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Disulfide High Mobility Group Box-1 Causes Bladder Pain Through Bladder Toll-Like Receptor 4, Fei Ma, Dimitrios E. Kouzoukas, Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler, Karin N. Westlund, David E. Hunt, Pedro L. Vera
Disulfide High Mobility Group Box-1 Causes Bladder Pain Through Bladder Toll-Like Receptor 4, Fei Ma, Dimitrios E. Kouzoukas, Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler, Karin N. Westlund, David E. Hunt, Pedro L. Vera
Physiology Faculty Publications
Background: Bladder pain is a prominent symptom in several urological conditions (e.g. infection, painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis, cancer). Understanding the mechanism of bladder pain is important, particularly when the pain is not accompanied by bladder pathology. Stimulation of protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) in the urothelium results in bladder pain through release of urothelial high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). HGMB1 has two functionally active redox states (disulfide and all-thiol) and it is not known which form elicits bladder pain. Therefore, we investigated whether intravesical administration of specific HMGB1 redox forms caused abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity, micturition changes, and bladder inflammation in …