circulars

This publication was assembled to provide growers and crop managers in South Dakota and nearby states with easy-to-use and handy diagnostic information for a number of major or potentially problematic soybean diseases. It is intended to provide a starting point for management decisions.

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota: Websites With Related Information, David E. Clay, Kurtis D. Reitsma

SDSU Extension Circulars

No abstract provided.

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota: Recordkeeping, James A. Wilson, Kurtis D. Reitsma, David E. Clay

SDSU Extension Circulars

Recordkeeping is an important component of all crop production systems. The time that is spent maintaining careful records can help to improve the production, profit, and overall efficiency of the production enterprise. Records provide information needed to identify successes and failures.

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota: Corn Grain Harvest, Daniel S. Humberg, Richard E. Nicolai, Kurtis D. Reitsma

SDSU Extension Circulars

Corn (grain) harvest can begin when grain moisture drops below 30%. However, most producers will allow corn to dry in the field until grain moisture is between 18 to 25%. Harvesting corn when grain moisture levels are high can result in excessive drying costs, kernel damage, and harvest loss from improper threshing. Allowing corn to stay in the field too long can result in excess harvest loss from stalk lodging, ear drop, or kernel shattering. An optimal harvest depends not only on the condition of the crop but also on the proper maintenance and adjustment of harvest and grain handling …

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota: Corn Insect Pests, Michael A. Catangui, Billy W. Fuller, B. Wade French

SDSU Extension Circulars

Historically, the major corn insect pests have been corn rootworms (northern and western), European corn borer, and black cutworm. Bt-corn hybrids are effective against most of these pests. However, Bt-corn hybrids are not effective against corn leaf aphid, corn root aphid, sap beetles, corn rootworm adults, grasshoppers, white grubs, wireworms, seed corn beetle, and seed corn maggots. These insect pests can reduce corn yields. This chapter discusses the management and biology of important corn insect pests commonly observed in South Dakota.

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota: Soil Fertility, David E. Clay, Kurtis D. Reitsma

SDSU Extension Circulars

Corn requires sufficient amounts of at least 14 nutrients for optimal production (fig. 7.1). Soil fertility strategies should consider soil residual plant nutrients, cost of fertilizer relative to the value of corn, and management techniques that increase efficiency.

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota : Corn Calendar And Troubleshooting Guide, Troy Bauder, Dwayne L. Beck, Sue L. Blodgett, C. Gregg Carlson, Michael A. Catangui, David E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, Darrell L. Deneke, Martin A. Draper, B. Wade French, Billy W. Fuller, Robert G. Hall, Curt A. Hoffbeck, Daniel S. Humburg, Marie A. Langham, Douglas D. Malo, Mike J. Moechnig, Richard E. Nicolai, Kurtis D. Reitsma, Bradley E. Ruden, Thomas E. Schumacher, Dennis P. Todey, Todd P. Trooien, Hal D. Werner, James A. Wilson, Howard J. Woodard, Leon J. Wrage

SDSU Extension Circulars

No abstract provided.

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota : Corn Drying And Storage, Troy Bauder, Dwayne L. Beck, Sue L. Blodgett, C. Gregg Gregg

SDSU Extension Circulars

The goal for a corn drying and storage system is to maintain grain quality without impeding harvesting or shipping. This chapter describes the factors that influence grain quality, proper handling techniques, drying procedures, storage management, and safety precautions.

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota: Weeds And Herbicide Injury In Corn, Sharon Clay, Mike J. Moechnig

SDSU Extension Circulars

This chapter addresses weed problems and herbicide injuries that commonly occur in South Dakota corn production. Photographs and information are provided to assist producers in managing weed pressure and to help identify herbicide injury symptoms resulting from improper application, unintentional exposure, or adverse environmental conditions.

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota: Useful Calculations: Corn Yields And Storage Requirements, Kurtis D. Reitsma, David Clay, Sharon Clay, C. Gregg Calson

SDSU Extension Circulars

No abstract provided.

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota, Troy Bauder, Dwayne L. Beck, Sue L. Blodgett, C. Gregg Carlson, Michael A. Catangui, David E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, Darrell L. Deneke, Martin A. Draper, B. Wade French, Billy W. Fuller, Robert G. Hall, Curt A. Hoffbeck, Daniel S. Humburg, Marie A. Langham, Douglas D. Malo, Mike J. Moechnig, Richard E. Nicolai, Kurtis D. Reitsma, Bradley E. Ruden, Thomas E. Schumacher, Dennis P. Todey, Todd P. Trooien, Hal D. Werner, James A. Wilson, Howard J. Woodard, Leon J. Wrage

SDSU Extension Circulars

Table of Contents:

Introduction [Page] 1

1. Corn Growth and Development [Page] 3

2. Corn Hybrid Selection [Page] 9

3. Corn Planting Guide [Page] 13

4. Seasonal Hazards—Frost, Hail, Drought, and Flooding [Page] 17

5. Tillage, Crop Rotations, and Cover Crops [Page] 21

6. Irrigation and Salt Management [Page] 31

7. Soil Fertility [Page] 39

8. Corn Insect Pests [Page] 49

9. Corn Diseases in South Dakota [Page] 59

10. Weeds and Herbicide Injury in Corn [Page] 71

11. Corn Grain Harvest [Page] 93

12. Corn Drying and Storage [Page] 99

13. Recordkeeping [Page] 107

14. Useful Calculations: Corn Yields …

Best Management Practices For Corn Production In South Dakota : Corn Diseases In South Dakota, Troy Bauder, Dwayne L. Beck, Sue L. Blodgett, C. Gregg Carlson, Michael A. Catangui, David E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, Darrell L. Deneke, Martin A. Draper, B. Wade French, Billy W. Fuller, Robert G. Hall, Curt A. Hoffbeck, Daniel S. Humburg, Marie A. Langham, Douglas D. Malo, Mike J. Moechnig, Richard E. Nicolai, Kurtis D. Reitsma, Bradley E. Ruden, Thomas E. Schumacher, Dennis P. Todey, Todd P. Trooien, Hal D. Werner, James A. Wilson, Howard J. Woodard, Leon J. Wrage

SDSU Extension Circulars

Corn diseases can be separated into 1) seed and seedling diseases, 2) root-infecting nematodes, 3) leaf diseases, 4) rusts, 5) stalk rots, and 6) ear and grain molds. Yield losses can result from diseases directly reducing yields or from harvestability, spoilage, or marketing and/or use issues associated with mycotoxin contamination. See Table 9.1 for corn disease management information. Attention to optimal seed quality, hybrid selection, seed treatments, weed and insect control, crop rotation, soil fertility, irrigation, and prompt harvest can reduce disease impacts. This chapter discusses aspects of recognizing and managing South Dakota corn diseases.

Effects Of Stratification, Warm Treatment, And Mechanical And Acid Scarification On The Emergence Of Yellow-Flowered Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa Subsp. Falcata) Seeds, Diane Narem

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Yellow-flowered alfalfa (YFA) has great potential to improve rangelands in the Northern Plains. Greater than 99% of YFA seeds from soil were viable but less than 4% germinated under standard laboratory conditions. The objective was to determine if low germination was due to physical or physiological seed dormancy. The experiment utilized a random complete block design with two trials, eight replications per trial. Each replication consisted of ten treatments plus a control, four stratification treatments consisting of a combination of two temperatures (-5°C, -20°C) and two durations (48 hr, 72 hr), one warm treatment (4 min, 60°C), four sandpaper scarification …

Selection Of Winter Wheat Mutant Lines Resistant To Drought Stress, Brian Kontz, Sean Franklin, Charles Brunel

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Mutated winter wheat lines were screened for improved drought resistance compared to the wildtype by withholding water for 3 weeks after 9 weeks of normal growth, and noting their responses upon re-watering. Of the 146 mutants grown, 73% were either killed due to water stress or showed poor recovery, while 27% recovered better than the wildtype line. This experiment enabled the selection of candidates for further investigation to better understand the genetic basis of drought tolerance in winter wheat.

Comparison Of 'Organic' And 'Conventional' Grains And Soybean Prices In The Northern Great Plains And Upper Midwest: 1995 Through 2003, Nicholas Streff, Thomas L. Dobbs

Economics Pamphlet Series (1985-2016)

Price premiums for organic crops drew the attention of an increasing number of farmers throughout the 1990s. Premiums contributed to the expansion of U.S. farmland managed under organic farming systems during that time period. Expansion of organic farming systems continued at least through 2001. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service's most recent data on organic farming systems, U.S. farmers and ranchers added almost one million acres of certified organic farmland between 1997 and 2001, an increase of 74 percent. Over that same time frame, certified organic cropland increased by 53 percent). The USDA implemented national …

Precision Farming Protocols. Part 2. Comparison Of Sampling Approaches For Precision Phosphorus Management, David E. Clay, Jiyul Chang, C. Gregg Carlson, Doug Malo, Sharon A. Clay, Mike Ellsbury

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Research is needed to compare the different techniques for developing site‐specific phosphorus (P) recommendations on a field‐wide basis. The objective of this study was to determine the impact different techniques for developing site‐specific P recommendation maps on yield and profitability. Enterprise analysis combined with a crop simulation model and detailed field characterization was used to estimate the value of spatial P information in a system where N was not limiting. The systems evaluated were continuous corn (Zea mays) and corn and soybean (Gfycine max) rotations where sampling and fertilizer applications were applied annually and semi‐annually, respectively. The sampling techniques tested …

Drip And Sprinkler Irrigation Of Carrots And Onions, James D. Melstad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many specialty crops, especially vegetables, are shallow rooted and sensitive to periods of moisture stress. This makes irrigation of vegetables necessary to their production in South Dakota since summer rainfall is normally both inadequate and undependable. A study was initiated in conjunction with the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the Water Resources Institute to evaluate irrigation of specialty crops in eastern South Dakota. Drop and sprinkler irrigation were utilized for the irrigation of two specialty crops presently grown in South Dakota, carrots and onions. The study was initiated with the following objectives: 1. To compare carrots and onion yields …