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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Physiology
Renal Cell Carcinoma Of Pelvic Kidney With Atypical Nodal Metastasis: A Diagnostic Challenge, Roshan-E-Shahid Rana, Muhammad Hammad Ather
Renal Cell Carcinoma Of Pelvic Kidney With Atypical Nodal Metastasis: A Diagnostic Challenge, Roshan-E-Shahid Rana, Muhammad Hammad Ather
Section of Urology
Ectopic pelvic kidney is a known congenital anomaly; however, the presence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in an ectopic kidney is rare with the evidence available in the form of a few case reports only. In this case report, we present a case of metastatic RCC in the pelvic kidney which became a diagnostic challenge because of atypical contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) characteristics and unusual pattern of lymph node involvement including cervical lymph node in the absence of visceral metastasis. Because of its unusual location and uncertain vascular anatomy, ectopic kidney poses a surgical challenge. Owing to the rarity of …
Role Of Lipid-Lowering Therapy In Peripheral Artery Disease, Agastya Deepak Belur, Aangi J. Shah, Salim S. Virani, Mounica Vorla, Dinesh K. Kalra
Role Of Lipid-Lowering Therapy In Peripheral Artery Disease, Agastya Deepak Belur, Aangi J. Shah, Salim S. Virani, Mounica Vorla, Dinesh K. Kalra
Office of the Provost
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, lipoprotein-driven condition that leads to plaque formation within the arterial tree, leading to subsequent arterial stenosis and thrombosis that accounts for a large burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. Atherosclerosis of the lower extremities is called peripheral artery disease and is a major cause of loss in mobility, amputation, and critical limb ischemia. Peripheral artery disease is a common condition with a gamut of clinical manifestations that affects an estimated 10 million people in the United States of America and 200 million people worldwide. The role of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, such as LDL and remnant …
Women's Health: Optimal Nutrition Throughout The Lifecycle, Edith J M Feskens, Regan Bailey, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Hans-Konrad Biesalski, Heather Eicher-Miller, Klaus Krämer, Wen-Harn Pan, James C. Griffiths
Women's Health: Optimal Nutrition Throughout The Lifecycle, Edith J M Feskens, Regan Bailey, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Hans-Konrad Biesalski, Heather Eicher-Miller, Klaus Krämer, Wen-Harn Pan, James C. Griffiths
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Sex differences are an important consideration when researching and establishing policies for nutrition and optimal health. For women's health, there are important physiologic, neurologic, and hormonal distinctions throughout the lifecycle that impact nutritional needs. Distinct from those for men, these nutritional needs must be translated into appropriate nutrition policy that aims to not only avoid overt nutritional deficiency, but also to promote health and minimize risk for chronic disease. Through a series of webinars, scientific experts discussed the advances in the understanding of the unique nutritional needs, challenges and opportunities of the various life stages for women across the life …
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Causing Retroperitoneal Varicosity Mimicking A Renal Artery Aneurysm: A Novel Case Report And Literature Review, Areez Shafqat, Shameel Shafqat, Belal Nedal Sabbah, Abdullah Shaik, Wael Khalil Alfehaid, Syed Shafqat Ul Islam
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Causing Retroperitoneal Varicosity Mimicking A Renal Artery Aneurysm: A Novel Case Report And Literature Review, Areez Shafqat, Shameel Shafqat, Belal Nedal Sabbah, Abdullah Shaik, Wael Khalil Alfehaid, Syed Shafqat Ul Islam
Medical College Documents
A 17-year-old female presented to our hospital complaining of bloody diarrhea 4-6 times per day for the past month. She was a known case of inflammatory bowel disease noncompliant to her medications. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an unusually dilated mass in the retroperitoneum at L2 vertebral level connecting the lumbar and left renal veins. The renal artery was visualized separately, and a diagnosis of communicating vein varicosity was made. This lesion can be misleading on imaging, hence our aim to disseminate our findings to practicing radiologists. The differential diagnosis of these lesions include retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, renal artery aneurysms, and testicular …
Structural And Functional Properties Of Subsidiary Atrial Pacemakers In A Goat Model Of Sinus Node Disease, Luca Soattin, Zoltan Borbas, Jane Caldwell, Brian Prendergast, Akbar Vohra, Yawer Saeed, Andreas Hoschtitzky, Joseph Yanni, Andrew Atkinson, Sunil Jit Logantha
Structural And Functional Properties Of Subsidiary Atrial Pacemakers In A Goat Model Of Sinus Node Disease, Luca Soattin, Zoltan Borbas, Jane Caldwell, Brian Prendergast, Akbar Vohra, Yawer Saeed, Andreas Hoschtitzky, Joseph Yanni, Andrew Atkinson, Sunil Jit Logantha
Section of Cardiology
Background: The sinoatrial/sinus node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart. In humans, SAN is surrounded by the paranodal area (PNA). Although the PNA function remains debated, it is thought to act as a subsidiary atrial pacemaker (SAP) tissue and become the dominant pacemaker in the setting of sinus node disease (SND). Large animal models of SND allow characterization of SAP, which might be a target for novel treatment strategies for SAN diseases.
Methods: A goat model of SND was developed (n = 10) by epicardially ablating the SAN and validated by mapping of emergent SAP locations through …
Kisspeptin And Attributes Of Infertile Males And Females: A Cross-Sectional Study In A Subset Of Pakistani Population, Rehana Rehman, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Faiza Alam, Mussarat Ashraf, Shaheen Zafar
Kisspeptin And Attributes Of Infertile Males And Females: A Cross-Sectional Study In A Subset Of Pakistani Population, Rehana Rehman, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Faiza Alam, Mussarat Ashraf, Shaheen Zafar
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Kisspeptin, a peptide hormone, plays a pivotal role in fertility and neuroendocrine regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Increased kisspeptin and reproductive hormones are responsible for fertility in male and females. This study aimed to explore the role of kisspeptin on hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis by comparing the levels of kisspeptin in fertile and infertile subjects and identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KISS1 gene in exon 2 and exon 3 of infertile male and female cohorts. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 80 males (44 infertile and 36 fertile) and 88 females (44 in each group). Significantly high levels of kisspeptin (KP), …
Evaluation Of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 As A Disease Progression Biomarker In Diabetic Nephropathy, Fatima Abid Khan, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Sana Shahid
Evaluation Of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 As A Disease Progression Biomarker In Diabetic Nephropathy, Fatima Abid Khan, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Sana Shahid
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background & Objective: Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a peptide whose release into circulation is specific to tubular injury. This study aimed to estimate levels of kidney injury molecule-1 in diabetic patients with and without kidney disease. And evaluate the role of KIM-1 as an early screening marker of progressive kidney injury.
Methods: This follow-up study included n=85 subjects from the diabetic clinic of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC) in collaboration with Aga Khan University from November 2016 till September 2017. They were divided as: i) Group A1 (n=30) participants with diabetes for <5 years without microalbuminuria ii) Group A2 (n= 30) subjects with diabetes for 6-10 years with microalbuminuria; iii) Group B (n=25) subjects as healthy control group. All study participants were followed for 6 months and their blood glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes, albuminuria and serum KIM-1 were assayed.
Results: High KIM-1 at baseline was …
Association Of Oxidative Stress With Female Infertility - A Case Control Study, Faiza Alam, Taseer Ahmed Khan, Sofia Amjad, Rehana Rehman
Association Of Oxidative Stress With Female Infertility - A Case Control Study, Faiza Alam, Taseer Ahmed Khan, Sofia Amjad, Rehana Rehman
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: To compare stress markers and reproductive hormones in fertile and infertile females, and to relate the markers with age, duration and cause of infertility, and body mass index..
Methods: The case-control study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from March 2017 to February 2018. Females aged 16-50 years regardless of ethnic background were recruited from the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre, Karachi, and were equally divided into infertile cases group A, and fertile controls group B. Serum follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, glutathione reductase and cortisol were measured using enzyme-linked innmunosorbent assay. SPSS 19 …
Enhancing Cognitive Engagement Of Pre-Clinical Undergraduate Medical Students Via Video Cases And Interactive Quizzes In Problem-Based Learning, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Kulsoom Ghias, Kauser Jabeen, Saniya Sabzwari
Enhancing Cognitive Engagement Of Pre-Clinical Undergraduate Medical Students Via Video Cases And Interactive Quizzes In Problem-Based Learning, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Kulsoom Ghias, Kauser Jabeen, Saniya Sabzwari
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is one of the main pedagogical approaches utilized in the undergraduate medical education (UGME) program at a private medical college in Karachi, Pakistan. Video-enhanced cases and formative assessments were introduced at the end of PBL sessions to evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing student engagement.
Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted with Year 2 medical students (n=102; divided into 11 groups) and faculty (n=11) facilitating the PBL process. Of the 10 PBL cases, five were converted to video-enhanced cases and five were kept as paper-based, “traditional” cases. “Micro” videos were used to introduce clinical scenarios, augmented …
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Apoptotic, Inflammatory And Oxidative Stress Role Of Galectin-3, Suhail Al-Salam, Satwat Hashmi
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Apoptotic, Inflammatory And Oxidative Stress Role Of Galectin-3, Suhail Al-Salam, Satwat Hashmi
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background/aims: Myocardial reperfusion has the potential to salvage the ischemic myocardium after a period of coronary occlusion. Reperfusion, however, can cause a wide spectrum of deleterious effects. Galectin-3 (GAL-3), a beta galactoside binding lectin, is closely associated with myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial fibrosis and heart failure. In our study, we investigated its role in ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IR) as this phenomenon is extremely relevant to the early intervention after acute MI.
Methods: C57B6/J wild type (WT) mice and GAL-3 knockout (KO) mice were used for murine model of IR injury in the heart where a period of 30 minutes ischemia was …
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And The Predisposing Factors, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Rehana Rehman, Faiza Alam, Sarosh Madhani, Bushra Chaudhry, Taseer Ahmed Khan
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And The Predisposing Factors, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Rehana Rehman, Faiza Alam, Sarosh Madhani, Bushra Chaudhry, Taseer Ahmed Khan
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with demographic and anthropometric variables in pregnant women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Memon Hospital in Karachi, from February 2014 to December 2015, and comprised pregnant women who were screened by 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, (24-28 weeks of gestation) and classified as per the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group. Weight, body mass index and serum glycated haemoglobin levels were measured. Women with pre-gestational diabetes were excluded. SPSS 21 was …
Unusual Presentation Of A Young Man With Disseminated Tuberculosis And Right Ventricular Mass, Shahrukh Hashmani, Fateh Ali Tipoo Sultan, Muhammad Qamar Masood
Unusual Presentation Of A Young Man With Disseminated Tuberculosis And Right Ventricular Mass, Shahrukh Hashmani, Fateh Ali Tipoo Sultan, Muhammad Qamar Masood
Section of Cardiology
We report a 22-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with worsening shortness of breath and chronic fever for 2 months. Physical examination was unremarkable except for raised jugular venous pressure and palpable liver. Echocardiogram showed a large right ventricular mass causing obstruction at tricuspid valve. A subsequent chest CT scan confirmed the presence of a large mass in the right ventricle. There were multiple enlarged lymph nodes and consolidation in the right upper lobe. Diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis(TB) was made and later confirmed by histopathology of lymph node biopsy along with positive sputum culture for acid-fast bacilli. Remarkable …
Kcnq1 Rs2237895 Polymorphism Is Associated With Gestational Diabetes In Pakistani Women, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Bushra Chaudhry, Taseer Ahmed Khan, Saad Farooq
Kcnq1 Rs2237895 Polymorphism Is Associated With Gestational Diabetes In Pakistani Women, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Bushra Chaudhry, Taseer Ahmed Khan, Saad Farooq
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background and Objective: Genetic studies on gestational diabetes (GDM) are relatively scarce; moreover, limited data is available for KCNQ1 polymorphism in Pakistani pregnant women. We aimed to determine the frequency of KCNQ1 rs2237895 in GDM and normal pregnant controls and its association with GDM-related phenotypes.
Methods: A total of 637 pregnant females (429 controls and 208 cases) in their second trimester were classified according to the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study criteria in this study. Their blood samples were genotyped for KCNQ1 SNP rs2237895 using PCR-RFLP method and sequencing. Fasting and two hour-post glucose load blood levels, …
Effect Of Dichloromethane Fraction Of Areca Catechu Nut On Monoamines Associated Behaviors And Tyramine Pressor Sensitivity In Rodents, Shagufta Khan, Ghulam Abbas, Fahad Shabbir Ahmed, Attaur Rahman, Ahsana Dar
Effect Of Dichloromethane Fraction Of Areca Catechu Nut On Monoamines Associated Behaviors And Tyramine Pressor Sensitivity In Rodents, Shagufta Khan, Ghulam Abbas, Fahad Shabbir Ahmed, Attaur Rahman, Ahsana Dar
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
The current study was aimed at investigating the effect of Areca catechu nut dichloromethane fraction (7 mg/kg) on monoamines (serotonin and dopamine) modulation (5-hydroxytryptophan-induced tremors and phenylethylamine-induced stereotypes) and its interaction with tyramine (cheese effect). The dichloromethane fraction caused pronounced increase in 5-HTP-induced tremors (50%) with negligible PEA-induced stereotypes (20%). Additionally, it did not produce a significant increase in the tyramine pressor effects. These results suggest that the dichloromethane fraction of A. catechu nut primarily elevates serotonin levels (probably via monoamine oxidase A inhibition) and does not induce cheese effect.
Evidence For A "Founder Effect" Among Hiv-Infected Injection Drug Users (Idus) In Pakistan., Mohammad A. Rai, Vivek R Nerurkar, Suhail Khoja, Saeed Khan, Richard Yanagihara, Arish Rehman, Shahana U Kazmi, Syed H Ali
Evidence For A "Founder Effect" Among Hiv-Infected Injection Drug Users (Idus) In Pakistan., Mohammad A. Rai, Vivek R Nerurkar, Suhail Khoja, Saeed Khan, Richard Yanagihara, Arish Rehman, Shahana U Kazmi, Syed H Ali
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: We have previously reported a HIV-1 subtype A infection in a community of injection drug users (IDUs) in Karachi, Pakistan. We now show that this infection among the IDUs may have originated from a single source. Methods: Phylogenetic analysis was performed of partial gag sequences, generated using PCR, from 26 HIV-positive IDU samples. Results: Our results showed formation of a tight monophyletic group with an intra-sequence identity of < 98% indicating a "founder effect". Our data indicate that the HIV-1 epidemic in this community of IDUs may have been transmitted by an HIV positive overseas contract worker who admitted to having contact with commercial sex workers during stay abroad. Conclusion: Specific measures need to implemented to control transmission of HIV infection in Pakistan through infected migrant workers.
Prevalence Of Hcv And Hiv Infections In 2005-Earthquake-Affected Areas Of Pakistan., Saeed Khan, Mohammad A Rai, Adnan Khan, Amber Farooqui, Shahana U Kazmi, Syed H Ali
Prevalence Of Hcv And Hiv Infections In 2005-Earthquake-Affected Areas Of Pakistan., Saeed Khan, Mohammad A Rai, Adnan Khan, Amber Farooqui, Shahana U Kazmi, Syed H Ali
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: On October 8, 2005, an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 hit the Northern parts of Pakistan. In the post-earthquake scenario, overcrowding, improper sewage disposal, contamination of food and drinking water, hasty surgical procedures, and unscreened blood transfusions to earthquake victims most likely promotes the spread of infections already prevalent in the area. Objective: The objective of the study reported here was to determine the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency and Hepatitis C viruses (respectively, HIV and HCV) in the earthquake-affected communities of Pakistan. The samples were analyzed 2 months and then again 11 months after the earthquake to estimate the burden …
Unilateral Gynaecomastia--An Unusual Presentation Of Thyrotoxicosis, S Tauheed, M N. Haque
Unilateral Gynaecomastia--An Unusual Presentation Of Thyrotoxicosis, S Tauheed, M N. Haque
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Bronchodilator, Spasmolytic And Calcium Antagonist Activities Of Nigella Sativa Seeds (Kalonji): A Traditional Herbal Product With Multiple Medicinal Uses, A H. Gilani, N Aziz, I M. Khurram, K S. Chaudhary, A Iqbal
Bronchodilator, Spasmolytic And Calcium Antagonist Activities Of Nigella Sativa Seeds (Kalonji): A Traditional Herbal Product With Multiple Medicinal Uses, A H. Gilani, N Aziz, I M. Khurram, K S. Chaudhary, A Iqbal
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: The seeds of Nigella sativa locally known as "Kalonji" has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases including diarrhoea and asthma. The crude extract of N. sativa seeds (Ns.Cr) was studied in vitro for its possible spasmolytic and bronchodilator activities to rationalize the folkloric uses.
Methods: Isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig tracheal preparations were set up in Tyrode's and Kreb's solutions respectively and aerated with 5% CO2 in oxygen. Isotonic and isometric responses were measured on Bioscience oscillograph and Grass polygraph respectively.Results: The Ns.Cr caused a dose-dependent (0.1-3.0 mg/ml) relaxation of spontaneous contractions …
Cholera Toxin Mediated Regulation Of The Expression Of Gq Alpha And G11 Alpha Gtp Binding Proteins, B H. Shah
Cholera Toxin Mediated Regulation Of The Expression Of Gq Alpha And G11 Alpha Gtp Binding Proteins, B H. Shah
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Previously it has been shown that persistent activation of the stimulatory adenylyl cyclase pathway with cholera toxin (CT) downregulates the Gs alpha polypeptide (80%) in a cAMP-independent manner in C6 glioma cells (Shah, 1997). This study was conducted to examine the short and long term effects of CT on the regulation of pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins and their transcripts in C6 glioma cells. Treatment of C6 cells with CT (100 ng/ml) up to 16 h had no effect on either Gi or Gq/11 alpha proteins. However, prolonged exposure (24-48 h) caused increased expression of Gi (20-30%) and Gq/11 …
Co-Activation Of Gi And Gq Proteins Exerts Synergistic Effect On Human Platelet Aggregation Through Activation Of Phospholipase C And Ca2+ Signalling Pathways, B H. Shah, A Siddiqui, K A. Qureshi, M Khan, S Rafi, V A. Ujan, M Y. Yakoob, Y Yaqub, H Rasheed, S A. Saeed
Co-Activation Of Gi And Gq Proteins Exerts Synergistic Effect On Human Platelet Aggregation Through Activation Of Phospholipase C And Ca2+ Signalling Pathways, B H. Shah, A Siddiqui, K A. Qureshi, M Khan, S Rafi, V A. Ujan, M Y. Yakoob, Y Yaqub, H Rasheed, S A. Saeed
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Our previous studies have shown that subthreshold concentrations of two platelet agonists exert synergistic effects on platelet aggregation. Here we studied the mechanism of synergistic interaction of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and epinephrine mediated platelet aggregation. We show that 5-HT had no or little effect on aggregation but it did potentiate the aggregation response of epinephrine. The synergistic interaction of 5-HT (1-5 microM) and epinephrine (0.5-2 microM) was inhibited by alpha2-adrenoceptor blocker (yohimbine; IC50= 0.4 microM), calcium channel blockers (verapamil and diltiazem with IC50 of 10 and 48 mM, respectively), PLC inhibitor (U73122; IC50=6 microM) and nitric oxide (NO) donor, SNAP (IC50=1.6 …
Atherosclerosis And Plaque Rupture: An Update, M N. Afzal, S A. Saeed, B H. Shah
Atherosclerosis And Plaque Rupture: An Update, M N. Afzal, S A. Saeed, B H. Shah
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Lipoproteins On Cyclo-Oxygenase And Lipoxygenase Pathways In Human Platelets, S A. Saeed, R A. Memon, A H. Gilani, B H. Shah
Effects Of Lipoproteins On Cyclo-Oxygenase And Lipoxygenase Pathways In Human Platelets, S A. Saeed, R A. Memon, A H. Gilani, B H. Shah
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
The products of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in platelets play an important role in platelet shape change, adhesion and aggregation which may participate in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease and thrombosis. Since lipoproteins are also involved in the pathogenesis of thrombo-embolic disorders, the effect of human lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL) on AA metabolism in human platelets was investigated. Lipoproteins were separated by density gradient zonal ultracentrifugation. The effects of lipoproteins on production of AA metabolites in human platelets i.e., thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) were examined using radiometric thin layer chromatography coupled with automated data integrator system. …
An Update On Hyperlipidemia And Its Management, R A. Memon, A H. Gilani
An Update On Hyperlipidemia And Its Management, R A. Memon, A H. Gilani
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Possible Presence Of Calcium Channel Blocker(S) In Rubia Cordifolia: An Indigenous Medicinal Plant, A H. Gilani, K H. Janbaz, M Zaman, A Lateef, A Suria, H R. Ahmed
Possible Presence Of Calcium Channel Blocker(S) In Rubia Cordifolia: An Indigenous Medicinal Plant, A H. Gilani, K H. Janbaz, M Zaman, A Lateef, A Suria, H R. Ahmed
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Crude extract of Rubia cordifolia (RC) was tested in isolated tissue preparations for its possible calcium channel antagonistic activity. RC suppressed the spontaneous contractions of guinea-pig atria, rabbit jejunum and rat uterus in a concentration dependent manner (0.1-3 mg/ml). In rabbit aorta, it inhibited norepinephrine (10 microM) and KCl (80 mM) induced contractions. Replacement of physiological salt solution with calcium free solution abolished the spontaneous movements of rabbit jejunum. However, addition of calcium (25 micrograms/ml) in the tissue bath restored the spontaneous movements. When the tissues were pretreated with plant extract (1 mg/ml) or verapamil (0.5 microgram/ml), addition of calcium …