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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Physiology
Regulation Of Liver Mitochondrial Metabolism During Hibernation By Post-Translational Modification, Katherine E. Mathers
Regulation Of Liver Mitochondrial Metabolism During Hibernation By Post-Translational Modification, Katherine E. Mathers
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Hibernation, characterized by a seasonal reduction in metabolism and body temperature, allows animals to conserve energy when environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, food availability) are unfavourable. During hibernation, small mammals such as the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) cycle between two distinct metabolic states: torpor, where metabolic rate is suppressed by >95% and body temperature falls to ~5 °C, and interbout euthermia (IBE), where metabolic rate and body temperature rapidly increase and are maintained at euthermic levels several hours. Suppression of metabolism during entrance into torpor is paralleled by rapid suppression of liver mitochondrial metabolism. In my thesis, I …
Distinct Roles Of Gaba(A)R Signaling In The Regulation Of Two Human T Lymphocyte Lines, Ying Lin
Distinct Roles Of Gaba(A)R Signaling In The Regulation Of Two Human T Lymphocyte Lines, Ying Lin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In response to antigen presentation, helper T lymphocytes (TH cells) initiate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and differentiate into effector subtypes such as TH1 and TH2 cells. These cells play essential roles in adaptive immunity and the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and allergic diseases. The differentiation and activity of TH cells are also critically regulated by paracrine and autocrine soluble factors in the cell microenvironment. Previous studies have reported that TH cells produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and express A-type GABA receptors (GABAARs), forming an autocrine GABA …
Functional Characteristics Of Four Novel Lone Atrial Fibrillation-Linked Connexin40 Mutants, Mahmoud Noureldin
Functional Characteristics Of Four Novel Lone Atrial Fibrillation-Linked Connexin40 Mutants, Mahmoud Noureldin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia. Recently, four novel heterozygous Cx40 mutations, K107R, L223M, Q236H, and I257L were identified in 4 of 310 unrelated AF patients. To study possible alterations associated with these mutants, we studied their localization and function using gap junction (GJ)-deficient model cells. Cell pairs expressing Q236H alone or together with wildtype Cx43 showed a significantly lower coupling conductance. Impaired GJ function and dominant negative action on Cx43 of this mutant are consistent with previous findings on the majority of AF-linked Cx40 mutants. The remaining three novel AF-linked mutants did not show …
The Role Of P62/Sqstm1 In Tgfβ-Dependent Emt And Autophagy, Evelyn Ng
The Role Of P62/Sqstm1 In Tgfβ-Dependent Emt And Autophagy, Evelyn Ng
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a cytokine that regulates cellular adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis. In the context of cancer, TGFβ induces processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). More recently, TGFβ has been discovered to also induce autophagy, and the relationship between TGFβ-induced EMT and autophagy remains unknown. Due to its involvement in autophagy and its established interactions with key TGFβ signaling proteins, this thesis focuses on the sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1) protein. Here, I have shown that p62/SQSTM1 co-localizes with TGFβ receptors at the same time point that the receptors localize to Rab7-positive late endosomes. siRNA-mediated silencing of p62/SQSTM1 was …
S-Nitrosylation Suppresses Stromal Interaction Molecule-1 Activation And Ameliorates Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy, Jinhui Zhu
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is an endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) calcium (Ca2+) sensor that activates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) following Ca2+ depletion. SOCE-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ stimulates the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway, which upregulates pro-hypertrophic gene transcription. Nitric oxide (NO) regulates protein functions by S-nitrosylation, but how NO regulates SOCE in inhibiting cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. I hypothesize that NO stabilizes and inhibits STIM1 via S-nitrosylation and mitigates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. STIM1 residues Cys49 and Cys56 were susceptible to S-nitrosylation by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), …
The Long Haul: Migratory Flight Preparation And Performance In Songbirds, Morag F. Dick
The Long Haul: Migratory Flight Preparation And Performance In Songbirds, Morag F. Dick
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Migration requires birds to sustain high intensity endurance exercise for periods lasting from hours to days. Similar to athletes, preparation and nutrition is key to success. Birds seasonally prepare for migration, which includes increasing the capacity to oxidize fat in the flight muscles. Beyond fuelling migration, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are hypothesized to be natural doping agents and increase endurance and fatty acid oxidative capacity. I examined how birds prepare for and sustain migratory flight and directly tested the role of n-3 PUFA. Using yellow-rumped warblers (Setophaga coronata) as a model species, I first examined the …