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Articles 31 - 60 of 76
Full-Text Articles in Nutrition
Stability Of Added Folic Acid In Micronutrient-Fortified Rice Using Different Cooking Techniques And Storage Conditions, Shintaro Pang, Dr. Michael Dunn
Stability Of Added Folic Acid In Micronutrient-Fortified Rice Using Different Cooking Techniques And Storage Conditions, Shintaro Pang, Dr. Michael Dunn
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Rice is the main staple in many people’s diet, accounting for 80% of the daily caloric intake of 3 billion people. Studies also show that folate intake is insufficient worldwide (Schoenlechner et al 2010). This is of much concern because folate deficiency is linked to many serious disorders, such as megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects in newborns (Steur et al 2010). In order to remedy this problem, folate concentrations in many foods, including rice has been well analyzed. However, the stability of folic acid in rice is less known. This information is of interest because folic acid is very …
Selenium Toxicity In C57bl/6 Mice, Lauren Nielson, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Selenium Toxicity In C57bl/6 Mice, Lauren Nielson, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of my ORCA project was to determine the highest intake of selenomethylcysteine mice could consume without it being toxic to them. Selenium has been shown to have preventative effects on the progression of prostate cancer, so determining the optimum dosage of selenomethylcysteine (the most absorabable form of selenium) is essential for future research on this topic.
Optimization And Standardization Of The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (Orac) Assay, Richard Low, Dr. Tory Parker
Optimization And Standardization Of The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (Orac) Assay, Richard Low, Dr. Tory Parker
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Antioxidants, when consumed, have the ability to neutralize free radicals, suggesting their presence may protect human physiology from destructive oxidative processes1. Several assays have been developed that quantify the antioxidant capacity of compounds, and one assay that is commonly utilized by researchers and industry is the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay2. Despite its popularity, significant differences in reported ORAC values occur between laboratories, leading to difficulties in comparing research. Dr. Parker and his lab conducted a series of tests to attempt to standardize and optimize the ORAC assay.
Do The Antioxidants In Chocolate Interact Synergistically With The Antioxidants In Strawberries?, Kevin Lowder, Dr. Tory Parker
Do The Antioxidants In Chocolate Interact Synergistically With The Antioxidants In Strawberries?, Kevin Lowder, Dr. Tory Parker
Journal of Undergraduate Research
This project was a very meaningful experience for me, as it allowed me to work closely with my mentor with the goal of publication in a scientific journal. I had approached Dr. Parker about working in his lab prior to applying for an ORCA grant, so it was good that we already had established a rapport before working on this project.
Lactose Hydrolysis As A Method For Reducing Added Sugar In Chocolate Milk, Eric Engstrom
Lactose Hydrolysis As A Method For Reducing Added Sugar In Chocolate Milk, Eric Engstrom
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Milk is a nutrient dense food that cannot be utilized easily by those with lactose intolerance. Lactose-hydrolysis is a process through which the native lactose in milk is enzymatically converted into its constituent sugars, glucose and galactose. Because this process digests the lactose in milk, the milk can then be digested by consumers with lactose intolerance without adverse affect (Somkuti, 1997). This conversion results in a sweeter product (Fennema, 2008).
Cholesterol Oxidation Products In Stored Egg Powder, Jonathan Swindler, Dr. Michelle Lloyd
Cholesterol Oxidation Products In Stored Egg Powder, Jonathan Swindler, Dr. Michelle Lloyd
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cholesterol Oxidation Products (COPs) are a family of 27-carbon cholesterol oxidation derivatives that are formed from the auto-oxidation of cholesterol. They can result in food from high-temperature processing and storage. COPs have a variety of cytotoxic effects and are believed to be involved with major chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative processes, diabetes, and kidney failure (Sottero and others 2007).
Microbial Degradation Of Folic Acid In Micronutrient Fortified Corn Masa, Brandon Jahner, Dr. Michael Dunn
Microbial Degradation Of Folic Acid In Micronutrient Fortified Corn Masa, Brandon Jahner, Dr. Michael Dunn
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Pregnant women who consume the recommended micronutrient level of folic acid can reduce the incidence of newborn neural tube defects (NTD), like spina bifida and ancelephthy, by up to 70% (Yang et al., 2002). Hispanic women with the highest rates of NTD births, also have the lowest consumption of enriched grain products (Yang et al., 2002). In recent research conducted by Brigham Young University (BYU) faculty and students, corn tortillas were shown to be an effective vehicle for micronutrient fortification (Burton et al., 2008). Tortillas made with grains such as corn masa are considered an especially good micronutrient delivery medium …
Folic Acid Awareness Among Byu Females, Natasha Bushnell, Mariana Chiriac, Nora Nyland
Folic Acid Awareness Among Byu Females, Natasha Bushnell, Mariana Chiriac, Nora Nyland
Journal of Undergraduate Research
One of the B vitamins, folic acid is involved in DNA synthesis in the human body. This nutrient becomes crucial during the embrionic development of the fetus during a pregnancy. A maternal deficiency of folic acid, added to a genetic predisposition, has been linked to the development of neural tube defects in the fetus (e.g. spina bifida and anencephaly). These conditions re results of an incomplete development of the central nervous system, causing 2500 to 3000 infants in the US to be physically and mentally impaired every year.
Identification Of A Rat Gene Regulated By Dietary Selenium, Chris Cowdell
Identification Of A Rat Gene Regulated By Dietary Selenium, Chris Cowdell
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Various genes have been discovered which are regulated by the dietary Intake of the trace element Selenium (Se).Some of these genes code for such enzymes as glutathione peroxidase (GP J Type I iodothyronine 5′ delodinase (IDI), and selenoproteln P (Se-P). GP, is an enzyme (a selenoenzyme) which Incorporates Se in place of sulfur within residues of the amino acid cysteine. GP, Is active In the assistance of free radical elimination throughout the body by converting hydrogen peroxide (H,02 ) to oxygen (02) and water (H20). IDI is a selenoenzyme which catalyzes the conversion of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4) …
Selenium Supplementation Does Not Affect The Activity Of The Enzyme 8-Oxoguanine Dna Glycosylase, Benjamin J. Wycherly, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Selenium Supplementation Does Not Affect The Activity Of The Enzyme 8-Oxoguanine Dna Glycosylase, Benjamin J. Wycherly, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Highly reactive oxygen species produce DNA lesions, which are postulated to cause cancer. A particularly common lesion is that of an oxidized guanine residue, 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHdG). This base is of particular concern because it can mispair with adenine during replication causing a mutation from G:C to A:T. This transversion is found frequently in human cancers.
Selenium Regulation Of Nf-Κb Binding In Cancerous Human Prostate Epithelial Cells, Wayne K. Nelson, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Selenium Regulation Of Nf-Κb Binding In Cancerous Human Prostate Epithelial Cells, Wayne K. Nelson, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
According to the National Cancer Institute, prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed nonskin cancer in men. In 1997 alone, it is estimated that 209,900 men were diagnosed as having the disease. Prostate cancer is also the second leading cause of cancer related death in the United States and, in 1997, claimed the lives of an estimated 41,800 people (1).
The Effect Of Selenium And Thyroid Hormones On Body Composition In Male Rats, Merrill J. Christensen, Dr. Brian Johnson
The Effect Of Selenium And Thyroid Hormones On Body Composition In Male Rats, Merrill J. Christensen, Dr. Brian Johnson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Introduction Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral needed by the body in extremely small amounts. The main sources of Se in the diet are vegetables and meats. Selenium is incorporated in the enzyme Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). GPx is an antioxidant that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and other organic peroxides to protect the body from oxidative damage.
Selenium Alters Nf- B-Regulated Gene Expression In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Aimee L. Taylor, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
Selenium Alters Nf- B-Regulated Gene Expression In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Aimee L. Taylor, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The American Cancer Society estimates that prostate cancer will account for 30% of new cancers in men, totaling over 189,000 new cases, with 30,200 deaths in 2002 (1). Because of its high prevalence and long latency time prostate cancer is an ideal candidate for chemoprevention (2). Recent research suggests an inverse relationship between high dietary selenium (Se) intake or status and risk for prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms for Se’s protective effects against prostate cancer have not yet been determined. This project focused sharply on a single mechanism by which Se may alter gene expression and affect risk for prostate …
The Effects Of White Bass (Morone Chrysops) Predation On Juvenile June Suckers (Chasmistes Liorus), Michael J. Whitney, Dr. Mark C. Belk
The Effects Of White Bass (Morone Chrysops) Predation On Juvenile June Suckers (Chasmistes Liorus), Michael J. Whitney, Dr. Mark C. Belk
Journal of Undergraduate Research
We estimated the vulnerability of juvenile June suckers to predation by a growing cohort of juvenile white bass. Also, habitat preference of juvenile white bass (open versus vegetated habitats) in the presence and absence of adult white bass was determined experimentally. Juvenile white bass preferred vegetated habitats similar to juvenile June suckers. June suckers are most vulnerable to juvenile white bass immediately after they hatch and move downstream into Utah Lake. Vulnerability decreases during the summer until by the end of the growing season. Only a small fraction of the juvenile June sucker population is potentially vulnerable to juvenile white …
Selenium Moderation Of Estrogen Receptor-Beta (Er-B) Activation: A Mechanism For Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention, Josie Johnson, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
Selenium Moderation Of Estrogen Receptor-Beta (Er-B) Activation: A Mechanism For Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention, Josie Johnson, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men (1). Results from a prospective cancer prevention trial showed that Se supplementation reduced prostate cancer incidence by 63% (2). One molecular mechanism by which Se may protect against prostate cancer is moderation of the conformation and associated activity of redox-regulated proteins, including some transcription factors (3). Previous work in our laboratory showed that Se affects the expression of genes responsive to the redox-regulated transcription factor NF-kB in human prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells (4). Estrogen receptor-beta (ER-b) is another redox-regulated transcription factor. We report that Se treatment of LNCaP …
Anterior-Posterior Limb Position Is Dependent On The Relative Timing Of Key Embryonic Events, Tyler Prestwich, Dr. Michael Stark
Anterior-Posterior Limb Position Is Dependent On The Relative Timing Of Key Embryonic Events, Tyler Prestwich, Dr. Michael Stark
Journal of Undergraduate Research
To better understand embryonic events leading to the determination of limb position along the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis, we compared pre-limb bud stage developmental morphology of three vertebrate organisms: chicken, goose and swan. These organisms were selected because of the differences each exhibit with regard to the A-P location of the forelimbs, or more specifically, the number of cervical vertebrae. By observing disparities between the embryonic morphologies of the different species, we were able to identify specific morphological distinctions that correlate with A-P patterning. Based on the data obtained, we hypothesize a mechanism whereby a delay in embryonic “differentiation” in relationship …
The Role Of Ap-1 And Related Inhibitors In Cortisol Secretion And Inflammation, D. Craig Seager, Dr. Allan Judd
The Role Of Ap-1 And Related Inhibitors In Cortisol Secretion And Inflammation, D. Craig Seager, Dr. Allan Judd
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases the secretion of cortisol from bovine adrenal zona fasciculata (ZF) and human adrenal tumor H295R cells. However, the biochemical mechanisms involved in IL- 6-stimulated cortisol secretion are not well understood. In previous studies, it has been determined that IL-6 increases the phosphorylation of Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducer and activators of transcription (STATs). In many tissues, the JAK-STAT pathway and the activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathways interact. AP-1 is composed of homodimers and heterodimers of the proteins c-Fos, c-Jun, JunB, and JunD. Therefore, in this study we determined the effects of IL-6 on the cellular content of …
Long-Term Preservation Of Breadfruit, Cassava, And Taro By Solar-Drying In The Pacific Islands Area, Jonathan Pratt Rowe
Long-Term Preservation Of Breadfruit, Cassava, And Taro By Solar-Drying In The Pacific Islands Area, Jonathan Pratt Rowe
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cassava, taro, and breadfruit are critical food sources indigenous to the Pacific islands. Because they serve as the main source of energy for 500 million people, their availability is vital to the survival of these people. In addition to the energy provided, these plants also provide essential vitamins and minerals. Generally, cassava, taro, and breadfruit are grown with relative ease and abundance. Their physical and chemical properties, however, are not conducive to storage, and as a result, much is wasted.
Tissue And Intracellular Distribution Kinetics Of Vitamin K, David Hunt, Dr. Robert Davidson
Tissue And Intracellular Distribution Kinetics Of Vitamin K, David Hunt, Dr. Robert Davidson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In June of 2003 I began studying the metabolism kinetics of vitamin K in the Sprague-Dawley rat under the tutelage of Dr. Robert Davidson. This work has since developed into the body of my proposed Master’s thesis. This letter is intended to communicate the progress of this research.
Preventing Malnutrition Within Ecuador, Tiffany Covington, Dr. Alison Campbell
Preventing Malnutrition Within Ecuador, Tiffany Covington, Dr. Alison Campbell
Journal of Undergraduate Research
La Rinconada is a unique indigenous village tucked away in the northern mountainous regions of Imbabura, Ecuador where the children of local subsistence farmers suffer from nutritional deficiencies. Studies completed by The Benson Institute show that before the year 2000, 50 percent of the villagers did not consume vegetables. Similar studies also show that meat consumption was often saved and therefore not consumed except for special occasions. Macro and micro-nutrient deficiencies within the children are evident through stunted growth patterns, hair discoloration, loss of eyesight, and premature death.
Predicting Regional Circumferences From Regional Body Composition Data, Toria Mcmullin, Dr. Robert T. Davidson
Predicting Regional Circumferences From Regional Body Composition Data, Toria Mcmullin, Dr. Robert T. Davidson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Due to the current trend obesity rates and the increased public awareness of the connection between body composition and health, individuals are becoming more and more interested in assessing and changing their own body composition. The current methods used to assess body composition include the following: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), computerized tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), Near-Infrared Interactance (NIR), BodPod measurements, skinfold and circumference anthropometric measurements, and hydrodensitometry. Multicomponent models most accurately predict body composition. However, such models—including hydrodensitometry and DEXA—are either too difficult or too costly for practical, widespread consideration. Other methods are …
The Effect Of Isoflavone And Selenium Diets On Body Composition (Biochemical Responses To Phytoestrogen And Selenium Diets In Noble Rats Relating To Reduced Prostate Cancer Risk), Jessica Tolman, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
The Effect Of Isoflavone And Selenium Diets On Body Composition (Biochemical Responses To Phytoestrogen And Selenium Diets In Noble Rats Relating To Reduced Prostate Cancer Risk), Jessica Tolman, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The intent of the following research was to fulfill the thesis requirements for the BYU Honors Program, the following report is complied from excerpts from my Honors Thesis. The results were presented at the 8th International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine. At the beginning of this project I focused my interests on the effect of isoflavone and selenium on body composition. I later used these findings and the effect of isoflavone and selenium on hormone serum levels to determine the effect of isoflavone and selenium on prostate cancer risk.
The Association Between Expectancies For Success And In-Season Dietary Practices Among A Group Of Female High School Softball Players, Elizabeth M. Crowley, Dr. Lora Beth Brown
The Association Between Expectancies For Success And In-Season Dietary Practices Among A Group Of Female High School Softball Players, Elizabeth M. Crowley, Dr. Lora Beth Brown
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Coaches and trainers need to be aware of the dietary practices of their athletes and strive to encourage their players to engage in healthy and proper nutrition. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) assess the dietary and nutrition practices of a group of female high school basketball players, and 2) to determine if expectancies for achievement and success are associated with better eating practices. Understanding the latter, may be useful in helping high school coaches devise ways to motivate players to improve their eating habits.
The Antimicrobial Effects Of Honey Against H. Pylori, Walker Berkley, Dr. Frost Steele
The Antimicrobial Effects Of Honey Against H. Pylori, Walker Berkley, Dr. Frost Steele
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In 2005 Dr. Marshall, along with co-discoverer Dr, J Robin Warren, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their linking the bacteria H. pylori to gastric ulcers and instituting regiments of antibiotic treatments that culminated in the first long term cure for this dehabilitating stomach condition.
Bone Ashing To Measure The Effects Of Vitamin K In Bone Mineral Density In Rats, Michael Draney, Dr. Robert Davidson
Bone Ashing To Measure The Effects Of Vitamin K In Bone Mineral Density In Rats, Michael Draney, Dr. Robert Davidson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Millions of people throughout the world suffer from osteoporosis. It is a degenerative disease that is characterized by increased bone fragility and decreased bone mineral and bone density.
Dxa Scan Analysis Of The Reducing Effect Of Vitamin K And Omega-3 On Bone Mineral Loss In Ovariectomized (Ovx) Sprague-Dawley Rats, Stephen Roberts, Dr. Robert Davidson
Dxa Scan Analysis Of The Reducing Effect Of Vitamin K And Omega-3 On Bone Mineral Loss In Ovariectomized (Ovx) Sprague-Dawley Rats, Stephen Roberts, Dr. Robert Davidson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Vitamin K, long established as important for blood clotting, has received more recent attention regarding a role in bone metabolism and remodeling.1 Vitamin K could potentially be an effective treatment in reducing the deleterious effect of osteoporosis.
The Effect On Femur Bone Tensile Strength And Calcium Levels In Osteoporosis Induced Rats By Vitamin K Supplementation, Ryan Probst, Dr. Robert T. Davidson
The Effect On Femur Bone Tensile Strength And Calcium Levels In Osteoporosis Induced Rats By Vitamin K Supplementation, Ryan Probst, Dr. Robert T. Davidson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Osteoporosis is a growing problem in the world today. With the aging population of the United State’s Baby Boomer generation, healthcare research is shifting dramatically to combat the rising rates of diseases associated with our aging population majority. Compiled with this majority of elderly people is the fact that Americans are living longer. We must face the challenges associated with the aging human body. Osteoporosis is an age-related disease. This study has added to the research available on osteoporosis and has provided enhanced methods to treat osteoporosis, a major problem especially in postmenopausal women. Several Asian studies report an increase …
Effect Of Selenium On The Expression Of The Androgen Receptor And Nuclear Factor Kappa-B In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Daniel Tandberg, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
Effect Of Selenium On The Expression Of The Androgen Receptor And Nuclear Factor Kappa-B In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Daniel Tandberg, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Selenium has been established as a promising chemopreventive element for prostate cancer. Several different mechanisms have been studied to delineate selenium’s anti-cancer effect, but the exact target and mechanism has yet to be clearly defined. Previous studies have established an inhibitory relationship between the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and selenium, as well as the Androgen Receptor (AR) and selenium in human LNCap cells. Both NF-κB and AR are constituently active during prostate cancer development, and their deactivation by selenium might be one of the mechanisms by which selenium acts as a chemopreventative agent. The purpose of our research is …
The Derivatives Of Resveratrol And Prostate Cancer, Dallin Snow, Dr. Merrill Christensen
The Derivatives Of Resveratrol And Prostate Cancer, Dallin Snow, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Resveratrol has been shown to be a very effective anticarcinogenic compound, in addition to its anti-viral, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and life prolonging effects. Resveratrol binds the estrogen receptor beta which in turn down regulates the androgen receptor, which is active in prostate cancer. Past studies of the effects of resveratrol on human prostate cancer cells have shown that it increases the rate of apoptosis and decreases proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner (Benitez, 2007). Also, a 2004 study exploring the absorption and metabolism of resveratrol in humans indicated that it is metabolized at a rapid rate by humans. It …
The Effect Of Selenium On Nuclear Factor-Κb And Androgen Receptor Expression In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Daniel Tandberg, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
The Effect Of Selenium On Nuclear Factor-Κb And Androgen Receptor Expression In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Daniel Tandberg, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
According to the American Cancer Society prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, as well as the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. The trace mineral and essential nutrient selenium has been established as a promising chemopreventive element for prostate cancer. Plant foods are the best source of selenium; however, the selenium content of plants varies significantly based on the soil in which it was grown in. This study attempted to provide further insight into the molecular mechanism by which selenium effects cancer development. Specifically we looked at the expression of the Nuclear …