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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Bringing Toxicology Into The 21st Century: A Global Call To Action, Troy Seidle, Martin Stephens
Bringing Toxicology Into The 21st Century: A Global Call To Action, Troy Seidle, Martin Stephens
Martin Stephens, PhD
Conventional toxicological testing methods are often decades old, costly and low-throughput, with questionable relevance to the human condition. Several of these factors have contributed to a backlog of chemicals that have been inadequately assessed for toxicity. Some authorities have responded to this challenge by implementing large-scale testing programmes. Others have concluded that a paradigm shift in toxicology is warranted. One such call came in 2007 from the United States National Research Council (NRC), which articulated a vision of ‘‘21st century toxicology” based predominantly on non-animal techniques. Potential advantages of such an approach include the capacity to examine a far greater …
Bringing Toxicology Into The 21st Century: A Global Call To Action, Troy Seidle, Martin Stephens
Bringing Toxicology Into The 21st Century: A Global Call To Action, Troy Seidle, Martin Stephens
Troy Seidle, PhD
Conventional toxicological testing methods are often decades old, costly and low-throughput, with questionable relevance to the human condition. Several of these factors have contributed to a backlog of chemicals that have been inadequately assessed for toxicity. Some authorities have responded to this challenge by implementing large-scale testing programmes. Others have concluded that a paradigm shift in toxicology is warranted. One such call came in 2007 from the United States National Research Council (NRC), which articulated a vision of ‘‘21st century toxicology” based predominantly on non-animal techniques. Potential advantages of such an approach include the capacity to examine a far greater …
Exposure Assessment And Risk Management Of Engineered Nanoparticles : Investigation In Semiconductor Wafer Processing, Michele Shepard
Exposure Assessment And Risk Management Of Engineered Nanoparticles : Investigation In Semiconductor Wafer Processing, Michele Shepard
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are currently used in hundreds of commercial products and industrial processes, with more applications being investigated. Nanomaterials have unique properties that differ from bulk materials. While these properties may enable technological advancements, the potential risks of ENMs to people and the environment are not yet fully understood. Certain low solubility nanoparticles are more toxic than their bulk material, such that existing occupational exposure limits may not be sufficiently protective for workers. Risk assessments are currently challenging due to gaps in data on the numerous emerging materials and applications as well as method uncertainties and limitations.
The Speciation Of Metals In Mammals Influences Their Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics And Therefore Human Health Risk Assessment, Robert A. Yokel, Stephen M. Lasley, David C. Dorman
The Speciation Of Metals In Mammals Influences Their Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics And Therefore Human Health Risk Assessment, Robert A. Yokel, Stephen M. Lasley, David C. Dorman
Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications
Chemical form (i.e., species) can influence metal toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and should be considered to improve human health risk assessment. Factors that influence metal speciation (and examples) include: (1) carrier-mediated processes for specific metal species (arsenic, chromium, lead and manganese), (2) valence state (arsenic, chromium, manganese and mercury), (3) particle size (lead and manganese), (4) the nature of metal binding ligands (aluminum, arsenic, chromium, lead, and manganese), (5) whether the metal is an organic versus inorganic species (arsenic, lead, and mercury), and (6) biotransformation of metal species (aluminum, arsenic, chromium, lead, manganese and mercury). The influence of speciation on metal …
Over A Decade Of Comparative Risk Analysis: A Review Of The Human Health Rankings, David M. Konisky
Over A Decade Of Comparative Risk Analysis: A Review Of The Human Health Rankings, David M. Konisky
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The author reviews a method for undertaking a cross-project comparison of comparative risk analyses to understand which environmental problem areas have been cited most as often posing the severest risks.
Review Of: National Research Council, Issues In Risk Assessment, Diane M. Albert
Review Of: National Research Council, Issues In Risk Assessment, Diane M. Albert
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of: National Research Council, Issues in Risk Assessment (National Academy Press). Appendices, executive summary, figures, preface, references, tables. LC 92-61838; ISBN 0-309-04786-2. [374 pp. Paper $37.50 - S&H, $4 for first and $0.50 for each additional copy. 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20418.]