Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Series

2000

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication

Articles 1 - 8 of 8

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health

The Toxicology Of Aluminum In The Brain: A Review, Robert A. Yokel Oct 2000

The Toxicology Of Aluminum In The Brain: A Review, Robert A. Yokel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Aluminum is environmentally ubiquitous, providing human exposure. Usual human exposure is primarily dietary. The potential for significant Al absorption from the nasal cavity and direct distribution into the brain should be further investigated. Decreased renal function increases human risk of Al-induced accumulation and toxicity. Brain Al entry from blood may involve transferrin-receptor mediated endocytosis and a more rapid process transporting small molecular weight Al species. There appears to be Al efflux from the brain, probably as Al citrate. There is prolonged retention of a fraction of Al that enters the brain, suggesting the potential for accumulation with repeated exposure. Al …

Go to article

Effects Of Chronic Fluoranthene Exposure On Sibling Species Of Capitella With Different Development Modes, Inez Linke-Gamenick, Valery E. Forbes, Nuria Méndez Sep 2000

Effects Of Chronic Fluoranthene Exposure On Sibling Species Of Capitella With Different Development Modes, Inez Linke-Gamenick, Valery E. Forbes, Nuria Méndez

Valery Forbes Publications

Toxic effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene (FLU) on life-history traits and their demographic consequences were investigated in 3 non-interbreeding Capitella sibling species with different physiological tolerances and developmental modes: sensitive Capitella sp. S from oxygen-rich intertidal sediments of the North Sea (Germany); tolerant Capitella sp. M from sediments near shallow hydrothermal vents off Milos (Greece), a habitat low in organic matter with steep abiotic gradients and high sulfide concentrations; tolerant Capitella sp. I from New York (USA), known to dominate eutrophicated/polluted environments. Both Capitella spp. M and I can develop into hermaphrodites and have lecithotrophic larval development. In …

Go to article

Japanese Use Of Beni-Tengu-Dake (Amanita Muscaria) And The Efficacy Of Traditional Detoxification Methods, Allan Grady Phipps Mar 2000

Japanese Use Of Beni-Tengu-Dake (Amanita Muscaria) And The Efficacy Of Traditional Detoxification Methods, Allan Grady Phipps

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The poisonous fruiting bodies of Amanita muscaria (L. ex Fr.) Pers, ex Hook, are harvested by rural inhabitants of Sanada Town, Japan. These mountain villagers consume beni-tengu-take as a local delicacy, despite its potential hallucinogenic effects. The Japanese use several methods to detoxify beni-tengu-take, but believe pickling the mushrooms to be the safest. Other methods of preparation include grilling and drying the mushrooms. I documented the preparation and consumption of each detoxification method through local interviews with Japanese informants. I then used ion-interaction rp-HPLC to quantify the hallucinogenic compounds, ibotenic acid and muscimol, and determined the efficacy of each traditional …

Go to article

Effects Of Fluoranthene And Ambient Oxygen Levels On Survival And Metabolism In Three Sibling Species Of Capitella (Polychaeta), Inez Linke-Gamenick, Bent Vismann, Valery E. Forbes Mar 2000

Effects Of Fluoranthene And Ambient Oxygen Levels On Survival And Metabolism In Three Sibling Species Of Capitella (Polychaeta), Inez Linke-Gamenick, Bent Vismann, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

The successful persistence of Capitella spp. in disturbed and/or oil-polluted habitats is widely known, but demographic adaptations might be only part of the explanation and little is known about differences among species. The present study investigates ecophysiological effects of the common PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) fluoranthene (FLU) on juvenile and adult survival, comparing 3 sibling species of Capitella (Polychaeta; Capitellidae). Subsequently, the influence of FLU on the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in the most 'sensitive' species, Capitella sp. S, and most 'tolerant' species, Capitella sp. I, was assessed. Oxygen uptake and internal succinate concentration (an indicator of anaerobic metabolism) were …

Go to article

Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning Feb 2000

Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used to treat severe Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis is increasing worldwide. We assessed the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolates of human and animal origin. More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons. Analysis of these integrons will further our understanding of Campylobacter spp. epidemiology.

Go to article

Review Of Genes And The Environment By R. H. Burdon, Valery E. Forbes Jan 2000

Review Of Genes And The Environment By R. H. Burdon, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

How diverse aspects of an organism’s environment influence the structure and function of its genes is of profound importance for understanding the molecular basis of evolution as well as the causes of disease, cancer and aging. Genes and the Environment addresses these issues from a molecular biological perspective. The author covers both natural environmental influences, such as extreme temperatures and water stress, as well as humancaused environmental influences, such as exposure to toxic chemicals. The author makes an effort to compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems and highlights distinctions between major groups of eukaryotes e.g., plants versus animals. to …

Go to article

Ambient Toxicity Of Water Samples From Four Locations In The Elizabeth River : A Comparison Of Species Sensitivities, Morris H. Roberts, Peter F. De Lisle Jan 2000

Ambient Toxicity Of Water Samples From Four Locations In The Elizabeth River : A Comparison Of Species Sensitivities, Morris H. Roberts, Peter F. De Lisle

Reports

In the present study, the objective was to evaluate four species for relative sensitivity when challenged with ambient water from four locations in the Elizabeth River, ranging from locations considered to be free of toxicity to an area known to have copper concentrations that exceeded water quality standards in past sampling.

Go to article

Modulation Of The Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Proteins By Polyethylene Glycol Conjugation, Reza Mehvar Jan 2000

Modulation Of The Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Proteins By Polyethylene Glycol Conjugation, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

With the rapid advances in the field of biotechnology during the last decade, many peptides and proteins have been produced and evaluated for therapy of various diseases, including cancer. However, rapid clearance and the possibility of immunogenicity after the in vivo administration of these biotechnology-driven products have impeded their marketing. To circumvent these problems, synthetic and natural polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextrans, respectively, have been covalently attached to proteins, and some of these protein-polymer conjugates have shown promising therapeutic results. The conjugation of proteins with polymers usually causes a reduction in the recognition of the protein by …

Go to article