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Articles 4231 - 4260 of 9451
Full-Text Articles in Agricultural Science
Low Input Techniques For Firebreak Covering: Agronomic Aspects, S. Caredda, Antonello Franca, F. Sanna, G. Seddaiu
Low Input Techniques For Firebreak Covering: Agronomic Aspects, S. Caredda, Antonello Franca, F. Sanna, G. Seddaiu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Sardinia, wild fire prevention is traditionally "passive" , based on mechanical removal of vegetation and upper soil layers. This has a dramatic negative effect on plant diversity and soil erosion. This experiment concerns "active" prevention of wildfires, based on green covering and grazing of firebreaks. The objective was the establishment of a persistent green cover, to be grazed by animals to reduce fuel accumulation.
Cost Efficiency Of Agri-Environmental Schemes - Model Calculations In Central Europe For Grassland Extensification, H. Bergmann
Cost Efficiency Of Agri-Environmental Schemes - Model Calculations In Central Europe For Grassland Extensification, H. Bergmann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The use of grassland in less favoured areas is important for the protection of agro-biodiversity. However, under existing market conditions the use of low yielding grasslands is not efficient economically. For this reason the European Union is paying specific support to make extensive grasslands economically more attractive. The objective of this study was to analyse whether the existing agri-environmental scheme was the cheapest way to protect extensive grasslands.
Phytosociological And Economical Properties Of Some Water-Meadows Of Nemunas, Lithuania, L. Baležentienė, E. Venskutonienė
Phytosociological And Economical Properties Of Some Water-Meadows Of Nemunas, Lithuania, L. Baležentienė, E. Venskutonienė
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The water meadows of Nemunas in Lithuania have a high biological diversity as well as economic value. This paper describes the syntaxonomic type of meadow communities, plant species diversity of some water meadows of Nemunas, estimating the productivity of these grasslands in the summers of 2002 and 2003 and the optimal method of management.
Role Of Grasslands And Grassland Management For Biogeochemical Cycles And Biodiversity. Setting Up Long-Term Manipulation Experiments In France, G. Lemaire, Jean-François Soussana, J. C. Emile, A. Chabbi, F. Louault, P. Loiseau, Bertrand Dumont, X. Charrier
Role Of Grasslands And Grassland Management For Biogeochemical Cycles And Biodiversity. Setting Up Long-Term Manipulation Experiments In France, G. Lemaire, Jean-François Soussana, J. C. Emile, A. Chabbi, F. Louault, P. Loiseau, Bertrand Dumont, X. Charrier
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Land use for grassland is recognised to have some beneficial effects for biodiversity and the environment: (i) regulation of the water cycle and protection of soils against erosion, (ii) accumulation of organic matter in soil and sequestration of atmospheric C, (iii) regulation of the N cycle and attenuation of the risk for N leaching, (iv) recycling of nutrients and improvement of soil quality, (v) improvement of biodiversity of vegetation, soil microbes and micro- and meso-fauna. All these effects depend upon the management of the grassland: cutting vs. grazing, stocking density, level of N inputs. Management decisions often result from short- …
Safe: A Framework For Assessing Sustainability Levels In Agricultural Systems, X. Sauvenier, C. Bielders, V. Brouckaert, V. Garcia, M. Hermy, E. Mathijs, B. Muys, J. Valckx, N. Van Cauwenbergh, M. Vanclooster, E. Wauters, A. Peeters
Safe: A Framework For Assessing Sustainability Levels In Agricultural Systems, X. Sauvenier, C. Bielders, V. Brouckaert, V. Garcia, M. Hermy, E. Mathijs, B. Muys, J. Valckx, N. Van Cauwenbergh, M. Vanclooster, E. Wauters, A. Peeters
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Evaluating the sustainability of agricultural systems is a major challenge for scientists, policy makers and farmers. Numerous sets of indicators have recently been designed, both at national and international levels. However, most of these initiatives focus only on environmental aspects of sustainability, indicators are often selected arbitrarily and usually do not fit in a consistent, comprehensive and universally applicable framework. This paper presents an original framework for integrating the information contained by indicators into a single quantitative measure of agricultural sustainability in order to facilitate comparison and diagnosis.
Ecosystem Management In Pasture Communities: Tools From Restoration Ecology, S. C. Goslee, M. A. Sanderson
Ecosystem Management In Pasture Communities: Tools From Restoration Ecology, S. C. Goslee, M. A. Sanderson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pasture systems have the potential to improve both economic and environmental sustainability in agricultural communities worldwide. To achieve maximum benefits, pasture plant communities must be tailored to the climate, the site type and the goals of the producer. Little is known about how to accomplish this, beyond very broad recommendations. We approached the problem by adapting a three-step conceptual framework from restoration ecology for use in managed pasture communities of the northeastern United States. The three steps, inventory, assessment and remediation, were designed for managers interested in restoring degraded native ecosystems, but can be applied equally well in managed ecosystems.
Effects Of Tree And Tillage Systems On The Productivity Of The Herbaceous Stratum In Silvopastoral Systems In The Southwest Of Córdoba, Argentina, O. Plevich, C. Saroff, C. Cholaky, T. Pereyra, O. Barotto, H. Pagliaricci
Effects Of Tree And Tillage Systems On The Productivity Of The Herbaceous Stratum In Silvopastoral Systems In The Southwest Of Córdoba, Argentina, O. Plevich, C. Saroff, C. Cholaky, T. Pereyra, O. Barotto, H. Pagliaricci
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the southwest of Córdoba, Argentina, there are lands with severe water erosion, due to the interaction of rolling pampas, high intensity precipitation, loam soil, and farming systems based on annual crops (Cantero et al., 1998). In an attempt to mitigate the erosive processes, a silvopastoral system was established in which winter forage was combined with trees. To improve the physical condition of the soil, two tillage systems were implemented. The objective of this paper was to determine the effect of trees and tillage systems on the production of forage.
Effect Of Tree Species And Density On Pasture Production In Galicia, Spain, A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez, E. Fernández-Núñez, M. R. Mosquera-Losada
Effect Of Tree Species And Density On Pasture Production In Galicia, Spain, A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez, E. Fernández-Núñez, M. R. Mosquera-Losada
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Galicia produces 50% of the forest products of Spain. Livestock production earns 62% of the income of the agrarian sector in Galicia. Afforestation has been very important in the last decade to such an extent that the area of forest and woodlands now covers 62% of Galicia. It is necessary to increase the rate of return on investments in planted forests in order to avoid rural depopulation through improvement of rural development and welfare. This paper reports on the effect of combining pastures with trees.
Evolution And Ageing Of Brachiaria Brizantha Pasture Component In A Silvopastoral System, M. Rakocevic, F. C. De Oliveira, J. Ribaski, O. J. Lavoranti
Evolution And Ageing Of Brachiaria Brizantha Pasture Component In A Silvopastoral System, M. Rakocevic, F. C. De Oliveira, J. Ribaski, O. J. Lavoranti
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The main causes of the decline of Brachiaria pasture in the tropics are lack of maintenance, fertilisation and excessively high animal stocking rates (Boddey et al., 2004). Brachiaria brizantha has two predominant morphological forms: 1) relatively high stems with grouped tillers at a high position constructed from short leaves (bunch type); 2) low stems with long leaves, which in time evolve into the first type (Kanno et al., 1999). The concept of Brachiaria management involves animals entering to commence grazing when the pasture is 50-60cm high and being removed at 25-30cm, leaving a regrowth period of at least …
The Influence Of Tree Thinning And Tree Species On The Dry Matter Yield Of Grasses Of A Bush Encroached Semi-Arid Savanna In South Africa, G. N. Smit
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Acacia erubescens-Combetum apiculatum dominated savanna of South Africa is water-limited and an increase in woody plant abundance suppresses the grasses. This is the major reason why thinning or total clearing of all woody plants is often considered by landowners. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of intensity of tree thinning and tree species on grass yields in a semi-arid South African savanna.
Productivity Of A Leucaena Leucocephala-Cynodon Nlemfuensis Silvopastoral System With Sheep In Yucatan, Mexico, J. G. Escobedo-Mex, L. Ramirez-Aviles
Productivity Of A Leucaena Leucocephala-Cynodon Nlemfuensis Silvopastoral System With Sheep In Yucatan, Mexico, J. G. Escobedo-Mex, L. Ramirez-Aviles
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal production in the tropics of Mexico is based on grazed grasslands of low productivity; this type of production system has reduced the areas of natural vegetation and damaged the ecology (erosion of flora, fauna and soil). Silvopastoral technologies may improve the welfare and economic conditions of the rural population and, consequently, preserve their natural resources. The current work was designed to assess the introduction of Leucaena leucocephala in a silvopastoral system with Cynodon nlemfuensis (star grass) grazed by sheep.
Agroforestry Systems In Cuba: Some Aspects Of Animal Production, J. Iglesias, L. Simón, L. Lamela, I. Hernández, M. Milera, T. Sánchez
Agroforestry Systems In Cuba: Some Aspects Of Animal Production, J. Iglesias, L. Simón, L. Lamela, I. Hernández, M. Milera, T. Sánchez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The silvopastoral systems, that nowadays constitute scientific achievements of the Grasses and Forages Research Station "Indio Hatuey ", have been developed from the results of investigations that were carried out since the 1980s, to improve the productivity of natural pastures through the introduction of valuable herbaceous species and tree legumes. Those investigations also determined the essential elements of pasture management such as the optimal stocking rates for low input systems and suitable methods of grazing to obtain sustainability of grasslands.
Optimising Forage Production On Degraded Lands In The Dry Tropics Through Silvopastoral Systems, P. S. Pathak
Optimising Forage Production On Degraded Lands In The Dry Tropics Through Silvopastoral Systems, P. S. Pathak
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In India, 187 M ha out of a total area of 328 M ha face the problem of land degradation, mostly due to water and wind erosion. The problems are aggravated by poor land cover and increasing pressure of human and livestock populations. There is over-exploitation of the scarce resources of forage and firewood. Several techniques, including watershed based silvopastoral land use have been proposed (Patil & Pathak, 1977). Tree, grass and legume based systems have been tried after land treatment to reduce runoff and soil loss while meeting the forage needs of the livestock and firewood for cooking in …
The Valuation Of Service Of Recreation Function Of Dalinor National Natural Reserve, G. Qiao, H. Wang, G. Han, M. Zhao
The Valuation Of Service Of Recreation Function Of Dalinor National Natural Reserve, G. Qiao, H. Wang, G. Han, M. Zhao
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dalinor National Natural Reserve is located in the west of Keshketeng Banner of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR). It covers a total area of 119,413.35 ha, and is in drought or semi-drought continental climatic zone. DNNR is a comprehensive natural reserve made up of different ecosystems including lakes, prairies, wetlands, and forests. Dalinor Lake in DNNR is regarded as the paradise of birds, covering an area of 238 km2 between sandy lands and grasslands. DNNR was established in 1987 as a provincial natural reserve and was upgraded to a National Natural Reserve by the State Council of …
Significance Of Grasslands In Protected Forest Areas, C. M. Mishra, A. Kumar, B. C. Tiwari, S. L. Singh
Significance Of Grasslands In Protected Forest Areas, C. M. Mishra, A. Kumar, B. C. Tiwari, S. L. Singh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper describes case studies of grassland formation in the protected forest areas of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This state has a total forest/tree cover of 8.84%, whereas the protected forest areas comprise only 2.54%.The protected areas constitute, one national park, eleven wildlife sanctuaries and thirteen bird sanctuaries.
Integrity Of Indigenous Knowledge Systems In Natural Resource Management: The Case Of The Arid And Semi-Arid Baringo Herders Of Kenya, P. M. Makenzi, Abdillahi A. Aboud
Integrity Of Indigenous Knowledge Systems In Natural Resource Management: The Case Of The Arid And Semi-Arid Baringo Herders Of Kenya, P. M. Makenzi, Abdillahi A. Aboud
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ineffective management of natural resources in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), resulting in resource depletion, rapid loss of biodiversity and environmental degradation, is of great concern globally. The Baringo herders in the ASALs of Kenya have been branded as perpetrators of this vice, with the blame placed particularly on their traditional livestock management, utilising indigenous knowledge systems (IKS). These IKS involve livestock mobility and maximisation, and have been regarded as being outdated and inefficient in meeting the challenges and demands for environmental conservation and sustainable management of the natural resources. A common reaction of the government has been to advocate …
The Role Of The Phare Programme And The Danish-Lithuanian Project On The Development Of The Grassland Production And Of Dairy-Beef Cattle Husbandry, V. Vrotniakiene, Jonas Jatkauskas
The Role Of The Phare Programme And The Danish-Lithuanian Project On The Development Of The Grassland Production And Of Dairy-Beef Cattle Husbandry, V. Vrotniakiene, Jonas Jatkauskas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal production is one of the priorities for economic development in Lithuania. Dairy-beef cattle husbandry has remained an important branch of animal production under the conditions of agricultural reform. Favorable agroclimatic conditions for grass cultivation, old traditions of agricultural production and the ability to train farmers in new techniques creates good conditions for the development of dairy-beef cattle husbandry. It is most appropriate to use cattle types suitable for grass feeding with low inputs of concentrates. This paper reports on two development projects that sought to increase animal production through grassland improvement and the production of high-quality silage.
Farmer Field Schools In Expanding Cultivation To Newly Reclaimed Land In Ismailia In Egypt, Oiva Niemeläinen, M. Komulainen, Y. Ahmed, M. El-Sayes, A. El-Adwy
Farmer Field Schools In Expanding Cultivation To Newly Reclaimed Land In Ismailia In Egypt, Oiva Niemeläinen, M. Komulainen, Y. Ahmed, M. El-Sayes, A. El-Adwy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The use of irrigation systems is expanding in Egypt to facilitate cultivation on sandy areas that were previously desert. Many of the farmers starting on the new areas are undergraduates and others with no background in farming. Much support is required when they start farming. In addition, farmers moving to the new lands from the Nile Delta meet completely new challenges because the poor and infertile sandy soils require different management from the clay soils at the Delta. Ismailia Agricultural Research Station (IARS) of the Agricultural Research Center of Egypt focuses on research on how to cultivate the newly reclaimed …
Forage Development In The Nepal Mid-Hills: New Perspectives, A. D. Robertson
Forage Development In The Nepal Mid-Hills: New Perspectives, A. D. Robertson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nepali hill farming communities are typically poor and remote, and are currently severely affected by conflict. The challenge is to define simple approaches which can generate results within this context. Livestock are central to livelihoods and to the sustainability of farming, with rain-fed agriculture dependent on inputs of manure-based compost. Stall feeding has increased dramatically with the adoption of community forestry and general preclusion of grazing. A broad landscape approach to forage development is increasingly being adopted, with concurrent on-farm interventions, such as intercropping and back-yard forage, and off-farm interventions, such as landslide stabilisation with forages, development of forest understory, …
Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Fodder Production Techniques By Milk Producers In Dhankuta District, Eastern Nepal, C. P. Ferris, R. Nelson
Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Fodder Production Techniques By Milk Producers In Dhankuta District, Eastern Nepal, C. P. Ferris, R. Nelson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Many districts are food-deficient in Nepal. Increased milk consumption could improve human health and nutrition, while milk sales can provide families with a valuable source of income. However, milk production in Nepal is low, mainly because of the poor nutritional status of livestock, which can be attributed in part to a fodder deficit. However there is potential to increase fodder production, and some innovative fodder production techniques have been tried and proven locally. These include planting of fodder trees, fodder grasses and fodder crops. As the level of adoption of these techniques is variable, a survey was undertaken to quantify …
A Situation Analysis Of Ley Pasture Utilisation In The Western Downs And Maranoa Regions Of S Queensland, Australia, K. J. Sibson, L. Bahnisch, R. Routley, K. Taylor
A Situation Analysis Of Ley Pasture Utilisation In The Western Downs And Maranoa Regions Of S Queensland, Australia, K. J. Sibson, L. Bahnisch, R. Routley, K. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Previous studies have shown that the uptake of ley pasture systems in S Queensland's grain growing region has been slow when compared with mixed farming systems in S Australia. This is despite their demonstrated benefits to subsequent crops, livestock production and the environment. A survey was conducted that aimed to determine the level of utilisation of ley pastures in the Western Downs and Maranoa regions of S Queensland, and the possible constraints to their adoption, and benefits arising from their use. The survey also aimed to determine the commonly used pasture species, the reasons for their use and their contribution …
A Situation Analysis Of Ley Pasture Utilisation In The Western Downs And Maranoa Regions Of S Queensland, Australia, K. J. Sibson, L. Bahnisch, R. Routley, K. Taylor
A Situation Analysis Of Ley Pasture Utilisation In The Western Downs And Maranoa Regions Of S Queensland, Australia, K. J. Sibson, L. Bahnisch, R. Routley, K. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Previous studies have shown that the uptake of ley pasture systems in S Queensland's grain growing region has been slow when compared with mixed farming systems in S Australia. This is despite their demonstrated benefits to subsequent crops, livestock production and the environment. A survey was conducted that aimed to determine the level of utilisation of ley pastures in the Western Downs and Maranoa regions of S Queensland, and the possible constraints to their adoption, and benefits arising from their use. The survey also aimed to determine the commonly used pasture species, the reasons for their use and their contribution …
Rotational Grazing Demonstration With Beef Cattle On Conservation Reserve Land In Adams County, Iowa, Usa, S. K. Barnhart, B. Peterson, C. O. Nelson, R. Bredahl, J. Klein, R. Sprague
Rotational Grazing Demonstration With Beef Cattle On Conservation Reserve Land In Adams County, Iowa, Usa, S. K. Barnhart, B. Peterson, C. O. Nelson, R. Bredahl, J. Klein, R. Sprague
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The United States Dept. of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary program available to agricultural producers who will enroll erosive, marginally productive cropland for a 10 to 15 year period. In return, participants are provided annual rental payments and cost-share assistance to establish and maintain long- term, resource-conserving vegetative cover to improve the quality of water, control soil erosion, and enhance wildlife habitat. Since the inception of the CRP, policymakers, conservationists, farmers, and rural residents have been concerned about the likely fate of program land after the contracts expire. Most of the existing research, whether it relies on …
Sustaining Grass-Legume Pastures For Cow-Calf Herds: A Case Study, John L. Caddel, D. D. Redfearn, R. L. Woods
Sustaining Grass-Legume Pastures For Cow-Calf Herds: A Case Study, John L. Caddel, D. D. Redfearn, R. L. Woods
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An on-going pasture demonstration study has been used since 1988 to demonstrate methods to improve pasture production for small beef cow-calf herds. Many cattle enterprises are not economically viable because poor management decisions lead to excessive stocking rate, ineffective fertilisation programmes etc., leading to a dependence on hay purchases. The initial objective, continued until 2001, was to maintain one cow- calf pair per ha without purchasing forage or grain produced off farm. More recently, reducing the dependence on harvested forage has been added as an objective.
A Forage Area Of Expertise Team: The Michigan Approach To Applied Research And Extension, Richard Leep, D. H. Min
A Forage Area Of Expertise Team: The Michigan Approach To Applied Research And Extension, Richard Leep, D. H. Min
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Agricultural Experiment Stations and the Cooperative Extension Service have traditionally contributed to the economic, social, human, and environmental capital of the United States. Despite this, both institutions have experienced declining federal budget support and increasing competition for resources (Hamm 1997; Hood & Schutjer 1990; Knutson & Outlaw 1994; Paarlberg 1992). Michigan State University Extension, in partnership with the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, implemented self-directed area of expertise (AOE) teams as its major educational development and delivery model. AOE teams grew out of experiences with previous temporary research/Extension teams and quick response professional groups operating within traditional line responsibilities for research …
Technology Transfer Through A Network Of Producer Groups, D. J. Thomson, R. Smith
Technology Transfer Through A Network Of Producer Groups, D. J. Thomson, R. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective was to enhance the rate of uptake of research and development (R & D) in the context of the whole farm business. This paper reports on two pilot projects - SWARD (South West Agricultural and Rural Development - Devon and Cornwall) and GARD (Gloucestershire Agricultural and Rural Development). The projects were focused on improving the quality of decision making at a time of change, through the provision of R & D results and information within an integrated group support service. Key aspects of the approach are outlined below.
Using Abandoned Paddy Fields For Grazing In Northern Japan, M. Nashiki, H. Narita, Y. Higashiyama
Using Abandoned Paddy Fields For Grazing In Northern Japan, M. Nashiki, H. Narita, Y. Higashiyama
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The number of abandoned paddy fields is increasing in Japan, because the government has been regulating rice production. It has been recommended that the abandoned paddy fields be used for stock raising. However, there is sometimes a lack of information about the land on the abandoned paddy fields and farmers want to know the cost of fencing and the best grass species to use. This paper seeks to provide farmers with information on how to begin to use the abandoned paddy fields as pastures in hilly rural areas in Japan.
Utilisation Of Whole-Crop Rice Silage As A Feed For Ruminants, N. Yoshida, M. Ogawa, Y. Cai, H. Nemoto, M. Ishida
Utilisation Of Whole-Crop Rice Silage As A Feed For Ruminants, N. Yoshida, M. Ogawa, Y. Cai, H. Nemoto, M. Ishida
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A national project on the utilisation of whole-plant rice (Oryza sativa L.) as a feed has developed in Japan since 2000. The use of a home-produced forage may be useful to reassure consumers concerned with risks of BSE and foot and mouth disease. Furthermore, Japanese farmers have been obliged to convert one million ha of paddy field from rice to other crops.
Development Of A Grazing Land Management Education Program For Northern Australia’S Grasslands And Grassy Woodlands, Chris R. Chilcott, M. F. Quirk, C. J. Paton, B. S. Nelson, T. Oxley
Development Of A Grazing Land Management Education Program For Northern Australia’S Grasslands And Grassy Woodlands, Chris R. Chilcott, M. F. Quirk, C. J. Paton, B. S. Nelson, T. Oxley
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Recognition of the potential to enhance grazing land management to meet the goal of sustainable beef production has been increasing over the past decade. Recognition of the relationship between poor land management and negative off-site environmental impacts, such as soil erosion and a decline in the condition of rivers and adjacent near shore coastal areas from sediment transport, has increased also. This concern has matured somewhat to include the critical link between land condition and production, and the threat to sustainable carrying capacity that comes from declining land condition. Concurrently, interest has increased in optimising the use of pasture, e.g. …
Forage-Animal Production Research Unit (Fapru): Establishment Of A New Usda-Ars Research Location, J. R. Strickland, Glen E. Aiken, Isabelle Kagan, R. D. Dinkins
Forage-Animal Production Research Unit (Fapru): Establishment Of A New Usda-Ars Research Location, J. R. Strickland, Glen E. Aiken, Isabelle Kagan, R. D. Dinkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forages are vital to the success of grazing livestock production systems. Forages provide a low cost source of nutrients for animal production (Barnes & Nelson 2003; Ball et al., 1996). Limited fundamental (i.e., genomic, proteomic, metabolomic) research on the effects of environment and management on plant quality and production and the effects of plant metabolites (i.e., nutrients, anti-quality factors, nutraceuticals) on animal performance has hindered our ability to improve the productivity of forage-based enterprises. There is insufficient information for reliable prediction of animal performance in response to plant metabolites. To address these issues, USDA-ARS established FAPRU (Forage-Animal Production Research …