Agricultural Science Commons^™

Effect Of Different Seeding Rate On Seed Production Of The Rye Variety “Gogu” In Korea, Joung-Kyong Lee, Young-Il Cho, Ouk-Kyu Han, Jong-Duk Kim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The rye (Secale cereale L.) has been used as an excellent green manure crop and good forage crop in Korea. The rye is usually recommended as a winter crop for forage and green manure after either maize or rice in Korea (Heo et al., 2009). But most of its seeds are being imported from foreign countries because the seed productions have difficulty with latematuring and the heavy raining season in the ripening stage in Korea. Therefore, a new rye variety “Gogu” with an earlymaturing and high performance was bred by National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Suwon, Korea in …

Seed Standards And Seed Testing Protocols For Forage Legume Seeds, Vinod Kumar, K. Sridhar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed is the basic agricultural input and its quality is extremely important. In the absence of seeds of assured quality, the expenditure of the farmers on the other inputs may become of little use. It was in this context, seed legislation is in force in majority of the crops cultivated across the country to ensure the availability of high quality seeds to the farmers. The seed quality parameters (known as Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards, IMSCS) of a notified variety of various crops (viz., forages, cereals, millets, pulses etc.) have been published through Gazette notifications by the Government …

Seed Production Of Brachiaria Ruziziensis In India--Seed Collection Methods And Feed Opportunities, Edna Antony, K. Sridar, D. T. Pal, Vinod Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brachiaria ruziziensis is an important fodder crop suitable for high rainfall areas and soils with low nutrient supply. Though the area under B. ruziziensis cultivation in India is not properly documented, it is widely grown in Kerala (Stür et al. 1996) and in parts of Karnataka and Goa. By virtue of its shade tolerance and adaptability, B. ruziziensis have wide scope for adoption in other parts of India. In India, Brachiaria is mainly planted through root slips as availability of good quality filled seeds is very less. It is known that the proportion of filled to unfilled seeds depends …

Multiple Scale Impacts Of Nomad Settlement On Social-Ecological Systems, Mingming Fan, Wenjun Li

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are complex interactions and feedback mechanisms between human and natural systems within the coupled social-ecological systems (SESs) (Liu et al. 2007, Li and Li 2012). Human society is the major driving force that changes ecosystem dynamics from local environments to the biosphere (Liu et al. 2007, Kirch 2005). Grasslands, especially the vulnerable arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems upon which pastoralists live and graze livestock, can be considered as SESs; pastoral activities influence the biophysical environment and set up interactions between the components of these systems (Robinson 2009). In recent years, the ecosystem services provided by grasslands and …

Improving Smallholder Livelihoods: Dairy Production In Tanzania, Edward Ulicky, Jackson Magoma, Helen Usiri, Amanda Edward

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tanzania is primarily an agro-based economy, characterized by subsistence agricultural production that employs more than 80% of the population and contributing up to 45% of the GDP (2005). This country is endowed with a cattle population of 21.3 million, composed mainly of indigenous Zebu breed and about 680,000 improved dairy animals. About 70% of the milk produced comes from the traditional sector (indigenous cattle) kept in rural areas, while the remaining 30% comes from improved cattle mainly kept by smallholder producers. In Northern Tanzania and particularly in Hai district of Kilimanjaro region, some dairy farmers organize themselves into small producer …

Population Of Fungi Associated With Seed Germination After Storage And Seed Treatment, Alaba O. Jolaosho, Adijat Olabisi Atayese, Olufunmilayo Comfort Amed, Bolanle Temitope Akinyemi, Jimoh A. Olanite, Victoria O. A. Ojo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fungi growth occurs in seeds as a result of environmental conditions (high relative humidity, suitable temperature and high level of seed moisture content). But pathogen free healthy seeds are required for plant propagation. Microbial and insect attack affect seeds throughout the life cycle of the plant (Islam et al., 2009). Fungi are the most common microbes that affect seed germination and they can be both saprophytic and pathogenic. Hence, the aim of this experiment is to determine the cultural and morphological characteristics and population of fungi associated with the germination of some legume seeds after storage and scarification.

Productivity Of Grasses In Association With Hardwickia Binata Under Rainfed Conditions, S. N. Ram, Ajoy K. Roy, A. K. Shukla

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Adoption of silvipasture system on wastelands offers, without impairing the growth of trees, an extra yield of grass during monsoon season and top feed during summer seasons. The leaf fodder from the hardy trees and shrubs serve as an insurance against fodder scarcity during drought to the livestock. In view of this the present study was carried out to assess the productivity of different grasses in association with Hardwickia binata under moisture conservation practices under rainfed condition.

Quality Fodder From Fruit Trees For Sustainable Forage Production In Semi-Arid Tropics, Sudhir Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

India being at the crux of exploding livestock population in the world, needs to reorient agroforestry potential by inducing the fruit trees based hortipastoral systems to minimize the existing gap between fodder supply and demand from arable farming system. It is realized that in some part of the country probably more animals are depending on shrubs and trees than on grass and legume based pastures. At this juncture of main farm resource limitations, the community can exploit fruit trees to a considerable extent for fodder along with the supplementary benefit from fresh and/or processed fruits. Interestingly, the leaves which usually …

Effect Of Plant Spacing On Yield And Quality Of Leucaena Leucocephala Subsp., Wattanawan Srisomporn, Kharuthai Jantipbadee, Ganda Nakamanee, Sukanya Kampayae

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit commonly known as leucaena, is one of the most productive tree legumes available to tropical agriculture. Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata 34/92 was introduced to Thailand from Oxford Forestry Institute in the year 1996 with another 16 lines and evaluated in Thailand. It was chosen as a potential psyllid resistance and high forage edible yield (Phaikaew et al., 2005). Seed lot 34/92 is derived from K636 through selfing (Hughes, 1993). This report is a part of ‘research and development of Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata production as protein source in commercial feed project’ which contain a …

Forage Production In Peach Based Hortipastoral System In Indian Himalaya, Ram Pralash Yadav, Jaideep Kumar Bisht, T. Mondal, A. Pattanayak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The North West Himalayan region (NWHR) exhibits a great diversity in geology, physiography, climate, socio-ecology and land use pattern and supports vast livestock population. The annual average rainfall varies from 80 mm in Ladakh to over 2000 mm in some parts of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Livestock rearing is an integral part of hill agriculture. The huge animal population (190 lakh) and poor fodder availability (30 to 40 % of the requirement) has widen the gap between demand and supply of forage crops in the region. The area under permanent pasture and grasslands in NWHR is said to be of …

Comparative Nutrient Utilization And Growth Performance Of Jalauni Lambs And Bundelkhandi Kids Grazed On Hardwickia Binata Based Silvopasture System, M. M. Das, S. N. Ram, Akram Ahmed

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Goats and sheep play a significant role in the subsistence economy in India. Goats and sheep are multipurpose animals which provide hair, wool, meat, milk and skin. The production of meat from goats and sheep play a vital role in the supply of animal protein for the people of our country. Small ruminant production in village systems in tropical countries is often characterized by poor growth rates and high mortality (Devendra and Burns, 1970). The productivity of small ruminants can be improved by improving the nutrition either through concentrate feeding or provision of additional forage (Pathasarathy et al., 1984). …

Studies On Silvi-Pasture Systems For Intensive Fodder Production, R. Susheela, R. V. T. Balazzii Naaiik, M. Shanti, T. Shashikala, M. Anuradha, V. Chandrika

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Silvi-pastoral system with suitable species of trees and grasses help in increasing the land productivity and also maintain environmental potentialities. Moreover, deep root system of trees bind the soil, reduces erosion and extracts moisture from deeper strata of the soil. The effects of tree species on associated crops in agro forestry system are not consistent. The association of cereal and legume forages not only maintains similar level of herbage yield but also nearly doubles the crude protein production. Study of the right combination of tree species and associated crop in agro forestry for this region is the need of the …

Productivity Of Perennial Grasses Under Machillus Bombicinii Tree In Assam, Karuna Kanta Sharma, Pranjit Sutradhar, Seuji Bora Neog

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Homestead agroforestry system is the most common production system in Assam. It varies with the agroclimatic zones and economic condition of the farmers. In lower Brahmaputra valley zone, generation of employment under such system varies from 16.5 to 19.1% whereas in upper Brahmaputra valley zone, it ranges from 30.6 to 64.1%. For increasing forage productivity homestead garden can play a major role in augmenting fodder production for year round supply of green forage through non competitive land use system. There is scope for growing suitable perennial grasses like Guinea, setaria and Congo-signal for increasing fodder production. However research information on …

Comparison Of Enriched Silvipasture And Cenchrus Ciliaris Pasture With Natural Pasture In Ravenous Soils For Goat Production Under Rainfed Conditions, Prabhat Tripathi, Manoj Kumar Tripathi, U. B. Chaudhary, Ravindra Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Goat is a future animal and plays a crucial role in providing livelihood and supplementary income to resource poor farmers and landless labourers of rural India. Goat rearing also ensures self-employment and act as a cushion in present climate change phenomena like drought and famine. Goats are found more in ecologically fragile arid and semiarid areas. Hence, it is imperative to address goat production under present scenario of climate change and food scarcity. The diverse challenges and constraints as growing population, increasing food, feed and fodder needs, natural resources degradation, climate change demands a reorientation of our strategies for goat …

Distribution, Diversity And Utilization Of Haloxylon Salicornicum: A Rangeland Shrub Of Arid Regions, V. S. Rathore, J. P. Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock systems occupy ~ 30 % of the planet’s ice – free terrestrial area, contributes about 40 % to the agricultural GDP and directly supports the livelihoods of 600 million poor smallholder farmers in the developing world. Livestock play multiple roles (societal, economic and environmental) in the livelihoods of people in communities, especially the poor. Therefore the sustainable livestock production is an imperative to nutritional and livelihood security globally. Haloxylon salicornicum is an important rangeland shrub species of arid regions. The species possesses range of morphological, physiological and ecological adaptation to survive under water limiting, nutrient poor environmental conditions of …

Sustainable Production Of Guava Based Hortipasture System With Different In-Situ Soil And Moisture Conservation In Semi-Arid Region Of India, Sunil Kumar, A. K. Shukla, Harsh Vardhan Singh, A. Ahmed, A. K. Rai, R. Shrinivasan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In India, about 60 % of net sown area is rainfed, contributing 40 % of the total food production; it supports 40% of human and 60% of livestock population. Under such situation, incorporation of fruit trees along with animal husbandry in common farming system is advisable to improve income and nutritional security of the farmers. Horti- pasture system is the most ideal strategy to provide food, nutrition and income security to the people living in rainfed areas. System is socially accepted, ecologically feasible and economically viable for this region (Singh, 1996; Sharma, 2004; Kumar and Chaubey, 2008).

Guava (Psidium …

Forage From Trees And Grasses Of Silvipasture System In Degraded Land Of Semiarid India, R. V. Kumar, Harsh Vardhan Singh, Sunil Kumar, Ajoy K. Roy, P. K. Ghosh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rainfed agro-ecosystem has a distinct place in Indian Agriculture, occupying 67% of the cultivated area and supporting 65% of the livestock population (Venkateswarlu, 2005). The silvipasture systems involving suitable multi-purpose trees specially fodder trees and range grass species provide resilience by ensuring continued and multiple outputs such as, forage, fuelwood, fodder, fibre and industrial raw material, besides other positive environmental effects. Incorporation of fodder trees with grasses is perceived as a climate change-resilient cropping system for farmers linking climate change mitigation with adaptation (Mbow et al., 2014). The synergies of tree-grass association need to be explored and exploited by …

Grassland Management In Wildlife Protected Areas (Pa's) In India, R. K. Pandey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecological status of Indian grasslands had been a subject of conflicting opinion in the past. Existing grasslands are anthropogenic in origin except, Himalayan meadows in high altitudes. Extensive clearing of the forests for human settlements, agricultural cultivation and domestication of animals in the past have been resulted into opening of pockets/grasslands amidst the forest areas. Such tame grasslands are categorized as succession or rotational grasslands. There are four categories of PAs viz., National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation reserves and community reserves. Thus, 683 PAs (102 national parks, 551 wildlife sanctuaries, 47 conservation reserves and 04 community reserves) spread over …

The Effect Of Tree Densities On The Biomass Of Leucaena Leucocephala And Chloris Gayana Using A Nelder Fan Design, Anibal Nahuel Alejandro Pachas, H. Max Shelton, Christopher J. Lambrides, Scott A. Dalzell, G. John Murtagh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leucaena leucocephala-grass pastures are widely used for ruminant feeding in tropical and subtropical regions. In Australia, over 200,000 ha of leucaena grass pasture have been planted with more plantings expected as it is recognized as the most productive, profitable and sustainable feeding system (Shelton and Dalzell, 2007). Planting densities and planting configurations for the leucaena component vary, ranging from single or double leucaena hedgerows 3 to 12 m apart (Radrizzani et al., 2010). There is little information about how tree/grass planting configurations and resulting inter- and intraspecific competition affect above and below-ground interactions. We hypothesise that individual leucaena …

Grasslands In India: Problems And Perspectives For Sustaining Livestock And Rural Livelihood, Ajoy K. Roy, Jai P. Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In India, grazing-based livestock husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy as around 50% of these animals depend on grazing. Pasturelands over an area of 12 million ha constitute the main grazing resources that are available. Temperate/alpine pastures are spread across altitudes higher than 2000 m in eastern and Western Himalayas including the Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, West Bengal Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim states. In Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh,the grazing land availability is as high as 70 %. The area of pasture lands is lower in Himachal Pradesh (36.4%), Sikkim …

Forages Improve Livelihoods Of Smallholder Farmers With Beef Cattle In South Central Coastal Vietnam, Ba Xuan Nguyen, Peter A. Lane, David Parsons, Huu Van Nguyen, Phi Khanh Ho Le, Jeff P. Corfield, Tri Tuan Duong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In South Central Coastal Vietnam, on-farm research and farmer experience demonstrated the benefits of growing improved forages as a means of improving the year round quantity and quality of feed available for beef cattle. In Binh Dinh, Phu Yen and Ninh Thuan provinces, five new forage species (Panicum maximum, cv. TD58, Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato II, Pennisetum purpureum cv.VA06, Paspalum atratum cv. Terenos and Stylosanthes guianensis cv. CIAT 184) were evaluated for yield and crude protein concentration. There was not a consistent yield difference between locations for the forage grasses, but in Binh Dinh province P. maximum TD58 …

Albizia Procera Based Silvipastoral System: An Ideal Alternate Land Use System For Sustainable Forage Production In Semi-Arid Region, Inder Dev, S. K. Dhyani, K. B. Sridhar, Asha Ram, D. R. Palsaniya, R. K. Tewari, Ramesh Singh, Rupali Tiwwari, Madhulika Srivastava, Mahendra Singh, A. R. Uthappa, P. Rai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

India’s economy is agro-based and about 69% of the total population depends on it for their livelihood (GoI, 2013). Livestock is the integral component of Indian agriculture since time immemorial. Its contribution to national economy through milk, meat, wool as well as farmyard manure is enormous. India has the largest number of livestock, representing over 17% of the world. Among four important species of livestock, cattle represent over 43% of the population followed by buffaloes (19%), goats (26%) and sheep (10%). The share of livestock reared is highest in marginal followed by small and semi-medium land holders implying that marginal …

Carbon Modeling Of Agroforestry Systems At Farmers’ Field In Indo-Gangetic Plains Of India, Sangram Bhanudas Chavan, S. K. Dhyani, Ajit, Rajendra Prasad, A. K. Handa, Badre Alam, R. H. Rizvi, Narendra Saroj, Amit Kumar Jain, Ankur Jha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Indian Green revolution region “Indo-Gangetic Plain” (IGP) comprises of four agro-climatic zones namely lower, middle, upper, and trans gangetic plains covering West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Chandigarh, Haryana, Punjab, and some part of Rajasthan state. It covers 169 districts with total geographical area of 43.70 million ha. The Indo-Gangetic plains are one of the most populous regions with its area covering nearly 13% of the total geographical area of the country. It produces about 50% of the total food grains to feed 40% of the population. The continuous cropping of rice-wheat system has degraded the soil health …

In Situ Digestibility Of Gliricidia Sepium Combined With Brachiaria Decumbens In A Silvopastoral System, Suellen B. De Miranda Costa, Alexandre C. L. De Mello, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., Mércia V. F. Dos Santos, Mario De Andrade Lira, Janerson J. Coêlho, João T. C. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Silvopastoral system (SPS) are characterized by a combination of trees, pasture and herbivores animals, in the same physical area, in order to obtain diversified products. A promising legume tree that has been studied and used in SPS in tropical areas is gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud]. Advantages of gliricidia use in SPS include N inputs via biological fixation, improvement of soil properties, nutrient cycling and also a source of feed to grazing animals (Cubillos-Hinojosa et al., 2011). Gliricidia has high crude protein concentration in its leaves, which complements the usual N-poor diet of ruminants grazing warm-season grasses. The …

Enhancing Forage Production Through Silvipastoral System In Arid Regions, Mavji Patidar, Ram Narayan Kumawat, B. K. Mathur, Arun Kumar Misra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock based farming system makes significant contribution for livelihood security of farmers in arid zone of India. However, availability of fodder for livestock is not sufficient due to water scarcity and land degradation leading to low productivity of grazing land. The arid zones are less suitable for crop production due to inherent soil constraints like low water retentivity, sandy texture, shallow depth, occurrence of rocks and stones, however some grasses and tree species of forage value and economic importance can grow well and help in augmenting forage production. Silvipasture offers a sustainable land use system which increases overall productivity of …

Role Of Shrubs In Rangeland Based Livestock Production System In Western Rajasthan, India, J. P. Singh, V. S. Rathore, B. K. Mathur

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangeland covers ~ 51% of the terrestrial surface of the Earth, and supports half of the world‟s livestock. More than 80 % of forage consumed by domestic livestock is supplied by rangelands in Africa and Asia. Hot arid regions of India cover an area of 31.7 million hectares and out of which Rajasthan state constitutes ~ 61.8 % of the entire area. The crop production in this area is low, unstable and risky. Livestock sustains arid farming systems by virtue of their potential to reduce risk, alleviate poverty, important providers of nutrients and traction for growing crops in smallholder systems …

On-Offer And Residual Forage In A Massai-Leucaena Pasture At Different Leucaena Density, Enrique Cortés-Díaz, Juan Peñate Arcos, José L. Zaragoza-Ramírez, Pedro A. Martínez-Hernández

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mexican livestock producers in tropical areas are increasingly interested on the establishment of silvopastoral systems based on Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) and different tropical grasses as the Massai grass (Panicum maximum cv Massai); among questions raised on this is the importance of Leucaena density in relation to forage available. Then the objective of the study was to determine total and by species on-offer and residual forage in a grazed MassaiLeucaena pasture with different Leucaena density.

Evaluation Of Productivity Of Pearl Millet And Clusterbean And Growth Parameters Of Neem Strains Under Agro-Forestry System Under Semi-Arid And Rainfed Condition, S. S. Meena, R. P. Nagar, S. L. Meena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Neem (Azadirachta indica) tree is a native to Indian sub-continent and found throughout the India with maximum number of trees which are distributed over 70-75% geographical area of this country. It is distributed throughout south and southeast Asia, Australia, Africa and many other countries in central and south America including Carribean, Puer to Rica and Virgin Islands (Ram Mohan and Nair, 1993). The tree has been considered so invaluable and miraculous that it became a major inseparable component of the Indian ecosystem. Neem has been held in high esteem because of it provde medicinal and insecticidal properties. As …

Utilisation Of Conserved Forage To Improve Livestock Production On Smallholder Farms In Asia And Africa, Marsetyo, Muhammad Shoaib Tufail, Samuel Mbuku, Mupenzi Mutimura, Xusheng Guo, John Piltz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ruminant livestock are essential to the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many developing countries. Livestock production on these farms is characterised by low milk production, low live weight gain and poor reproductive performance because of poor nutrition. Access to high quality forage has been identified as key to improving livestock health and productivity. Conservation of surplus forage as hay or silage provides the opportunity to ensure livestock have access to high quality forage year-round. This paper reports on forage conservation in select countries in Asia and Africa.

Comparison Of Two Systems Of Pasture Allocation On Milking Intervals And Total Daily Milk Yield Of Dairy Cows In A Pasture-Based Automatic Milking System, Nicolas A. Lyons, Kendra L. Kerrisk, Sergio C. Garcia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In pasture-based automatic milking systems (AMS), cows usually have a lower milking frequency (MF, the number of milking events in any 24 h period) than those reported in indoor housing systems (García and Fulkerson 2005). Moreover, milking intervals (MI, the interval between consecutive milking events, measured at every milking session in hours since the previous milking event) are higher, with up to 30% of milking events occurring with intervals above 16 h in grazing systems (NA Lyons unpublished data). Milking events occurring with long intervals have a negative effect on milk yield (Schmidt 1960) and udder health (Hammer et al. …