Physiology Commons^™

Anatomy And Physiology Preparatory Course Textbook (2nd Edition), Carlos Liachovitzky

Open Educational Resources

The goal of this preparatory textbook is to give students a chance to become familiar with some terms and some basic concepts they will find later on in the Anatomy and Physiology course, especially during the first few weeks of the course.

Organization and functioning of the human organism are generally presented starting from the simplest building blocks, and then moving into levels of increasing complexity. This textbook follows the same presentation. It begins introducing the concept of homeostasis, then covers the chemical level, and later on a basic introduction to cellular level, organ level, and organ system level. This …

Human Anatomy And Physiology Preparatory Course (1st Edition), Carlos Liachovitzky

Open Educational Resources

The overall purpose of this preparatory course textbook is to help students familiarize with some terms and some basic concepts they will find later in the Human Anatomy and Physiology I course.

The organization and functioning of the human organism generally is discussed in terms of different levels of increasing complexity, from the smallest building blocks to the entire body. This Anatomy and Physiology preparatory course covers the foundations on the chemical level, and a basic introduction to cellular level, organ level, and organ system levels. There is also an introduction to homeostasis at the beginning.

Effect Of Shear Stress On Ecnos Expression And Dilation In Soleus Feed Arteries, Blanca Perez, Jay L. Brewster, Jeffrey Jasperse

Featured Research

Shear stress causes artery dilation and increased expression of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) in coronary and placental arteries. We sought to determine the importance of shear stress in maintaining normal dilation and normal levels of ecNOS in rat soleus feed arteries (SFA). SFA were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats and cannulated for in vitro microscopy (Fig. 6). SFA were exposed to no shear stress, low shear stress, or high shear stress conditions for 4 hours. After 4 hours, endothelium-dependent dilation (acetylcholine: ACh) and endothelium-independent dilation (sodium nitroprusside: SNP) were tested. Arteries were then uncannulated, mRNA was isolated, and …

Locating The Modifier Of Segregation Distorter In Drosophila Melanogaster, Samuel Craven

Honors Program Projects

The Drosophila melanogaster meiotic drive system Segregation Distorter (SD) has been a topic of great interest over the past decades due to its implications for fertility issues in fruit flies and other species as well. Several genes have been associated with this system; however, little research has focused on a particular one of these genes—the Modifier of SD. The location of this modifier gene is still unknown, so multiple deleted segments of DNA that compose a suspect area along the 2nd chromosome were tested here to see if some level of distortion is established in the absence of these segments. …

Chemotherapy: The Physiological Cost Of A Cure, Megan Ellis

A with Honors Projects

This project focuses on the common long term side effects of cancer treatments, apart from cure. In addition to physiological function changes, it focuses on the chemical composition of chemotherapy drugs.

Size And Organic Content Of Eggs Of Marine Annelids, And The Underestimation Of Egg Energy Content By Dichromate Oxidation, William Jaeckle, Bruno Pernet

Scholarship

Dichromate oxidation is a simple technique that is often used to estimate the energy content of eggs in studies of marine invertebrate life histories (1). We used this method to measure the energy contents of the eggs of 12 species of marine annelids. In combination with measures of egg ash-free dry weight (AFDW), these data yielded estimates of AFDW-specific energy density that were mostly lower than the average weight-specific energy density of carbohydrates. This seemed unlikely to be correct, as invertebrate eggs typically contain little carbohydrate and instead are composed primarily of energy-dense protein and lipid (1, 2). After validating …

Variability In Broods Of The Seastar Leptasterias Aequalis, William B. Jaeckle, Brian L. Bingham, Kehualani Giles

Scholarship

Enormous variation exists in the reproductive output of marine invertebrates (e.g., in the numbers of em¬bryos produced, the volumes of embryos, and the energy that they contain). It is not clear why there is such great variability or what the population-level consequences are. We sampled a population of the brooding seastar Leptasterias aequalis (Stimpson, 1862) to collect basic information on brood sizes, embryo volume, and embryo energy content with a goal to better understand the reproductive ecology of this species. We collected brooding females in February and again in April. We measured the size of their broods and sampled the …

A Long Way From Home: Transatlantic Sea Star Migration, William Jaeckle, Paul Kehle

Scholarship

For a marine biologist strolling along the eastern coast of South America, finding some sea stars (popularly called starfish, and technically members of the class Asteroidea of the phylum Echinodermata) is not all that unusual. However, when closer inspection reveals the sea stars to be ones that are also found on the shores of the western coast of Africa, the marine biologist now faces an interesting question: How did these sea stars come to be so far from home?

Originally published in Consortiumand used with permission.

The Potential For Ontogenetic Vertical Migration By Larvae Of Bathyal Echinoderms, William Jaeckle, Craig M. Young, Michael G. Devin, Suki U.K. Ekaratne, Sophie B. George

Scholarship

Planktotrophy is a relatively common developmental mode among bathyal and abyssal echinoderms, but the sources of food used by deep-sea planktotrophic larvae remain generally unknown. Very few deep-sea echinoderm larvae have been collected in plankton samples, so we do not know whether larvae migrate to the euphotic zone to feed or if they rely on bacteria or detritus at greater depths. We approached this question indirectly by investigating whether larvae of bathyal echinoids can tolerate the temperatures they would encounter in the euphotic zone and whether they possess sufficient energy stores to migrate to the euphotic zone without feeding. Twenty-four …

Transport And Metabolism Of Alanine And Palmitic Acid By Field-Collected Larvae Of Tedania Ignis (Porifera, Demospongiae): Estimated Consequences Of Limited Label Translocation, William B. Jaeckle

Scholarship

The epidermis of larvae of Tedania ignis(Porifera, Demospongiae) is uniformly ciliated except for the posterior pole. The epidermal cells are long, columnar, and monociliate; each cilium arises from an epidermal crypt; symbiotic bacteria were not observed in larval cells. These lecithotrophic ("nonfeeding") larvae can feed by assimilating dissolved organic materials (DOM) from seawater. Larvae transported both the amino acid alanine (mean = 2.73 pmol larva^-1 h^-1; [S] = 1 µM) and the fatty acid palmitic acid (mean = 16.27 pmol larva^-1 h^-1; [S] = 1 µM) from seawater. Following assimilation, the …

Multiple Modes Of Asexual Reproduction By Tropical And Subtropical Sea Star Larvae: An Unusual Adaptation For Genet Dispersal And Survival, William Jaeckle

Scholarship

Sea star larvae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), collected from the subtropical Northwest Atlantic Ocean, exhibited three distinct modes of asexual reproduction. A number of different bipinnariae and brachiolariae reproduced by paratomous cloning of the posterolateral arms. This morphogenesis was identical to that of larvae assignable to the genus Luidia. A second mode of asexual reproduction involves the autotomization of an anterior portion of the preoral lobe. Primary larvae with preoral lobes of varying sizes and free-swimming preoral lobes of various stages of morphological development were simultaneously collected. The free-swimming preoral lobes developed complete digestive systems and ultimately assumed the form of …

Rates Of Energy Consumption And Acquisition By Lecithotrophic Larvae Of Bugula Neritina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata), William Jaeckle

Scholarship

Lecithotrophic larvae of the cheilostome bryozoan, Bugula neritina (L.), lose metamorphic competence 12 to 24 h after release from the maternal zooid. The high respiration rate of newly released larvae (mean=306.3 pmol O₂ larva^-1 h^-1, range= 149.3 to 466.6, n=18 trials, 22.5 °C) from adults collected at Link Port, Fort Pierce, Florida during the winter/spring of 1990-1991 reflects their active swimming behavior. The average energy con¬tent per larva was 15.24 mJ (range: 13.35 to 20.17 mJ ind^-1, n=5 groups). If all cells have an identical energy content and metabolic rate, then 2 and 20% …

Amino Acid Uptake And Metabolism By Larvae Of The Marine Worm Urechis Caupo (Echiura), A New Species In Axenic Culture, William Jaeckle, Donal T. Manahan

Scholarship

Axenic (bacteria-free) larval cultures of the marine echiuran worm, Urechis caupo, were reliably obtained by aseptically removing gametes directly from the gamete storage organs. Trochophore larvae only removed neutral amino acids from seawater as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There was no detectable uptake, as measured by HPLC, of acidic or basic amino acids. Kinetic analysis showed that the transport system for alanine in 4-day-old larvae had a K_t of 4-6 _μM and a J_max of 9-10 pmol larva^-1 h^-1. Following a 50-min exposure, the majority of the radio-activity (95%) from ^{14 …}