Physiology Commons^™

Impact Of 10-Week Evidence–Based Falls Prevention Program On Outcomes Related To Falls Risk In Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Mark A. Schafer, Paula Upright, Jana Michalik, K. Jason Crandall

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(7): 1131-1141, 2023. This quasi-experimental study evaluated the impact of a 10-week evidence-based falls prevention program (Bingocize®) on self-reported fear of falling, general health, physical activity, social isolation, and avoidance behavior, in community-dwelling older adults in Virginia. Participants > 60 years of age (n= 481) attended Bingocize® group sessions twice per week for 10 weeks. The program combined conventional bingo with periodic strength, balance, flexibility exercises, and fall prevention education. Pre and post assessments gauged participants' self-perception of fear of falling, general health, physical activity, social isolation, and avoidance behavior. 481 participants attended at least 80% …

Does Acute Maximal Exercise Or Chronic Physical Activity Affect Circulating Angiotensin (1-9) Concentrations?, Kyle R. Weiman

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: Epidemiological evidence suggests physical inactivity can increase the likelihood of hospitalization from the SARS-COV-2 virus. Further, some data indicate a greater ratio of angiotensin 1-9 to angiotensin I helps prevent severe outcomes during infection. Moreover, related hormones can enhance potentially both physical activity and health. The purpose of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of angiotensin (1-9) are modified after a single exhaustive exercise bout and whether sex or chronic physical activity is associated with greater plasma concentrations.

Methods: Participants (n=14) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Antecubital area venipunctures were performed before, immediately …

Physical Activity Is Related To Mental Health And Sexual Orientation Among Women In College, Ellen M. Brooks, Oliver W.A. Wilson, Lucas Elliott, Michele Duffey, Melissa Bopp

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(5): 1347-1356, 2022. Non-heterosexual women tend to report lower physical activity and poorer mental health than their heterosexual counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in mental health (stress and depression) and physical activity among female college students by sexual orientation. Students self-reported socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms via an online survey. Correlations, independent samples t-tests, and multiple regression analyses were used to examine relationships between perceived stress, depressive symptoms, physical activity, and sexual orientation. Most participants (n = 1072, 20.0 ± 1.5 years) identified as heterosexual …

Impact Of A Family History Of Hypertension And Physical Activity On Left Ventricular Mass, Evan L. Matthews, Kerry N. Callaghan, Peter A. Hosick, Michael S. Brian

Research Data

A positive family history of hypertension (FHH) (+FHH) is associated with elevated left ventricular mass (LVM). Regular physical activity (PA) may eliminate differences in LVM between +FHH and negative family history of hypertension (-FHH) adults. PURPOSE: To determine if a +FHH is associated with a greater LVM compared to a -FHH group within a sample of young, mostly active healthy adults with and without statistically controlling for PA. METHODS: Healthy young (18-32yrs) participants self-reported FHH status and habitual moderate and vigorous PA frequency. Participants then underwent an echocardiogram. RESULTS: Of the 61 participants, 32 (M=11, W=21; non-active=8) reported -FHH and …

Physical Activity During Pregnancy May Mitigate Adverse Outcomes Resulting From Covid-19 And Distancing Regulations: Perspectives Of Prenatal Healthcare Providers In The Southern Region Of The United States, Taniya S. Nagpal, Jill Maples, Cathryn Duchette, Elizabeth A. Altizer, Rachel Tinius

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1138-1150, 2021. Prenatal physical activity (PA) may mitigate adverse outcomes that have increased as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, including poor maternal mental health. This study explored the perspectives of prenatal healthcare providers (PHCP) on maternal PA during the pandemic and identified resources providers would like to have to inform clinical discussions and prescription of PA. Semi-structured interviews were completed with PHCPs following a qualitative description approach. A content analysis coded data to inform three study objectives: 1. Changes to maternal health, 2. The role prenatal PA can have during a pandemic, 3. …

Examining The Feasibility Of Delivering A Multi-Component Virtual Lifestyle Medicine Program For Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Madison S. Hiemstra

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

BACKGROUND: The virtual delivery of lifestyle medicine programs (e.g., via web-conferencing platforms) can increase program accessibility for adults living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of virtually delivering a multi-component group-based lifestyle medicine program that uses wearable technologies and exercise prescriptions in an adult population with T2D. METHODS: This was a six-week, single-cohort feasibility study. The virtual lifestyle medicine program included live-video delivery of group education classes, one-on-one exercise counselling phone calls, flash glucose monitors, wearable activity monitors, and exercise prescriptions. Several feasibility outcomes were assessed including recruitment and retention rates, acceptability (e.g., exit survey), and …

The Physiological Effects Of Therapy Dogs During Exercise For Sedentary Adults, Josie Lynne Mazzone

All NMU Master's Theses

Previous research has shown therapy dogs may be utilized to attenuate heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses during various types of stressors due to an increase in oxytocin (OT) and decrease in cortisol (CL) production. These hormonal changes have also been shown to enhance exercise performance. Purpose: This study aimed to determine if physiological responses to exercise changed in the presence of a therapy dog for sedentary adults. Methods: Seven adult subjects (mean age of 30.86 ± 14.07 years) who self-reported less than 150 min of physical activity per week participated in a graded walking test with a …

Vo2, Liking, And Relative Reinforcing Value Of Cooperative And Competitive Exergame Play In Young Children, Jonathan B. Naylor, Beth J. Patton, Jacob E. Barkley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 1501-1511, 2020. The purpose of the current study was to examine physiologic response, liking, and relative reinforcing value (RRV) of children playing an exergame with a friend under two goal structures: competitive and cooperative. A sample of twenty participants (8.7 ± 1.3 years old) and a self-selected friend completed three conditions: rest, competitive, and cooperative play. During the competitive condition, participants played Nintendo Wii Tennis® against their friend. During cooperative play, participants and their friend played together against a computer avatar. During each condition, oxygen consumption (VO₂, ml∙kg-1∙min-1) and liking (visual analog …

Long-Term Tennis Participation And Health Outcomes: An Investigation Of “Lifetime” Activities, Katherine E. Spring, Megan E. Holmes, Johneric W. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(7): 1251-1261, 2020. Lifetime sports, such as tennis, provide opportunities for participation throughout the lifespan and has been linked with lower risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and depression. The objective of this study was to consider the influence of chronic tennis participation on various parameters of health. Members of the International Tennis Federation (ITF) completed a survey consisting of questions from International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Satisfaction With Life Survey (SWLS), and specific tennis participation questions. Descriptive characteristics were calculated for all variables and a chi-squared analysis was used …

Determining Perceptions To Electronically-Delivered, Personally-Adaptive, Multimedia Exercise Prompts For Middle-Age Adults, Paula-Marie M. Ferrara, Ethan T. Schaltegger, Cory Beaumont, Kelley Strohacker

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 979-995, 2020. Due to high interaction rates, smart devices are being utilized for mobile health (mHealth) interventions. Multimedia capabilities may be leveraged to improve mHealth exercise interventions. Our purpose was to explore individuals’ perceptions of multimedia exercise prompts tailored to their immediate mental/physical states. Using electronic surveys, respondents provided in-the-moment ratings of emotional state, energy, fatigue, physical discomfort, and thirst, with higher scores reflecting a higher “readiness to exercise” (i.e., if a person is currently in a pleasant mood with high energy and low discomfort, he/she is likely to have a greater capacity for …

Understanding The Effects Of Physical Activity On Executive Functioning And Psycho-Emotional Well-Being In Children With Adhd, Hannah B. Bigelow

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

A short bout of physical activity has been shown to improve executive functioning in children. However, the implications for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been understudied. We examined the impact of a 10min bout of physical activity on executive functioning and psycho-emotional well-being in children with ADHD. Participants engaged in two lab-based sessions separated by 1-week: a physical activity session and a control session. The physical activity session included a 10min bout of moderate-intensity biking, with a pre-post battery of cognitive and psycho-emotional assessments. The control session consisted of 10mins of silent reading. We used functional imaging …

Relation Of Flt-1 And Endothelial Function In Women Soon After Delivery: Effect Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior, Chloe W. Caudell

Senior Theses

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are believed to be caused by poor placental formation. APOs can be characterized by elevated levels of a circulating Fms-like tyrosine kinase biomarker called Flt-1, produced by the placenta when its blood vessels are shallow or inadequately formed. Flt-1 acts directly on the maternal endothelium to impair vascular function during pregnancy and contributes to maternal features of APOs. This study aimed to evaluate the relation of Flt-1 and endothelial function in women soon after delivery. This study also aimed to evaluate the relation of Flt-1 and physical activity and sedentary behavior in women during and soon …

Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Modality On Cognition And Fitness In Breast Cancer Survivors, Julie A. Larsen, Judy Knuth

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 1023-1033, 2019. Although cognitive dysfunction is a common occurrence among breast cancer survivors, there is no widely recognized intervention for this debilitating condition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether floor/step aerobics (FSA) and/or treadmill walking (TMW) interventions can improve outcomes when compared to standard care (STC). Recent breast cancer survivors participated in 12 weeks of FSA (n=8), TMW (n=7), or STC (n=10) with pre/post assessments of cognition and fitness. Interaction effects between group and time were assessed with repeated measures ANOVA. Throughout the extent of …

The Relationship Between Habitual Physical Activity And Food Choices, Safiya E. Beckford

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Physical activity (PA) and exercise aid in prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Previous research has demonstrated a J-shaped curve between activity level and food intake, but minimal research examines whether PA and exercise affect food choices. As such, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between habitual PA and exercise with food choices. 174 participants completed an electronic survey involving a series of binary choices among food options (aided by visual food cues) with varying reward values and time points. Participants also completed monetary binary choice questions and an exercise and activity questionnaire, with …

Validation Of Piezorx Pedometer Derived Sedentary Time, Katelynn Donahoe, Dany Macdonald, Mark Tremblay, Travis Saunders

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 552-560, 2018. Although pedometers are valid tools for measuring physical activity, to date they have not been used to assess sedentary time. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the PiezoRx pedometer is a valid and reliable measure of sedentary time compared to the hip-worn Actical accelerometer. A secondary purpose was to compare sedentary time derived via the Fitbit Flex with that of the Actical. Finally, a third purpose was to compare sedentary time derived from the above devices, with that of the ActivPAL inclinometer. Thirty-five participants ages 11-69 years (M …

The Influence Of An Environmental Cue And Exercise On Food Consumption In College Students, Samantha J. Hackbart †, James D. Lecheminant‡, John D. Smith‡, Curt L. Lox‡

Curt Lox

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an environmental cue (bowl size) on food consumption and to examine the influence of exercise on that relationship. This cross-sectional study included 286 college students attending a large Midwestern University. Upon arrival at an ice cream social for university students, participants were randomly given a small (8 oz) or large (12 oz) bowl and a 4-page survey addressing exercise and eating habits. At the social, participants were invited to dish themselves as much ice cream as they wanted and the amount consumed was determined by weighing the bowl with …

Review Of Physical Activity Benefits And Potential Considerations For Individuals With Surgical Fusion Of Spine For Scoliosis, Rumit S. Kakar, Kathy J. Simpson, Bhibha M. Das, Cathleen N. Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 166-177, 2017 Evidence-based recommendations for physical activity following spinal fusion surgeries for idiopathic scoliosis are limited, specifically in the adolescent population. Individuals with scoliosis treated operatively or non-operatively have been reported to participate in less than 1-3 days/week of even mildly strenuous physical exercises. Over 40% of individuals with scoliosis returned to sports at a level lower than pre-operative participation levels or did not return at all post spinal fusion. It is particularly important for human movement specialists, such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, athletic trainers and kinesiologists to assist these individuals effectively transition …

Adolescents And Self-Reported Physical Activity: An Evaluation Of The Modified Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, Jacqueline Zelener, Margaret Schneider

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(5): 587-598, 2016. The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire assesses self-reported physical activity (PA) among adults, and was later modified for children. However, the modified version (Godin-Child Questionnaire) has not been validated among adolescents. This study evaluates the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the Godin-Child Questionnaire among adolescents. The study participants, sixth graders (age M= 11.06 ± 0.436; 48% males, 48% Latino), were assessed at 2 time points (fall and spring: N= 139). First, the study determined whether adolescents accurately reported exercise intensity based on adolescents' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during moderate- and hard-intensity …

Seasonal Variation In The Distribution Of Daily Stepping In 11-13 Year Old School Children, Paul Mccrorie, Elaine Duncan, Malcolm Granat, Benedict Stansfield

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(4): 358-371, 2015. Seasonality studies in adolescent’s physical activity (PA) tend to report total PA (e.g. steps/day) rather than more specific detail such as steps/hour. This study compared the detailed changes in PA between seasons. Thirty three adolescents (baseline age 12.2 ± 0.3y) wore the activPAL activity monitor for 8 days on two occasions. Steps/day were higher in summer (Mdn = 12,879) than winter (Mdn = 10,512), p.05), however, boys had significantly higher step counts in summer between ’13:00-14:00’ (p=.023), ’19:00-20:00’ (p=.032) and ‘20:00-21:00’ (p=.023). Total steps/day masked sex differences within specific hours of the …

Greater Physiological Responses While Playing Xbox Kinect Compared To Nintendo Wii, Derek W. Marks, Lauren Rispen, Gabriel Calara

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2): 164-173, 2015. Increasing popularity of active video game use as a mode of physical activity prompted this investigation into the physiological differences to playing the Nintendo Wii^TM and XBox Kinect^TM. Differences in motion capture technology between these systems suggests that using one may result in different movement patterns, and therefore physiological responses, than the other. The purpose of this study was to compare the average (10 minute) and peak heart rate (HR, bpm), oxygen consumption (VO₂ mL ^. kg^{-1 .} min^-1), and energy expenditure (EE, kcal …

Executive Function Relationships To Sitting Time And Physical Activity: A Pilot Study, Megan E. Mcclendon, Mark D. Faries, Jessica Thompson, Danielle Cofield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Executive function (EF) refers to the neurocognitive perspective of supervisory abilities to self-regulate during goal-direct behavior. More specifically, the ability to attend to and inhibit dominant responses (i.e. Attention/Inhibition) has been found to moderate the intention and physical activity (PA) relationship, yet does not appear to relate to PA. However, this EF is related to other health behaviors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption (i.e. behaviors to be inhibited). The lack of relationship to PA might be due to it being a behavior that is not to be inhibited, compared to a behavior that should be inhibited (e.g. sitting time). …

The Energy Expenditure Of Recreational Ballroom Dance, D. E. Lankford, T. W. Bennion, J. King, N. Hessing, L Lee, D. P. Heil

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 228-235, 2014. The popularity of recreational ballroom dancing has increased dramatically in recent years. Yet, relatively little information is known regarding the physiological demands of ballroom dancing. The purpose of this study was to determine the energy requirements for recreational ballroom dancing. 24 participants volunteered including 12 women (mean ± SD: 21 ± 3 yrs, 165.8 ± 7.4 cm, 56.8 ± 11.1 kg) and 12 men (23 ± 1 yr, 175.5 ± 8.4 cm, 78.1 ± 15.6 kg). Gas exchange was recorded using a portable metabolic system during a series of five ballroom …

Releasing The Anti-Inflammatory Potential Of Paralysed Skeletal Muscle: The Circulating Cytokine Response To Voluntary Upper-Limb Exercise With/Without The Addition Of Functional Electrical Stimulation (Fes)-Evoked Lower-Limb Contractions, Thomas Aw Paulson, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey, Brett M. Smith, Nicolette C. Bishop

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle is a rich store of inflammatory mediating ‘myokines’. Following release from contracting muscle, the myokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes a circulating anti-inflammatory environment associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The metabolic and functional consequences of lower-limb paralysis, including the gain in relative adiposity and physical inactivity, result in a high prevalence of CVD in individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the magnitude of any contraction-induced myokine response in this population may be limited by the small active muscle mass of the upper-limb. The combination of voluntary, upper-limb exercise and involuntary, functional electrical stimulation (FES)-evoked …

Averting Uncertainty: A Practical Guide To Physical Activity Research In Australian Schools, Jerome N. Rachele, Thomas F. Cuddihy, Tracy L. Washington, Steven M. Mcphail

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Preventative health has become central to contemporary health care, identifying youth physical activity as a key factor in determining health and functioning. Schools offer a unique research setting due to distinctive methodological circumstances. However, school-based researchers face several obstacles in their endeavour to complete successful research investigations; often confronted with complex research designs and methodological procedures that are not easily amenable to school contexts. The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical guide for teachers (both teacher educators and teaching practitioners) seeking to conduct physical activity-based research in Australian school settings, as well as discuss research practices. The …

Exercise Knowledge, Exercise Beliefs, Physical Activity Engagement And Physical Function In Older Adults, Nicole E. Priest, Amy M. White, James B. Geeslin, Matthew J. Garver, Libby E. Mccurley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Historically, recall surveys have been used to gather information about exercise knowledge and beliefs (EKB) and physical activity (PA). There seems to be a disconnect between what people know and believe about exercise and the choices they make about engaging in exercise. Advancements in the capacity to capture verifiable PA data have greatly improved with application of accelerometers. The ability to objectively verify PA makes reexamining the relationship between EKB and both PA and physical function (PF) worthwhile. The aim of this investigation was to revisit the relationship between EKB and PA and PF in older adults using recall surveys …

Physical Activity Among Mexicans And Mexican Americans In An Ecologic Systems Framework, Rebecca E. Lee, Lorna Mcneill, Lucie Levesque, Cynthia M. Castro, Edtna Jauregui

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: To operationalize the Ecologic Model of Physical Activity (EMPA) in an environmental and cultural context born in Mexico, but broadly adopted by Mexican Americans in the USA. Methods: Participant observation occurred over an immersive, ten month period in Jalisco, Baja California South, and the Distrito Federal, Mexico. Numerous meetings with researchers, school personnel, state health departments, and residents helped define environmental factors, cultural values, and the political context of Mexico. The EMPA was adapted to include examples from physical activity resources, health care settings and behavioral interventions. Results: Mexico is a middle income country leapfrogging from traditional physical activities …

Physical Activity Among Asian American Adults: Data From The 2010 Health Of Houston Survey, Dennis Kao, Amy Carvalho, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The Asian American population represents the fastest growing minority groups in the US; yet, little is still known about physical activity (PA) among Asian Americans. This study examines PA among Asian American adults living in the Houston, TX area. Methods: Data on adults aged 18 and over were drawn from the Health of Houston Survey 2010—a population-based survey focused in the city of Houston and Harris County. PA was operationalized in two ways: number of moderate leisure-time PA days in the past week; and meeting CDC recommendations for aerobic exercise. Multivariate regression models (negative binomial and logistic) were used …

Physical Activity Interventions Among Hispanics: A Re-Aim Review, Karla Ivette Galaviz, Samantha Harden, Fabio Almeida, Kacie Allen, Maggie Berrey, Scherezade Mama, Erin Smith, Rebecca Lee, Paul Estabrooks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: To determine the degree to which physical activity interventions for Hispanic populations reported on both internal and external validity factors using the RE-AIM framework (reach & representativeness, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance). Methods: We systematically identified English (PubMed; EbscoHost) and Spanish (SCIELO; Biblioteca Virtual en Salud) language studies published between 2001 and 2012 that tested physical activity, exercise, or fitness promotion interventions in Hispanic populations. We reviewed 142 abstracts and identified 40 studies that met the eligibility criteria (27 in English and 13 in Spanish). A validated 21-item RE-AIM abstraction tool was used …

The Us National Collaborative On Childhood Obesity Research (Nccor) Measures Registry, David Berrigan, Jill Reedy

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: The US National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research (NCCOR) is a collaborative effort among the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US National Institutes of Health, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the US Department of Agriculture. The Measures Registry, released April 2011, is one of NCCOR’s new research tools.

Methods: To develop the Measures Registry—a searchable online tool of childhood obesity measures—NCCOR conducted a literature review of all articles with relevant measures published between 2004 and 2010. Measures were categorized according to four domains: individual dietary behavior, individual physical activity behavior, food environment, and …

Relationship Between Dyslipidemia And Physical Activity In Mexican Children, Armando Avila-Rodríguez, Elias H. Avila-Rodriguez, Jesus M. Araujo-Contreras, Efren Rivas-Avila, Rebecca E. Lee, Luis J. Rodriguez-Ortega, Nohe Vargas-Chavez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between physical activity and lipid levels in children 10 to 13 years of age living in Durango, Mexico. Method: Cross-sectional study performed in 823 children (n=428, 52% boys; n=395, 48% girls) enrolled in nine elementary schools. Physical activity was monitored in two ways: a) a questionnaire was used to obtain information about physical activity done in the previous week, and b) steps were counted for 24 hours with a Yamax SW-200 pedometer. A subsample of 425 children provided serum samples to determine total-cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and …