Agricultural Science Commons^™

Genetic Diversity Of Genus Avena In North Western-Himalayas Assessed By Morphological Traits, V. K. Sood, Indu Rana, Aditi Sharma, Rajan Katoch, H. K. Chaudhary, Waseem Hussain

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a cool season, annual crop grown mainly in moist areas of temperate climates of the world serving as a food for mankind and forage for cattle. Oat is an important rabi fodder crop in India.In India, oat is also cultivated in Himalayan states like Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Oat in these regions have a wider adaptability, because of its excellent growing habitat, quick re-growth and better nutritional value (Misri, 2004). Oat breeding programme in Indian regions has not achieved much impetus due to a narrow genetic base of cultivated gene pool within the …

Wild Halophyte Plants As Potential Fodder Resource Under Extreme Saline Environment Of Kachchh, Gujarat, India, Shamsudheen Mangalassery, Devi Dayal, A. K. Mishra, Sachin Patel, Nisha Goswami

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rann of Kachchh in North West India is a unique saline marshy desert. It is described as "a desolate area of unrelieved, sun-baked saline clay desert, shimmering with the images of a perpetual mirage"(Mountfort et al., 1991) and is regarded as the largest salt desert in the world. In the Indian part it stretches in 7505.22 sq. km known as Great Rann and 4,953 sq. km known as Little Rann. The Ranns turns into marshy land by inundated water from runoff during monsoonal rainfall and water driven by forces of winds and tides from Arabian Sea making the area unapproachable …

Est-Ssrs Provide A Good Measure Of Genetic Diversity For Improvement Of Gum Content In Cluster Bean, Neha Wadhwa, Aditi, Udai Narayan Joshi, Neelam R. Yadav

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub., commonly known as guar is an important multipurpose arid leguminous crop of India, mainly cultivated in north-western parts of India. The pods of the guar plant grow in clusters giving guar the common name of clusterbean. It is mainly grown for feed, green fodder, vegetable and green manuring. Its seeds are also an important source of galactomannan (guar gum) which is used as a food ingredient and more recently as a neutraceutical. Guar gum is also having pharmaceutical importance and found to be effective in osteoarthritis, as artificial cervical mucus and for anticancer medicine in the …

Role Of Panicum Turgidum Dominated Rangelands In Conservation Of Caralluma Edulis In Thar Desert, India, Kulloli Ravikiran Ningappa, Suresh Kumar, J. P. Singha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands are colonized vast natural landscapes in the form of grasslands. These are mostly dominated by native grass species. Once a patch is colonized by a pioneer species, complex interactions may develop among plants of different species. The frequency of positive interactions has been shown to be high in harsh environments, particular in arid environments, where it has been identified as a driving mechanism of vegetation dynamics (Bruno et al., 2003). These processes commonly involve nurse plants (Niering et al., 1963) that facilitate the establishment of other plants species beneath their canopies (Franco and Nobel, 1988). Based on …

Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Mutant Lines Of Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Based On Rapd And Issr Analysis, Anoop Kumar Mehta, M. H. Basha, V. K. Gour, M. Neeta, S. K. Biliaya, Satish Kachare

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The genus Avena belongs to the grass family Poaceae and has ploidy levels of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid with basic chromosome number of 7 (n=7). Oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the most important forage and feed crops of the world. Oat is used as green fodder, straw, hay or silage. Oat grain makes a good balanced concentrate in the rations for poultry, cattle, sheep and other animals. Green fodder contains about 10 to 13% protein and 30 to 35% dry matter. Despite being high fed fodder crop, it is now gaining importance as food due to its …

Genetic Diversity And Relationship Among 19 Accessions Of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrids As Revealed By Ssr Markers, Qiuwen Zhan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sudangrass (S. sudanense) are two members of the agriculturally important genus Sorghum. Hybrids of these two species have exhibited favorable forage yields and overall improved quality and disease resistance (Zhan and Qian, 2004). Sorghum–sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense) are used as a forage crop and recommended as an alternative to corn in USA (Kilcer et al., 2003). In recent years, the planting areas of sorghum–sudangrass hybrids have increased in China. SSR has been widely employed in crop germplasm identification, genetic mapping and diversity analysis (Zhan et al …

Genetic Resources For The Improvement Of Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) For Biomass And Forage, Gautam Sarath, Nathan A. Palmer, Aaron J. Saathoff, Robert B. Mitchell, Serge Edme, Erin D. Scully, Scott E. Sattler

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important forage and biomass species for many parts of the USA. Switchgrass can be of several ploidies. Octoploid cultivars are most often used in forage and conservation settings, while the tetraploid cultivars are mostly targeted for bioenergy end-uses, due to their higher biomass yields. Switchgrass populations also occur as upland and lowland ecotypes, and constitute different heterotic groups. Switchgrass is mostly an obligate outcrosser resulting in substantial genotypic and phenotypic variation within populations. In the last ~15 years, significant resources have been dedicated to both breeding and understanding the genomic makeup of this …

Genetic Improvement And Conservation Of Range And Forage Species Of Arid Region Of Rajasthan State Of India: Achievements And Challenges, Surendra Singh Shekhawat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage crops and grasses are important in arid region of Rajasthan state of India because most of the area is rainfed. Main occupation of the farmers in the area is animal husbandry. Important green fodder crops of this region are, viz. pearl millet, cowpea, cluster bean and sorghum in Kharif season and oats, lucerne and barley (dual purpose) during Rabi season. Three perennial fodder grasses, viz. Lasiurus sindicus, Cenchrus ciliaris and Cenchrus setigerus are important in the region. Guinea grass and bajra x napier hybrid can also be cultivated where sufficient water is available throughout the year from canal …

Morphological Variability Potential Of Cenchrus Ciliaris L. Ecotypes On Their Phytochemical Substances And Antibacterial Activities, Dorai Pandian Kannan, S. Bagam Priyal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecotypes are population of same species with different races, which is adapted to local environment Different ecotypes of a particular species may differ in their edaphic, biotic or microclimatic requirements (Linhart and Grant, 1996; Eppela et al., 2013) and such adaptation either become irreversible or genetically fixed variations. Cenchrus ciliaris L. (Tam: kollukottaipul, Eng. buffel grass, Sans: anjan grass) is a grass belonging to the family Poaceae and ephemeral in nature. In this species, habitat plays a significant role in the formation of ecotypes and several ecotypes are found in Cenchrus ciliaris L. including with varying …

In Situ Plant Uptake Of Excess Nutrients And Consequential Alteration Of Rhizosphere Dynamics, Srusti Maddala

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

The use of phytoremediation in ecological remediation projects has numerous benefits including soil stabilization and nutrient uptake. Recently, microdialysis, a diffusion-based sampling technique commonly used in biomedical research, has been recognized as a candidate for monitoring chemical changes in the rhizosphere. The real-time, in situ data it provides about nutrient diffusion may improve the management and success of restoration projects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to employ the technique of microdialysis in the novel application of quantifying the diffusive flux of inorganic nitrogen compounds in the rhizosphere of native plants of Arkansas. The microdialysis technique was first optimized …

Impact Of Agricultural Land Use On Stream Nitrate, Phosphorus, And Sediment Concentrations At The Watershed And Field Scale, Brittany A. Kirsch

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Water quality is directly impacted by the landscape through which it travels. As such, land use, including summer annual and winter annual/perennial agriculture, has dramatic influence on the water quality of downstream aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. I examined the impact of agricultural land use on water quality through two projects, one at a watershed scale and one at a field scale. In my first project, I investigated the impact of agricultural land use and climate on water quality in 13 HUC10 watersheds across Nebraska using public data from US Geological Survey (USGS), US Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Synthetic Urban Melt Glass, Rebecca Kristien Lowe

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Melt glass formed from the explosion of a nuclear device is a unique post-detonation material that can aid in the ensuing forensics investigation. Trapped in the melt glass are chemical and isotopic signatures that can provide diagnostic and source information about the weapon by comparison with documentation of previous detonations. A nuclear terrorist attack would likely take place in an urban environment and as such, the melt glass formed would consist of a complex matrix including urban materials like cement and glass, activation products from the large neutron flux that will be seen, and fission products from the detonation. The …

The Australian Pastures Genebank, Steve Hughes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Australian grazing enterprises, including all food and fibre productions, as well as crop rotation, are worth $42 billion per annum to the Australian economy, employing around 693,000 Australian workers. Australia has been a major beneficiary from the introduction and utilization of genetic resources in pasture and forages. Assured access to plant genetic diversity underpins Australia’s ability to maintain agricultural productivity in the face of environmental and economic challenges.

Australia is custodian of potentially the world’s largest and globally significant collection of pasture and forage genetic resources. Much of this is unique and held in state-based collections and represents an invaluable …

The Landscape As A Unit For Rangeland Inventory In Arid And Semi-Arid Regions Of Iran (Case Studies: Touran Biosphere Reserve And Behkadaye Rajinia Development Project), Mansour Mesdaghi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Severe land fragmentation, degradation, and pollution problems will force us to think about a rural community and research group in Iran to combine our experiences and skills to deal with the challenges of improving land use sustainability (Bosch at el.1995; Mesdaghi, 1993). Planning rangeland inventory requiring recognition of the ecological processes operating at different scales and their particular characteristics (Friedel and Laycock, 1995).

In ancient countries like Persia (Iran), past land use suggests that rangelands exploitation by local herders was co-adapted with natural environments (Nyerges, 1980; Mesdaghi, 1993). Iranian rangelands, however, were nationalized through the land reforming and the …

Livestock Grazing In India: Policy Issues, M. M. Roy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The grazing/range lands have been very important in India since ancient times when cattle breeding and milk production was regarded as the second most important profession, next only to agriculture. However, during last five decades increasing domestic animal population has placed enormous grazing pressure on such lands, leading to grassland deterioration and desertification especially in arid and semiarid regions (GOI, 2007; Kala, 2009).

Still, grazing based livestock play an important role in rural economy of the as well over 50 per cent of them depend on grazing (of varying degrees) in forests, community lands and other lands in many parts …

Cplr And Water Resource Utilization By Livestock Farmers In Different Ecosystems Of India, Purushottam Sharma, Sadhna Pandey, R. K. Sharma, J. P. Upadhyay, Satyapriya, A. K. Ray, Nagaratna Biradar, S. Radotra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The common property resources comprises of all such resources that are meant for common use of the villagers including all resources. The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), 1999 in its report defines CPRs as “Resources accessible to and collectively owned\held\managed by an identifiable community and on which no individual has exclusive property rights are called common property resources”. Over the time, there has been gradual decline in CPRs availability to the villagers. The CPRs play an important role in the livelihood of resource poor farmers. According to NSSO, 1999, the percentage of Common Property Land Resources in total geographical area, …

Livestock And Local Development: Going To A New Human-Animal Relationship, Jean François Tourrand, Laurent Dobremez, Benoit Dedieu, Guillaume Duteurtre, Marie Gabrielle Piketty, Philippe Lescoat, Bernard Hubert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Along the last ten years, the French National Agency for Research (ANR) has financed several projects regarding livestock at local and global scale. Five of these projects decided to gather their results in order to better understand the long-term livestock dynamics and the scenarios for the future. Research actions have been developed in fifteen sites in diverse biomes located in seven countries of Europe, Africa, America and Asia. Review of literature and preliminary data collected in the sites showed the high complexity of the livestock dynamics. For example, in some cases, intensification of the livestock farming systems regards land. In …

Community Pasture Development As An Approach To Common Property Resources Management In Rajasthan, India, Jayprakash Sharma

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Semiarid areas of the state of Rajasthan have community lands in almost every village. Most of them are grouped under wastelands and are usually covered with coarse grasses such as Dichanthium, Cenchrus and Lasiurus. Grass growth on these lands faces constraints such as extreme temperatures, steep slope, variable precipitation and scarcity of water in general. Land degradation has created tremendous pressure on increasing livestock, especially the goat population. As pasture management and enhancement of productivity of improved grasses were key factors to sustain livestock through common property resource management, BAIF Development Research Foundation, a rural development organization, implemented projects …

Conservation Prioritization Of Semi-Arid Savannas In India: A Multi-Scale Landscape Approach, Abi Tamim Vanak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The semi-arid savanna grasslands of peninsular India are unique habitats that support a vast proportion of Indiaís agropastoralist community. They are also home to critically endangered species such as the Great Indian bustard and other endangered and endemic species such as the Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) and blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra). Unfortunately, savanna grasslands have not received the attention of conservationists or policy makers, resulting in a lack of protection for both the endangered and endemic wildlife as well as the habitat. Given the high human-dependence on these biomes, traditional conservation measures such as large protected areas are not …

Enhancing The Productivity Of Grassland And Wasteland Through Management In Hills, Jaideep Kumar Bisht

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Total area available for grazing in the country is about 40% of the land area. Pasture lands constitute the main grazing resources of the country, available over an area of 12 million ha (3.94% of the geographical area). An idea of the meager fodder availability can be had from the fact that about 50% of the cattle population, depending largely upon free rangeland grazing in forests, pastures, village commons and the like, end up getting only about 1.5 kg of dry fodder/ day/ ACU (Adult Cattle Unit) as against the healthy fodder requirement norm of 3% body weight. The grasslands …

Remediation Strategies To Reduce Heavy Metal Uptake In Lettuce Grown In Contaminated Urban Soil, Ryley Thomas

UCARE: Research Products

Urban soils are increasingly used to produce food for local consumption, which requires at the same time management strategies that prevent the plant uptake of potentially present contaminants. This study was conducted to test different soil amendments for their ability to retain lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) within the soil matrix. The analyzed soil was taken from a potential community garden lot near a railroad in Lincoln, NE where elevated concentrations in Pb and As had been detected. Ponderosa pine biochar and spent coffee grounds were used as soil additives because of their documented chemical reactivity towards soil cations or …

Participatory Pasture Development In Hot Arid Region Of India, Arun Kumar Misra, R. P. Singh, Ram Narayan Kumawat, Mavji Patidar, M. M. Roy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock production is one of the main occupations of resource-poor and resource-rich people living in India’s arid regions, and common grazing lands have always played a major role in livestock based livelihood systems, as around 50% of animals depend on grazing (Misra et al, 2015). According to the National Sample Survey Organization, common property land resources constitute about 15% of the total geographical area of India, of which 23% is community pasture and grazing lands and 16% have been classified as village forests and woodlots (NSSO, 1999). At another level, India has the largest livestock population in the world, …

Feasibility Of Buffalo Rearing On Pasture In Tropical Climate Of Andaman And Nicobar Islands, M. S. Kundu, A. Kundu, S. Dam Roy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands form the Southern most tip of the Indian subcontinent, located (6-14° N latitude and 92-94°E longitude) in the South Eastern part of the Bay of Bengal .There are 572 Islands of which only 37 are currently inhabited. The Islands are beautiful and unique. The indigenous plants, animals, livestock, and marine life contribute to uniqueness of these Islands. The total livestock population has increased to many fold from meager 38.6 thousand in 1961 to 154.75 thousand in 2012. The buffalo constitute 5.08 per cent of the livestock of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The buffaloes …

Landscape-Scale Patterns Of Fire And Drought On The High Plains, Usa, Paulette L. Ford, Charles Jackson, Matthew Reeves, Benjamin Bird, David Turner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

We examine 31 years (1982-2012) of temperature, precipitation and natural wildfire occurrence data for Federal and Tribal lands to determine landscape-scale patterns of drought and fire on the southern and central High Plains of the western United States. The High Plains states of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming have been in the midst of ongoing extreme drought, experiencing below normal precipitation and above normal temperatures for the past several years. Climate change is predicted to have multiple effects on fire regimes. Longer periods of drought conditions, coupled with hot, dry and windy weather, provide …

Traditional Conservation Of Buffalo Breed By Pastoralists Through Maintaining Of Grassland Ecosystem, Banni-Kachchh, Gujarat-India, P. N. Joshi, Ramesh Bhatti, Sabyasachi Das

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Banni region, situated at 23019’N to 23052’N to 68056’E to70032’E, comprises around 25,00 sq.km area under Bhuj taluka of Kutch district of Gujarat state, is home of Muslim nomadic pastoralists and Meghwal Hindus. Banni is situated in Arid climate, with high temperature in most of time which reached maximum up to 480C -500C during May June. Pastoral community, call themselves Maldhari, in Banni region depends on Banni Grassland for the raring of their livestock mainly Banni Buffalo which registered as 11th buffalo breed of India in 2011. Maldharis even rearing unique Kankarej Cattle for Milk Production and selling bullocks …

Amritmahal: Need For Conserving The Living Pastoral Heritage Of Karnataka, Jahnavi G. Pai, Manohar Patel, Vinay K. Sreeniva

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Karnataka is home to the biodiversity-rich Western Ghats with its range of habitats spanning from scrub forest in the lower elevations to the wet evergreen forests in the higher elevations. In stark visual contrast, the Deccan Plateau is blanketed by arid plains dominated by scrub jungles and dry grasslands. These plains are a melting pot of rich biodiversity, culture and associated traditional knowledge. They have also been important centres for breeding livestock and have supported local livelihoods. In spite of this cultural and ecological importance, these arid plains, especially grasslands with sparse woody vegetation, are increasingly being termed as wastelands. …

The Significance Of Nomadic Pastoralism For Sustaining Soil Fertility In Northern Karnataka, India, Athani B., Gopikrishna, N. Kuruba

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pastoralist groups in India, including the Raika of Rajasthan, Pullikulum cattle breeders in Tamil Nadu, and groups such as the Dhangar, Kuruba and Kuruma of the Deccan Plateau realize a major proportion of their income from penning their herds and flocks on farmers’ fields. Focusing on shepherds from Northern Karnataka, this paper makes a first attempt at calculating the impact of penning on livelihoods, soil fertility and the national economy.

Golla--The Semi Nomadic Pastoralists And Small Animal Bioconservationists Of Odisha, India Produce Animal Proteins From Minimum To Maximum For Many, Balaram Sahu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Golla, the nomadic pastoralists of Odisha, is one of the ancient nomadic pastoralists of southeastern part of India. In the state of Odisha, Golla are found in districts of Ganjam, Gajapati and to some extent in Nayagrah district. In Ganjam and Gajapati, the Golla are mostly present in different villages, locally called as “Golla Gaon” means Golla village.

The Golla rears goats and sheep by practicing migration through natural grass and pasturelands. The people of Golla community are generally illiterate, hard working, enduring, brave and efficient traditional healers of small ruminants. The practice of migration, not only …

Mitigating Policy Measures To Increase Fodder Availabilty In Natural Calamities Situations, Om Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Though the availability of feed and fodder has improved in the last decade, still there exists a substantial gap between demand and availability of fodder in the country, particularly during the lean periods and at the time of natural calamities including droughts and or flood situations. Availability of adequate quantity of feed and fodder for livestock is essential for improving livestock productivity. Under the Rasthriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), the States have sufficient funds and autonomy to undertake development of feed and fodder besides other agricultural and allied activities. There is a need to disseminate the benefits of using high …

Policy Perspective For Grassland Based Integrated Farming System: Innovation & Challenges In Indian Context, Kamal Kumar Datta, Soumitra Chowdhury, Madhu Mohini

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Indian agriculture is increasingly getting influenced more and more by economic factors. This needs not be surprising because irrigation expansion, infrastructure development, penetration of rural markets, development and spread of short duration and drought resistant crop technologies have all contributed to minimizing the role of non-economic factors in crop choice for even small farmers. Both at micro and macro level, the picture of livestock sector is very much disintegrated where growth is mainly from fishery and meat production and not from milk production. The common perception that animal rearing is not as remunerative as poultry or fishery seems to be …