Agricultural Science Commons^™

Increase In Productivity Of Natural Grasslands On Slopes, V V. Kolomeichenko

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Natural grasslands occupy 3 billion hectares of the world, i.e. more than twice the world's arable croplands. In many countries most of the grasslands are situated on the slopes of gullies, cone-shaped hills, foothills and mountains. The grass stands on these lands are thinning through free grazing, and pasture degradation brings about the development of erosional processes (McCloud, 1974). For example, in the central part of the Middle Russian forest-steppe zone, the arable lands occupy 59%, grasslands 12% and woodlands 18%. The relief is very indented, the absolute altitudes are 200-300 m above sea level. Leached chernozem top soil horizon …

Effects Of Seeding Rates And Seedbed Preparations On The Seedling Establishment And Yield Of Surface-Sown Pasture Species, Dong Am Kim, Sung Cheol Lee, Jong Kyeong Lee

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

During 1985-1986, approximately 74 % of grassland was improved by surface sowing using herbicides, burning, hoof cultivation and raking in Korea. At the same time the Korean government strongly recommended to use an excessively high seeding rate of pasture mixtures simply because deficiencies in establishment can be countered by increasing the seeding rate. Of the minimum seedbed preparation methods, herbicide treat­ment and hoof cultivations are well known as a promising method for surface sowing (Campbell et al., 1981 ; Kim et al., 1985), however, burning is still a matter of some controversy and also little is known concerning raking as …

Study On Scarification And Fertilization Of Degraded Chinese Wildrye Meadow Pasture, Chen Zisheng, Zhao Mingping

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chinese wildrye meadow pasture in west part of North-east China is one of the best grasslands in North China. Unfortu­nately, a serious degradation of the pasture has been caused by the unfavorable natural conditions such as drought, flooding, salt and alkali, and excessive utilization as well. Improving methods and machines have been studied and the result shows a practical prospect in West part of Jilin Province, China.

The Research Of The Rehabilitation Of Deteriotated Leymus Chinense Grasslands, Hu Ming-Ge, Lu Ping-Zhang, Wang Yu-Lin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are vast zones of Leymus chinense grassland which are the type of grassland with high yield and good quality in Inner Mongolia and North-East of China. Since 1960's because of the overuse of the land and other natural factors this excellent grassland suffered from deterioration differently. The further development of animal husbandry was directly influenced. In order to prevent grassland deterioration, a series of techniques in renewing the grassland have been found out with notable economical results.

Adaptation And Production Of Some Forage Species On The White Clay Soils Of North Eastern China, Hu Jia Lu, J E. Winch

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grain corn, soybeans and wheat have been produced on the white clay soils of eastern Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China for about 40 years. Yearly plowing, cultiva­ting and cropping led to a degradation in the physical and chemical properties of the heavy clay soil - a soil which constitutes 30 % of all the cultivated land in the region. This soil is characterized by a shallow loamy Ap horizon overlying a clay hard pan (Aw) (Zhang Zhi ui and Zhang Yuan fu, 1985). Forage crops have not been part of the rotation. To improve the soil physical …

Facteurs Ecologiques Limitants De La Prairie Pyreneenne Aragonaise, Cristina Chocarro, R Fanlo, F Fillat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dans tous !es systemes naturels la production est regulee par la capacite intrinseque des etres vivants et par !'ensemble des facteurs environnementaux qui !es conditionnent. Pour !es systemes prairiaux etudies ici, la capacite de crois­sance des especes depend de leur origine, qu'ils soient plus ou moins intensifies (taxons introduits et semes) ou bien qu'il s'agisse du fond floristique autochtone. Les facteurs environnementaux qui conditionnent la produc­tion sont : la pluviometrie annuelle, !'altitude, la temperature minimale printaniere, la situation geographique dans !es Pyre­nees et la gestion. Dans ce travail nous evaluons !'influence de quelques-uns de ces facteurs au moment de la …

Importance Of Productive Grasslands In Protected Landscape Regions, Holecy Bohus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands, especially pastures, are often situated on extreme mountain sites in our country. Due to their botanical structure and natural production potential, they influence the ecological character of the region and give the impression of protected landscape. The aim is to preserve this specific character of the lanscape and on the other hand to look for the moderate grassland improvement and better utilization by nutrition and regular grazing. The untreated and non-utilized grasslands can lead to unfavourable changes of swards in the high localities. Therefore we tried to solve the moderate improvement of natural subalpine grasslands in the High Tatra …

The Dry Matter Yield Of Grass Cultivars In The Uplands Of Serbia, Z Tomic, M Stosic, D Colic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The arable lands in hilly and mountainous regions of Serbia are used mostly for production of cereals and potatoes. Since the soil are loose and situated on slopes they are seriously damaged by erosion. An earlier investigation (Radojevic and Stosic, 1980) of different grass-legume mixtures helped these mixtures to be accepted in practice and thus provided a double benefit : protecting the soil from erosion and providing larger quantities of livestock food. However, there are few results which refer to the possibilities of organizing continuous pro­duction during the vegetation period by introducing different species and their cultivars. The aim of …

Pasture Production And Quality In A Cool Oceanic Climate, H Bjornsson, J Hermannsson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Iceland cool oceanic climate prevails, as the geographic location extends from the polar circle to three degrees latitude to the south and the island is warmed by a branch of the Gulf stream. Animal production is the main agricultural activity and it relies on good conditions for grass growth. In the following we sumarize some recent experimental results on the pro­duction of herbage in Iceland.

Methods Of Establishment Of Improved Pastures In Steep, Non-Arable Alpine Lands Of Yunnan Province, China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Liu Huai, Chen Xiong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The alpine areas in Yunnan (alt. > 3 000 m) amount to about 10 % of the total land area in the province. (He et al., 1982) The main crops in this area are potatoes, oats and barley. The potential for livestock production is far greater than that for crop production, but steep slopes are cropped and erosion is an increasing problem. The pressure on the land from greater stock numbers grazing common land is leading to over grazing caused dominance by less palatable species, limited seeding and recruitment and severe seasonal shortages of quality feed. The native vegetation (once coniferous …

The Influence Of Environment And Fertilizers On The Yield And Floristic Composition Of Grasslands In Serbia, M Stosic, S. Mrfat-Vukelic, M Kojic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Natural grasslands in Yugoslavia cover about 6.400.000 ha or 44,5 % of agricultural lands ; in Serbia 1.650.000 ha and 28,5 % respectively. Livestock feeding in lowlands is based on food which gained from p!oughlands (maize, lucerne, red clo­ver, etc.) while in mountainous regions it is gained from grasslands. The aim of this investigation is to find out the possibilities of production and floristic changes of natural grasslands in depen­dence of mineral fertilizers in ecological conditions of Serbia (in the east of Yugoslavia).

Interseeding On Steppe And Abandoned Land In Inner Mongolia, Ma Zhi Guang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Along with the population of livestock increased in recent years, the vegetation of steppe has been deteriorated under heavy grazing. Some species, which are very palatable for cattle or sheep, are rare or disappeared from the steppe vegetation. In order to recover the grassland vegetation and increase the primary production above ground, interseeding was used to improve the degraded steppe and abandoned land in semiarid regions of Inner Mongolia steppe.

A Multifactorial Evaluation Method Of The Forage Value In The Natural Rangelands West Jilin Of China, Wang Deli, Zhu Tingcheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Evaluation of the forage germplasm resources needs not only to investigate species, distribution and development potential­ities of forages but also to evaluate the forage value syntheti­cally. Single or few factors affecting the forage value cannot reflect this value to a full extent. It is therefore essential to con­sider it in its entirety and to balance every important factor. The forage value depends on the feeding value (which depends mainly on forage nutrients, palatability, organic matter [DOM] digestibility) and on the productive value (which mainly depends on abundance and presence). This method consists to evaluate forages from quality characteristics of the …

Phytosociologie Et Estimation Des Resources Fourragres D'Un Territoire, Francoise Vertes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L'estimation des ressources fourrageres d'un territoire passe par la connaissance de la quantite d'herbe produite, de sa dis­ponibilite au cours du temps et clans l'espace, de sa qualite et enfin de la marge d'amelioration possible, en fonction des objectifs de production animale. L'ensemble de ces caracteristi­ques est raisonne par rapport a un potentiel, en termes d'opti­mum plutot que de maximum. La plupart des mesures agrono­miques necessitant un travail important, ii est essentiel de pouvoir extrapoler !es resultats sur une base biologique fiable : en prairie permanente, la composition floristique. Les facteurs pedoclimatiques et !es modes d'exploitation selectionnent les especes vegetales …

Utilization Des Bio-Indicateurs Vegetaux Pour L'Evaluation Des Prairies, R Delphech

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Le concept de bio-indicateur vegetal n'est pas nouveau : des plantes « indicatrices de fertilite » sont connues empiriquement depuis longtemps. C'est probablement Clements (1928) qui en a le premier presente une vision scientifique. Longtemps confine a la notion d'espece indicatrice, les progres des connais­sances systematiques, ecologiques et phytosociologiques ont pennis d'etendre le concept non seulement a la plupart des especes, mais surtout a des groupes d'especes (groupes socio­ecologiques) ou meme a des ensembles de groupes socio-ecolo­giques structurant des groupements vegetaux definis. Au niveau specifique, la valeur informative d'un bio-indica­teur est d'autant plus precise que l'amplitude de tolerance eco­logique de …

Use Of Land Resource Assesment To Estimate Potential Fodder Outputs And Animal Support Capacities In Some Countries In West Africa, M A. Mohamed Saleem, H.T Van Velthuizen, R R. Von Kaufmann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To become agriculturally self sufficient in the shortest poss­ible time many agricultural projects in African countries sought increased production as the only priority and disregarded sustainability. As limits to land productivity are set by soil, cli­mate and applied inputs there are critical levels of animal and human populations which can be supported. Lack of understanding of the potential land productivity and human and animal support capacity has resulted in inappropri­ate land use and development targets. In order to be able to predict the agricultural future of Africa to the year 2.000 F AO (1976) began the Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) project …

Une Methode D'Etude Et De Classification Des Paturages De Savane, G Rippstein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pour suivre !'evolution et la degradation des paturages natu­rels (savanes arbustives) du Plateau de l'Adamaoua, au centre du Cameroun, sous l'effet des feux, des chargements, de leur envahissement par les ligneux et des systemes d'exploitation, nous avons ete amenes a deveiopper une methode d'etude et de classification de ces paturages qui couvrent pres de 10 millions d'hectares. La methode recherchee devait etre precise et utilisee even­tuellement par des non-specialistes en agro-pastoralisme et applicable sur toute la region. Elle nous a amene a definir une « valeur pastorale » des for­mations herbacees.

Using A Falling Disk Meter For Practical Estimates Of Herbage Mass, J T. Green Jr, J P. Mueller, J N. Rahmes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Extension advisors and farmers in the USA have not usually attempted to quantify herbage mass when making grazing management decisions. Pasture height has been the primary way to decide when to start and when to stop grazing a pad­dock. Pasture height provides farmers with a simple basis for grazing management with a basis for grazing which considers regrowth rate and quality. However, it is not satisfactory when attempting to « budget » the feed supply or calculate intake. The most accurate method of estimating herbage mass is to cut, weigh and dry samples. Quadrat sampling of the pasture is a …

Les Releves Par Points Quadrats Alignes Et L'Analyse Multivariable Pour Le Suivi De La Valeur Pastorale Des Parcours Saheliens, G Boudet, A Gaston, Paulette Merigout, Fracoise Roy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Le fonds prairial d'un parcours sahelien est constitue en majorite d'especes annuelles et la contribution de chacune d'elles varie avec l'ecologie du site mais aussi avec Jes variations de la pluviosite et le degre d'exploitation. Sa composition flo­ristique peut etre estimee en fin de vegetation mais !'interpre­tation des resultats est delicate et la valeur des variations est difficile a estimer.

Etude De La Composition D'Une Association Trefle-Graminee Par Spectrometrie Proche Infrarouge, M Lila, V Furstoss, D Bertranf

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L'etude des prairies constituees de melange d'especes impose generalement de connaitre au cours du temps l'evolution de la composition de ce melange. Lorsqu'il s'agit de melange binaire graminee-legumineuse, la composition du melange varie enormement en fonction de la saison, du mode d'exploitation et de la fumure. La connaissance de cette evolution se fait par tri de prelevements nombreux. Ce travail est long, fastidieux et couteux. Nous avons tente de voir si, comme l'ont decrit Coleman et al. (1985) et Petersen et al. (1987), ii etait possible d'utiliser la spectrometrie proche infrarouge pour predire. la composition de ces melanges et quelle …

Utilisation D'Un Herbometre A Plateau Pour Estimer L'Herbe Disponible Sur Une Prairie De Fetuque Elevee Paturee En Continu Par Des Ovins, Sophie Prache, Camille Duby, A Froment

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La principale source d'erreur dans !'estimation de la masse d'herbe presente sur une parcelle provient de la variabilite intraparcelle. L'utilisation de l'herbometre a plateau permet de resoudre en partie ce probleme (Michell, 1982; Mac Intyre, 1978). De nombreux auteurs montrent son interet pour !'esti­mation de l'herbe offerte avant paturage, sur ray-grass, dactyle, ray-grass + trefle blanc et prairie naturelle. Par contre, certains resultats obtenus en paturage tournant semblent montrer que son interet est plus aleatoire des que le paturage a commence. II existe peu de references en paturage continu. Nous avons voulu tester cette methode sur une autre espece (fetuque …

Perennite Des Associations Ray-Grass Anglais- Trefle Blanc En Bretagne, Francoise Vertes, J F. Annezo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En Bretagne, l'association ray-grass anglais - trefie blanc est une culture fourragere adaptee a un contexte de quotas laitiers et de diminution des couts de production: economies d'engrais azotes, maintien dans le temps d'une bonne qualite fourragere et souplesse d'exploitation (ITEB-EDE, 1986). Mais Ia produc­tion et la perennite (maintien dans le temps des capacites de production et de Ia composition botanique) des prairies mixtes varient plus que celles d'une graminee pure azotee, ce qui limite leur utilisation en elevage Iaitier. Pour mieux cerner Jes conditions de reussite des associations nous avons entrepris des etudes complementaires a differentes echelles :

* …

The Study Of Different Vegetations In Both East And West Sides Of Big Xingan Mountains Middle Section, Shao Cheng Wei, Chun-He Zhang, Guo-Jun Fend

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Big Xingan Mountains (BXM), which run from northeast to south-west with an elevation of 1,000-1,900 metres, on a total length of 1,300 kilometres, are situated in the northeast of China. The mountains can be divided into three parts according to their vegetation. The north part is forests, and the middle and south parts are forest steppe. About these areas, only a little research was done (Shao-cheng et al., 1985). Therefore, the basic theory study of grassland ecology and range science has been carried out in this paper in order to supply the basis for animal husbandry production.

Forest Glade Grassland Resources And Their Evaluation On The Daonganling Forest Region, An Baolin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Daxinganling is a greatest original coniferous forest region of cool temperate zone in north-east of China. We discovered cross distributive forest glade grassland, they can be used as forage for developing animal husbandry.

Phyton-Ecologie Et Potentialites Pastorales Un Exemple Concret De Moyenne Montagne Des Regions Temperees: Le Mont Lozere-France, M Godron, Li T. X, J Poissonet, R Sosa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La vegetation du mont Lozere connait depuis le debut du :xxe siecle une regression importante de la S.A.U., notamment des surfaces frequentees par les bovins et ovins. En conse­quence, !'evolution de la vegetation se traduit par l'envahisse­ment des pelouses par les ligneux et par une diminution de la valeur pastorale. Certains milieux sont etroitement dependants de l'action de l'homme (fauche, paturage, incendie, fumure, etc.), mais ii existe cependant des formations vegetales qui en sont affran­chies depuis quelques dizaines d'annees et qui suivent mainte­nant une evolution « naturelle » ; ce sont les pelouses et landes de l'etage subalpin a Nardus …

Temperate Native Grassland Evaluation Through An Inventory Of Soils Botanical Composition And History Of Use (Argentina), Monica G. Agnusdei, M B. Collantes, J Anchorena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Flooding Pampa is a temperate 5 million ha. (Leon et al., 1984) region in the central-east of Argentina. Soils with high Na and/or salinity levels and low hydraulic conductivity in the B horizon along with periodic droughts and floodings define the principal characteristics and ecological constraints of the region. Little information is available that relates soils and veg­etation. Understanding this relationship along with anthropic disturbances impact upon it and its components is essential to grassland management and future research. The purposes of this work were: to evaluate soils variability; to identify sites at paddock scale as related to edaphic …

New Vegetation Map And Grassland Resource Of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, Cui Haiting, Young Shipeng, Li Bo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Inner Mon��olia autonomous region covers a total area of 1.15 million km . It has 80 million hectares of natural grass­ land which makes up 68 .41 % of the whole autonomous region. It is an important base of animal husbandry in our country. This new map (on the scale of 1:1,500,000) is based on data provided by visual interpretation of LANDSAT MSS, TM, RBV imageries and collection in field surveys. This map is one of the series maps which reflect different natural conditions of Inner Mongolia. The other maps are also made mainly through LANDSAT imagery visual interpretation. …

Grassland Evalaution And Management System In The Carpathian Regions Of Czechoslovakia, V Krajcovic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are many accesses towards the evaluation and classifi­cation of grasslands. Ecological and physiognomic botanical principles were used in the inventory and classification of grasslands in Czechoslovakia (1967 - 1974). Inventory material from Carpathian regions (Motycka, 1975) is not now topical in consequence of the new integration of agricultural coopera­tives. In spite of it we tried to use the inventory as well as the results of some long-term trials for practical classification and system of grassland management.

The Economic Groups Of Grassland Plants In Xinjiang, Xu Peng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The research in classifying the economic group of grassland plants according to their economic value is quite significant to the grassland management. Yield, feed quality and geographic distribution - the three factors reflecting the economic value of grassland plants - are controlled by ecobiological and form anatomical characteri­stics. We consider that to classify the economic groups of grass­land plants based on plant life-form by combining with taxo­nomic family group is the most appropriate conclusion of influential factors, and adopt a two degree classifying system -

group and subgroup. Group : On the basis of Keller's lifeforms - tree, bush, semibush, …

Etude Agrostologique Des Parcours Naturels Du Sud-Borgou (Rep. Pop. Benin), M Kreis, J Lejoly, B Sinsin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L\:tude s'est deroulee de septembre a novembre 1987 dans Jes districts de Kalale et Nikki, representant une surface d'envi­ron ., 000 km2. Cc travail a pour objectif une etude comparative des par­cours de la region afin de recueillir Jes informations necessaires a unc amelioration qualitative et une meilleure gestion des p,1turages naturels. L \:chantillonnage des milieux d'etude s'est fait a !'aide des photographies aeriennes de la zone, selon deux criteres: - le type physionomique de la vegetation oil on distingue Jes jeuncs jacheres de 1 a 2 ans, Jes vieilles jacheres de 5 a 6 ans et Jes sa vanes …