Physiology Commons^™

The Implementation Of Exercise For Chronic Kidney Disease And Dialysis Patients, Syed Ahmad Rizvi

Honors College Theses

While commonly known to be the organ that helps with urine production within the human body, the kidney plays one of the most crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis. When establishing all of the roles the kidney has on keeping humans healthy, there is the question of how does the body cope when a patient is diagnosed with kidney failure. One of the more common treatment options that allows the body to continue to function without a kidney is by beginning a patient on a form of dialysis. However, as with any treatment, there will always be a list of side …

The Role Of Oxidative Stress In The Establishment Of Resistance To Cisplatin In Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells, Jimmy Belotte

Wayne State University Dissertations

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers with an estimated 22,280 new cases and 14,240 deaths expected in 2016 in the US alone. This high mortality rate can be partially attributed to a lack of universal screening and the development of resistance to the recommended chemotherapeutics. Typically, the treatment of ovarian cancer requires both cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and platinum/taxane combination chemotherapy. Initially, 50–80% of patients with advanced disease will achieve complete clinical response. Unfortunately, most will relapse within 18 months with chemoresistant disease. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of platinum resistance is critical in order to improve the …

Cervical Remodeling/Ripening At Term And Preterm Delivery: The Same Mechanism Initiated By Different Mediators And Different Effector Cells, Juan Miguel Gonzalez Velez

Wayne State University Dissertations

Premature cervical remodeling/ripening is believed to contribute to preterm delivery (PTD), the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite considerable research, the causes of term and PTD remain unclear, and there is no effective treatment for PTD. We tested the hypothesis that complement activation plays a role in cervical remodeling and PTD. We studied cervical remodeling at term.

We studied two mouse models of inflammation-induced PTD. The first model was induced by vaginal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)and the second one by administration of progesterone antagonist RU486. Increased cervical C3 deposition and macrophage infiltration and increased serum C3adesArg and C5adesArg …

Characterization Of High-Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels In Retinal Bipolar Cells, Qi Lu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Retinal bipolar cells, conveying visual information from photoreceptors to ganglion cells, segregate visual information into multiple parallel pathways through their diversified cell types and physiological properties. Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels could be particularly important underlying the diversified physiological properties of different BCs. In this dissertation, I investigated the high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium current in retinal bipolar cells in mice. In the first part of my dissertation, I characterized multiple bipolar cell-expressing GFP and/or Cre transgenic mouse lines. In the second part of my dissertation, by performing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, I examined the electrophysiological properties of HVA calcium currents among CBCs and …

Cardiovascular Fitness Associated With Cognitive Performance In Heart Failure Patients Enrolled In Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sarah Garcia, Michael L. Alosco, Mary Beth Spitznagel, Ronald Cohen, Naftali Raz, Lawrence Sweet, Richard Josephson, Joel Hughes, Jim Rosneck, Morgan L. Oberle, John Gunstad

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Reduced cognitive function is common in persons with heart failure (HF). Cardiovascular fitness is a known contributor to cognitive function in many patient populations, but has only been linked to cognition based on estimates of fitness in HF. The current study examined the relationship between fitness as measured by metabolic equivalents (METs) from a standardized stress test and cognition in persons with HF, as well as the validity of office-based predictors of fitness in this population.

Methods

Forty-one HF patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation completed a standardized exercise stress test protocol, a brief neuropsychological battery, the 2-minute step …

Linking Environmental Toxicant Exposure To Diabetes Susceptibility, Jannifer Beth Tyrrell

Wayne State University Dissertations

An important and unresolved question in the environmental health field is whether exposure to common environmental toxicants, such as dioxin and heavy metals like Pb, increase the risk of developing diabetes, especially in combination with other common metabolic stressors such as obesity.

Previous studies suggested that dioxin exposure increased peripheral insulin resistance but did not appear to cause fasting hyperglycemia or elevated hepatic glucose output. In concordance with those findings we observed that dioxin treatment caused a strong suppression of the expression of the key hepatic gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and G6Pase. However, this suppression was not solely mediated by the …

Effects Of Diet Type And Supplementation Of Glucosamine, Chondroitin, And Msm On Body Composition, Functional Status, And Markers Of Health In Women With Knee Osteoarthritis Initiating A Resistance-Based Exercise And Weight Loss Program, Teresa Magrans-Courtney, Colin Wilborn, Christopher Rasmussen, Maria Pontes Ferreira, Lori Greenwood, Bill Campbell, Chad M. Kerksick, Erica Nassar, Rui Li, Mike Iosia, Matt Cooke, Kristin Dugan, Darryn Willoughby, Luann Soliah, Richard B. Kreider

Nutrition and Food Science Faculty Research Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether sedentary obese women with knee OA initiating an exercise and weight loss program may experience more beneficial changes in body composition, functional capacity, and/or markers of health following a higher protein diet compared to a higher carbohydrate diet with or without GCM supplementation.

Methods: Thirty sedentary women (54 ± 9 yrs, 163 ± 6 cm, 88.6 ± 13 kg, 46.1 ± 3% fat, 33.3 ± 5 kg/m²) with clinically diagnosed knee OA participated in a 14-week exercise and weight loss program. Participants followed an isoenergenic low fat higher …

The Potential Role Of Innate Immunity In The Pathogenesis Of Post-Operative Adhesions, Jennell White

Wayne State University Dissertations

Post-operative adhesion development occurs in the vast majority of patients following abdominal surgery and is a natural occurrence of peritoneal-wound healing. These fibrous bands may form within the first 5-7 days post-surgery and have the ability to cause a distortion in the normal anatomical positioning of abdominal organs. Consequently, adhesions are major contributors to small bowel obstruction, infertility, and severe pelvic and abdominal pain. Physiological processes responsible for adhesion formation remain obscure though it is believed to involve cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation of several cell types including mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, and inflammatory and immune cells. Substances released from these …