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Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition Commons™
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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition
In Vitro Analysis Of Short Chain Fatty Acids And Human Fecal Microbiota Stimulated By Pectin Sources, Byungjick Min
In Vitro Analysis Of Short Chain Fatty Acids And Human Fecal Microbiota Stimulated By Pectin Sources, Byungjick Min
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
As interest increases for colonic health, various studies have been conducted to investigate functional ingredients for host health and prevention of chronic disease in humans such as colon cancer and Type 2 diabetes. In particular dietary fiber has been reported to have beneficial effects on colonic health. More recently, dietary fiber has been categorized based on its characteristics and numerous studies have been conducted to determine correlations with chronic diseases. Pectin is a naturally occurring biopolymer that has been used in various applications for purposes of pharmaceutical and biotechnology. Pectin is a soluble dietary fiber and can be entirely fermented …
Effect Of Functional Starch In Brown Rice And Grain Sorghum On Plasma Glucose And Insulin Responses In Humans, Nicole Marie Poquette
Effect Of Functional Starch In Brown Rice And Grain Sorghum On Plasma Glucose And Insulin Responses In Humans, Nicole Marie Poquette
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Diabetes and obesity are chronic illnesses increasing at dramatic rates in the U.S. and around the world. Research has looked to prevent or control diabetes and obesity through functional ingredients such as healthy-dietary carbohydrates to control blood glucose levels. Starch is a principle carbohydrate, which influences blood glucose levels, and measuring starch digestibility fractions can help predict the glucose response in the body. The objectives of this study were to investigate the functional starch content of parboiled brown rice flour and grain sorghum flour, and measure the effects on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels of 14 and 10 healthy …
Activation Of Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes: Effects On Adipocyte Differentiation And Lipolysis, Jaanki Shamb Purohit
Activation Of Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes: Effects On Adipocyte Differentiation And Lipolysis, Jaanki Shamb Purohit
Masters Theses
Obesity, defined as having excess adipose tissue, is associated with chronic inflammation. Adipose tissue is made up of many cell types, including preadipocytes and adipocytes. Both preadipocytes and adipocytes express pattern recognition receptors that play important roles in innate immunity. Two families of pattern recognition receptors that have been studied in adipose tissue are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Activation of TLR2 and TLR4 has been shown to lead to proinflammatory response in adipocytes, which is shown to suppress adipocyte differentiation and stimulate lipolysis, one of the major physiological functions of adipocytes. However, the effects of NOD activation …
Regulation Of Apolipoprotein C-Iii Gene Expression By Nuclear Receptors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha And Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor Ii, But Not Retinoids In Hepatic Cells, Meredith Lee Howell
Masters Theses
Retinoic acid (RA) treatment induces hyperlipidemia in humans and animals. RA regulates the expression levels of various genes through the induction, repression, or coactivation of nuclear receptors, mediating its effects. RA-induced hyperlipidemia has been attributed to the induction of apolipoprotein CIII (gene, Apoc3), which inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL). We have shown that vitamin A (VA) status and retinoid treatment regulates hepatic lipogenic gene expression, suggesting that the induction of lipogenic genes may also contribute to hyperlipidemia. To test the hypothesis that retinoids may not affect Apoc3 expression, we analyzed the expression levels of Apoc3 mRNA in response to …
An Evaluation Of The Nontarget Effects Of Transgenic Bacillus Thuringiensis Maize On Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In The Soil Ecosystem, Tanya Elizabeth Amy Cheeke
An Evaluation Of The Nontarget Effects Of Transgenic Bacillus Thuringiensis Maize On Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In The Soil Ecosystem, Tanya Elizabeth Amy Cheeke
Dissertations and Theses
My dissertation research examined the effect of the cultivation of insect-resistant Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize on the soil environment with a goal of understanding how to obtain a balance between technological advancement and maintenance of a healthy soil ecosystem. Although Bt plants may help to reduce pesticide use, conferring benefits to farm workers and the environment, there are still unresolved questions about how the cultivation of Bt plants affects soil organisms. For this dissertation project, I used 14 different genotypes of Bt maize and non-Bt maize (Zea mays) to investigate the effects of transgenic Bt plants on the colonization ability, …
The Effects Of Age On Muscle Loss And Tissue-Specific Levels Of Nf-ĸb And Sirt6 Proteins In Rats, Tiev C. Laguire
The Effects Of Age On Muscle Loss And Tissue-Specific Levels Of Nf-ĸb And Sirt6 Proteins In Rats, Tiev C. Laguire
Master's Theses
The objective of this study was to examine the influence of age on food intake, tissue and organ mass and NF-ĸB and SIRT6 levels in various tissues. The transcription factor, Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-ĸB), is associated with both catabolic and anabolic pathways of muscle metabolism and may be involved in age-related muscle loss. SIRT6 is a member of the sirtuin family of proteins that function as protein lysine deacetylases and are associated with longevity in a number of organisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6 months (Adult) and 21 months (Old) were fed a commercially available diet for 10-17 days. Old …
Associations Between Alcohol Consumption And Fasting Blood Glucose In Young Adults, Julie Ann Lucca
Associations Between Alcohol Consumption And Fasting Blood Glucose In Young Adults, Julie Ann Lucca
Master's Theses
Current research shows moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of diabetes and excessive consumption or binge drinking can cause insulin resistance and diabetes. In 2010, diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the United Statesand was responsible for significant health complications: blindness, kidney failure, and limb amputations, and is a large national economic burden. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) is a tool used to help diagnose diabetes. Abnormally high FBG, ≥100 mg/dl, is indicative of diabetes and pre-diabetes. Few studies have observed diabetic prevalence among young adults or college students. Studying young adults can help provide added …
Role Of Retinoids In The Regulation Of Hepatic Glucose And Lipid Metabolism, Rui Li
Role Of Retinoids In The Regulation Of Hepatic Glucose And Lipid Metabolism, Rui Li
Doctoral Dissertations
The liver plays an important role in controlling glucose and lipid homeostasis. Metabolic abnormalities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes are often associated with profound changes in the expression of genes involved in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dietary nutrients provide us with macronutrients for energy and micronutrients for maintenance of general health. However, the effects of individual micronutrients on the development of metabolic diseases are unknown. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is the master regulator of fatty acid synthesis, and glucokinase (GK) is the key enzyme in glucose metabolism. Based on the preliminary results from our laboratory …
Physio-Chemical And Sensory Properties Of A Nutrient-Fortified Extruded Product, Tajudini Lassissi Akande
Physio-Chemical And Sensory Properties Of A Nutrient-Fortified Extruded Product, Tajudini Lassissi Akande
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Protein malnutrition is responsible for half the deaths of children under the age of five each year in developing countries. More than 4%, 26%, and 70% of children with protein malnutrition live in Latin America/the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia, respectively. The objective of this research was to develop a novel snack made with millet, black eye bean (from Niger Republic), and rice flour fortified with soybean meal protein using extrusion technology. Proximate analysis of the four flours was carried out to determine their chemical composition. Central composite design (CCD) was used to obtain best extrusion conditions to develop a protein-enriched …
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Ligands Of The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Promote Adipocyte-Mediated Diabetes, Nicki A. Baker
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Ligands Of The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Promote Adipocyte-Mediated Diabetes, Nicki A. Baker
Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences
Numerous epidemiology studies suggest a correlation between exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the development and severity of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, mechanisms remain largely unknown. Previous studies demonstrated that PCBs that are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) promote the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), that are linked to insulin resistance in adipocytes. To explore potential mechanisms linking PCB exposures to diabetes, we developed a mouse model of glucose and insulin intolerance induced by acute and chronic exposures to PCB-77. We hypothesized that PCB ligands of AhR result in adipocyte-specific elevations in TNF-α …