Agricultural Science Commons^™

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2003, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts also be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies contained within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university's research efforts. Additionally, soil test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2003, Fred M. Bourland, S. B. Jackson, J. M. Hornbeck, F. E. Groves

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary aim of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed dealers establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant. In this way, the annual test facilitates the inclusion of new, improved genetic material in Arkansas cotton production.

Establishing Effects Of Application Of Swine Manure On Crop Leaf Damage To Growing Crops, Charles Shapiro, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Swine manure from a below barn storage facility was applied to growing corn and soybeans to determine phytotoxic effects. The manure had an electrical conductivity of around 20 mmhos/cm and was diluted for treatment at full, half, quarter and none. The manure mixtures were applied at a rate of 0.5 in/acre using a procedure that wet the foliage three times in a 15-minute time span. Manure mixtures were applied at V7 and V14 for corn and V3 and R1 for soybeans. Phytotoxic effects were shown at the high rate for both crops, but soybeans were killed at the early application …

Seed Quality Qtl In A Prominent Soybean Population, D. L. Hyten Jr., V. R. Pantalone, C. E. Sams, A. M. Saxon, D. Landau-Ellis, T. R. Stefaniak, M. E. Schmidt

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a versatile crop due to its multitude of uses as a high protein meal and vegetable oil. Soybean seed traits such as seed protein and oil concentration and seed size are important quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to identify representative protein, oil, and seed size quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 131 F6-derived lines was created from two prominent ancestors of North American soy-beans (‘Essex’ and ‘Williams’) and the RILs were grown in six environments. One hundred simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers …

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2003, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the State and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for soybean producers.

Using Multi-Spectral Imagery To Evaluate Corn Grown Under Nitrogen And Drought Stressed Conditions, Shannon L. Osborne, James S. Schepers, Mike R. Schlemmer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The in-season estimation of crop stresses which have the potential of adversely affecting crop yield and/or quality could allow producers to make in-season management decisions to correct for the particular stress. A field study was conducted to evaluate the use of multispectral imagery for estimating corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, in-season biomass and nitrogen (N) concentration under varying N and drought stresses. The experiment was a split-plot design with three replications using a factorial arrangement of treatments. Three irrigation (whole-plot) treatments included dry land, irrigation based on 0.5, and full evapotranspiration (ET). Sub-plot treatments included five N …

Expression Of A Putative Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase In Sorghum Mesocotyls Synthesizing 3-Deoxyanthocyanidin Phytoalexins, Jayanand Boddu, Catherine Svabek, Rajandeep Sekhon, Amanda Gevens, Ralph L. Nicholson, A. Daniel Jones, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, David L. Gustine, Surinder Chopra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In sorghum, ingress of Cochliobolus heterostrophus stimulates the synthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins that act as phytoalexins. Apigeninidin and luteolinidin are two major phytoalexins induced in the first 24 h after infection. In an attempt to understand genetic regulation of the biosynthesis of sorghum phytoalexins, we isolated a differentially expressed partial cDNA. Characterization and comparison showed that this cDNA sequence corresponds to a putative flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase. Full length sequence characterization allowed us to establish that the sorghum putative f3’h cDNA encodes a peptide of 517 amino acids that has domains conserved among cytochrome P450 proteins functioning in …

Field Evaluation Of Herbicides On Vegetables, Small Fruit, And Ornamental Crops 2003, Ronald E. Talbert, Brian V. Ottis, Mayank S. Malik, Andrew T. Ellis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Herbicide evaluation studies on vegetables, small fruit, and ornamental crops were conducted in 2003 at the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in Fayetteville, Ark., and the Vegetable Substation near Kibler, Ark., in an effort to evaluate new herbicides, herbicide mixtures, and their application timings for weed control efficacy and crop tolerance. Results of these studies, in part, provide useful information to producers, fellow researchers, the Crop Protection Industry, and the IR-4 Minor Crop Pest Management Program in the development of potential new herbicide uses in vegetable, fruit, and ornamental production.

Molecular Mapping And Identification Of Soybean Fatty Acid Modifier Quantitative Trait Loci, D. L. Hyten Jr., Vincent R. Pantalone, Arnold M. Saxton, Michael E. Schmidt, Carl E. Sams

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Altering FA content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil for improved functionality is a research goal of many soybean breeders. Several of the genes that alter palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are modifier genes with small effects, causing these FA traits to act as quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to identify modifier FA quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean. A recombinant inbred line population was created from two prominent ancestors of currently avail-able U.S. cultivars (Essex and Williams) and grown in five environments. One hundred simple se-quence repeat markers spaced throughout the genome …

Implementation Of A Mitochondrial Mutator, Sally Mackenzie, Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Plant MSH1 polynucleotides and polypeptides are described. Also described are methods for the use and modulation of such MSH1 polynucleotides and polypeptides.

Predicting Phenological Development In Winter Wheat, Qingwu Xue, Albert Weiss, P. Stephen Baenziger

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Accurate prediction of phenological development is important in the winter wheat Triticum aestivum agroecosystem. From a practical perspective, applications of pesticides and fertilizers are carried out at specific phenological stages. In crop-simulation modeling, the prediction of yield components (kernel number and kernel weight) and wheat-grain yield relies on accurate prediction of phenology. In this study, a nonlinear multiplicative model by Wang & Engel (WE) for predicting phenological development in differing winter wheat cultivars was evaluated using data from a 3 yr field experiment. In the vegetative phase (emergence to anthesis) the daily development rate (r) was simulated based on the …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2003, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2002, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The average yield in Arkansas in 2002 was 871 lb lint/acre from 920,000 harvested acres (960,000 planted) for a total of 1.67 million bales at a value of$336.5 million. This yield was second only to the record 877 lb lint/acre achieved in 1994. Last year's crop yield, and the five-year average, on a per acre basis are exceeded in the U.S. Cotton Belt only by California and Arizona. Cotton yields in Arkansas increased steadily during the eighties, but in the last decade yields have leveled off. Furthermore, the last five years have had extreme year-to-year variability in yields, which is …

Integrated Weed Management Plan For The Lower Las Vegas Wash, Elizabeth Bickmore

Publications (WR)

The Las Vegas Wash (Wash) is the primary drainage for the metropolitan Las Vegas Valley, eventually finding its way into the Colorado River watershed system. Pursuant to the recommendations of the Water Quality Citizens Advisory Committee, the Las Vegas Wash Coordination Committee (LVWCC) was formed in 1998 to develop a comprehensive plan for the long-term stabilization and management of the Wash. Consisting of representatives from 28 government agencies, businesses, environmental groups and citizens, the LVWCC formulated the Las Vegas Wash Comprehensive Adaptive Management Plan (CAMP) and designated the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) as the lead agency for the implementation …

Horticultural Studies 2002, Michael R. Evans, Douglas E. Karcher

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Arkansas Agriculture Situation And Outlook 2003, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Eric J. Wailes, Bruce L. Dixon, Michael Popp, Pat Manning, Tony E. Windham

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The purpose of this research series is to highlight the situation of Arkansas farmers and to offer an outlook for 2003. The research emphasizes the production, price, income, policy, financial, farmland value, and interest rate outlook for Arkansas farmers and considers the impact of the macro economy on agriculture. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel as an alternative to petroleum diesel are discussed.

B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2002, R. J. Norman, J.-F. Meullenet

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading rice producing state in the U .S .. representing almost 46% of the total U .S. production and almost 47% of the total acres planted to rice . Rice cultural practices vary across the state and across the U.S. However, due to changing political, environmental, and economic times, the practices arc dynamic. This survey was initiated in 2002 to monitor how the changing times reflect the changes in the way Arkansas rice producers approach their livelihood. The survey was conducted by polling county Extension agents in each of the counties in Arkansas that produce rice. Questions …

Arkansas Small-Grain Cultivar Performance Tests 2002-2003, J. T. Kelly, C. E. Parsons, R. K. Bacon

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Small-grain cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for smallgrain producers.

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2002, E. M. Bourland, J. T. Johnson, S. B. Jackson, M. W. Duren, J. M. Hornbeck, F. E. Groves, W. C. Robertson

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary aim of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed dealers establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant. In this way, the annual test facilitates the inclusion of new, improved genetic material into Arkansas cotton production. Variety adaptation is determined by evaluation of the varieties and lines at four University of Arkansas research stations located near Keiser, Clarkedale, Marianna, and Rohwer. Tests are duplicated in irrigated and non-irrigated culture at …

Forage Yield And Economic Losses Associated With The Brown-Midrib Trait In Sudangrass, M. D. Casler, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. J. Undersander

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Brown-midrib genes increase digestibility due to reduced lignification in sudangrass, Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan. Brown-midrib lines are known to be low in forage yield potential, but this reduction in forage yield has not been previously quantified. The objectives of this study were to quantify the increase in forage quality and decrease in forage yield and to provide an economic assessment of this dichotomy. Piper and Greenleaf (normal leaves) were compared with their brown-midrib counterparts and four highly selected brown-midrib (FG) lines at two locations for 2 yr. Brown-midrib lines averaged 9.0% lower in …

Registration Of Rn582 Sorghum Germplasm Line, J. F. Pedersen, J. J. Toy

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

RN582 sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] germplasm line (Reg. no. GP-591, PI 628277) was developed jointly by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, and was released in September 2001.

RN582 is an S₆ selection from the cross (RTx430 ms₃ms₃X E 35-1) X E 35-1. RTx430 was developed and released by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (Miller, 1984) and was provided to this project containing the nuclear male sterility gene ms₃ by A.B. Maunder in 1988. E 35-1 is an Ethiopian land race with white …

Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Soil Indicators Four Years After Manure And Compost Applications, Daniel Ginting, Anabayan Kessavalou, Bahman Eghball, John W. Doran

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Understanding how carbon, nitrogen, and key soil attributes affect gas emissions from soil is crucial for alleviating their undesirable residual effects that can linger for years after termination of manure and compost applications. This study was conducted to evaluate the emission of soil CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ and soil C and N indicators four years after manure and compost application had stopped. Experimental plots were treated with annual synthetic N fertilizer (FRT), annual and biennial manure (MN1 and MN2, respectively), and compost (CP1 and CP2, respectively) from 1992 to 1995 based on removal of 151 …

Registration Of ‘Ne422t’ Winter Triticale, P. Stephen Baenziger, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NE422T triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) (Reg. no CV-27, PI 629028) was developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS. It was jointly released in 2001 by the developing institutions. NW422T was selected from the cross ‘Trical’/‘UB-UW26’ where Trical is most likely ‘Trical 100’ (a forage triticale developed by Resource Seed Inc., a subsidiary of Goldsmith Seed Company, Gilroy, CA) and UB-UW26 is an unknown winter triticale germplasm line given to the breeding program in the 1980s.The cross was made in 1990. The F₁ generation was grown in the greenhouse in 1990-1991. The F₂ and F …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the State, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for soybean producers. The 2002 soybean cultivar performance tests were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC) at Keiser, the Cotton Branch Station (CBS) near Marianna, the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart, the Southeast Research and Extension Center - Rohwer Division (SEREC-RD) near Rohwer, the Burton Brothers Farm (BBF) in LaFayette County, …

Arkansas Agriculture Situation And Outlook 2002, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Eric J. Wailes, Bruce L. Dixon, Michael Popp, Pat Manning, Tony E. Windham

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Many farmers in Arkansas and other parts of the United States are experiencing financial stress. The purpose of this special report is to highlight the situation of Arkansas farmers and to offer an outlook for 2002. The report emphasizes the production, price, income, policy, financial, farmland value, and interest rate outlook for Arkansas farmers and considers the impact of the macro economy on agriculture. In addition, a summary of commercial rowcrop farm characteristics and production practices is presented.

Characterization Of Fro1, A Pea Ferric-Chelate Reductase Involved In Root Iron Acquisition, Brian M. Waters, Dale G. Blevins, David J. Eide

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

To acquire iron, many plant species reduce soil Fe(III) to Fe(II) by Fe(III)-chelate reductases embedded in the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells. The reduced product is then taken up by Fe(II) transporter proteins. These activities are induced under Fe deficiency. We describe here the FRO₁ gene from pea (Pisum sativum), which encodes an Fe(III)-chelate reductase. Consistent with this proposed role, FRO₁ shows similarity to other oxidoreductase proteins, and expression of FRO₁ in yeast conferred increased Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity. Furthermore, FRO₁ mRNA levels in plants correlated with Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity. Sites of FRO_{1 …}

Accumulation Of Microbial Biomass Within Particulate Organic Matter Of Aging Golf Greens, Mine Kerek, Rhae A. Drijber, William L. Powers, Robert C. Shearman, Roch E. Gaussoin, Anne Streich

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Microbial biomass (MB) is a key variable controlling soil organic matter dynamics in soil. Currently, there is little information on the amount and significance of MB in highly managed golf greens. Our objective was to determine the amount and distribution of MB within soil structural components of golf greens and its relationship to the location of organic substrates. During 1996, 47 greens were sampled from 12 golf courses within Nebraska (USA). Microbial biomass, determined as extractable lipid phosphate on field-moist soils, increased linearly with age of green (Y = 19.39 + 3.54x; r² = 0.87, P = 0.001). In …

Herbicide Evaluation In Arkansas Rice 2000, Ron Talbert, Ford Baldwin, Ken Smith, David Gealy, Eric Scherder, Mike Lovelace, Nathan Buehring, Marilyn Mcclelland

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

With the widespread development of resistance to propanil by barnyardgrass, the major weed in rice, research has been intensified in recent years to develop alternative weed control technology to the repeated use of propanil. The use of herbicides is economically important for production of rice. Field experiments are conducted annually in Arkansas to evaluate the activity of developmental and commercial herbicides for selective control of barnyardgrass and other weeds in rice. These experiments serve both industry and Arkansas agriculture by providing information on the selectivity of herbicides still in the developmental stage and by comparing the activity of these new …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2001, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts also be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies contained within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.