Nutrition Commons^™

Byu Adds "Zing" To New Carbonated Yogurt Product In Stores Nationwide, Byu News

Faculty Publications

A BYU professor invented the "zing" in General Mills' new carbonated yogurt product, now available in stores all over the country. Fizzix(TM), an extension of Yoplait's Go-GURT brand that comes in a tube, adds a tangy tingle to the traditional fruity flavor of yogurt that will "fizzify" the tongues of the 8- to 12-year-olds the company is targeting.

Quality Of Hermetically Packaged Dehydrated Carrots During Long-Term Storage, S. R. Bartholomew, Laura K. Jefferies, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is interest in the long-term storage of food for applications such as space flight, disaster relief, and personal preparedness. Dehydrated carrots packaged in hermetically sealed cans with a reduced oxygen atmosphere are available in the retail market. The quality of dehydrated carrots stored up to two years has been reported, but the effect of longer-term storage on the quality of the product is unknown. Eleven samples of dehydrated carrots representing 6 brands, packaged in size No.10 cans and stored at room temperature, were obtained from donors. Two fresh samples were purchased as controls. Samples ranged in age from < 1 to 34 years. Can headspace oxygen, can seam integrity, and dehydrated carrot water activity and color were evaluated. Samples were rehydrated for 20 minutes in filtered water that was brought to a boil. A 56-member consumer panel evaluated the rehydrated carrots for appearance, aroma, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale. Acceptance for use in everyday and emergency situations was also determined. Can headspace oxygen ranged from < 0.01% to 14.7%. All can seams were determined to be satisfactory. Water activity of the dehydrated carrots ranged from 0.31 to 0.38. L*, a* and b* values ranged from 37.8 to 44.0, 17.1 to 30.2 and 23.0 to 37.3, respectively. The orange color of most samples faded during storage. Hedonic scores for overall acceptability of dehydrated carrots declined from 7.1 to 3.4. All samples had an acceptance for use in an emergency situation of over 70%. Results indicate that dehydrated carrots decline in quality during long-term storage but retain sufficient sensory acceptance to be considered for use in long-term storage regimens.

Quality Of Hermetically Packaged Split Peas During Long-Term Storage, J. S. Chapman, Laura K. Jefferies, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is a market for low moisture foods that can be stored for long periods of time for use in disaster relief and other emergency situations. Split peas hermetically sealed in cans with a reduced oxygen atmosphere are available in the retail market, but the effect of long-term storage on the quality of the product is unknown. Ten samples of split peas representing 5 retail brands packaged in size No.10 cans and stored at room temperature were obtained from donors. Two fresh samples of split peas were purchased as controls. Samples ranged in age from <1 to 34 years. Can headspace oxygen, can seam integrity, and split pea water activity and color were evaluated. A 52-member consumer panel evaluated the samples, prepared as split pea soup, for appearance, aroma, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale. Acceptance for use in everyday and emergency situations was also determined. Can headspace oxygen ranged from 0.19 to 20.1%. All can seams were determined to be satisfactory. Water activity of the raw split peas ranged from 0.41 to 0.56. The green color of raw split peas decreased over time as shown by increasing CIE a* values. Flavor, appearance, texture, and overall acceptability hedonic scores ranged from 6.7 to 4.4 and decreased over time. Hedonic scores for appearance were correlated with the decrease in raw product green color (r2 = .928). Hedonic scores for texture declined over time, corresponding with increasing hardness of the peas. All samples had an acceptance in an emergency situation of over 75%. Results indicate split pea quality declines over time, but the product maintains sufficient sensory acceptance to be considered for use in applications requiring long-term storage.

Model-Based Compartmental Analysis Indicates A Reduced Mobilization Of Hepatic Vitamin A During Inflammation In Rats, Sin Gieng, Michael Green, Joanne Green, Francisco Rosales

Faculty Publications

Vitamin A (VA) kinetics was studied in rats with marginal VA stores before, during, and after inflammation. Rats received orally [11,12-3H(N)]retinol ([3H]VA; day 0), and inflammation was induced on day 21 with lipopolysacchride (LPS) for 3 days (n = 5) or recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) for 7 days (n = 5). Both the fraction of [3H]VA and retinol concentrations in plasma were reduced significantly by LPS or rhIL-6. Compartmental analysis using the Windows version of Simulation, Analysis, and Modeling software was applied to group mean data, and non-steady-state models were developed. After absorption, VA kinetics was described by a three-compartment …

Solar Dryer Construction And Use Manual Version 2.0 2007, Jonathan P. Rowe, Jonathan K. Russon, Frost M. Steele

Faculty Publications

In less time than it took to develop this solar dryer and manual, the Pacific Island area has experienced several typhoons and tropical depressions followed by significant flooding and destruction of homes, properties and crops. It is in the interest of all people to become more self-reliant in times of need and to have the basic necessities available at a moment’s notice to sustain life until transportation, commerce, health care, agriculture, water, etc. can be restored to a more normal state. This work was done to enable the people of the Pacific islands to meet some of their food requirements …

Quality Of Cornmeal Stored Long-Term In A Low Oxygen Atmosphere, Megan L. Bingham, Heather F. Pahulu, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security recommends food be included in efforts to be prepared for natural disasters and other emergencies. Cornmeal packaged in No. 10 cans with a low oxygen atmosphere has been available in the retail market for decades, but the effect of long-term storage on quality is unknown. This study assessed the quality of cornmeal stored up to 33 years at ambient temperatures in a low oxygen atmosphere. Sixteen samples of cornmeal packaged in No. 10 cans ranging in age from < 1 to 33 years were obtained from donors. The cornmeal and products made from the cornmeal (cornbread and cornmeal hot cereal) were evaluated by a 50-member consumer panel using a 9-point hedonic scale for attributes including appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. Acceptance for everyday use and emergency situations was also determined. Additional measurements included can headspace oxygen, can seam integrity, color, and water activity. There was no significant decrease over storage time in aroma, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability in cornmeal, cornbread or cornmeal cereal. Hedonic scores for cornmeal aroma and appearance ranged from 5.2 to 6.3 and 5.6 to 7.0, respectively. Hedonic scores for overall acceptability of cornmeal cereal and corn bread varied from 4.5 to 6.0 and 6.0 to 7.1, respectively. Acceptance of the cornmeal in a regular diet ranged from 44 to 76 % and emergency acceptance ranged from 90 to 99 %. Headspace oxygen ranged from 0.309 to 20.4%. CIE L*a*b* color values ranged from 82.0-86.6, 3.2-10.1, and 26.3-50.8, respectively. Cornmeal appearance hedonic scores correlated with CIE b* color values (r2=0.75). Water activity ranged from .28 to .58. Cornmeal, especially as an ingredient in a recipe, is capable of retaining a high percentage of consumer acceptance over long periods of time and can be included in long-term food storage efforts.

Effects Of Long-Term Storage On Quality Of Retail-Packaged Pinto Beans, C. M. Larson, A. R. Sloan, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is interest in storing low-moisture foods for long periods of time for uses such as personal preparedness, disaster relief efforts and space travel. Pinto beans in restaurant-sized No. 10 cans are available in the retail market, but work is needed to determine the effects of long-term storage on quality. The objective of this research was to investigate the quality of retail-packaged pinto beans held at ambient temperatures up to 32 years. Fifteen samples of pinto beans packaged in No. 10 cans, which were treated to remove oxygen, were obtained from donors. Samples ranged from <1 to 32 years in age. Prior to cooking, pinto bean samples were soaked in water containing varying levels of baking soda to standardize textural attributes.

Effects Of Long-Term Storage On Quality Of Wheat Packaged In No. 10 Cans, R. Green, Devin J. Rose, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is interest in the long-term storage of low-moisture foods for applications such as space flight, disaster relief, and personal preparedness. Wheat packaged in restaurant-size No. 10 cans has been available in the retail market for decades. However, the quality of such wheat held in long-term storage is not well characterized. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of long-term storage on the quality of wheat packaged in No. 10 cans and held at ambient temperatures up to 32 years. Twenty samples of hard red wheat (including 4 duplicates) packaged in No. 10 cans were obtained from …

Reporting Quality Of Randomized Trials In The Diet And Exercise Literature For Weight Loss, Cheryl A. Gibson, Erik P. Kirk, James D. Lecheminant, Bruce W. Bailey Jr, Guoyuan Huang, Joseph E. Donnelly

Faculty Publications

Background

To adequately assess individual studies and synthesize quantitative research on weight loss studies, transparent reporting of data is required. The authors examined the reporting quality of randomized trials in the weight loss literature, focusing exclusively on subject characteristics as they relate to enrollment, allocation, and follow-up.

Methods

An extensive literature review, which included a computerized search of the MEDLINE database, manual searches of bibliographic references, and cross-referencing of 92 review articles was conducted. A checklist, based on CONSORT recommendations, was used to collect information on whether or not authors reported age, gender, co-morbid disease, medication use, race/ethnicity, and postmenopausal …

A Regional Food-Frequency Questionnaire For The Us Mississippi Delta, Katherine L. Tucker, Janice Maras, Catherine Champagne, Carol L. Connell, Susan Goolsby, Judith Weber, Sahar Zaghloul, Teresa Carithers, Margaret L. Bogle

Faculty Publications

Objective: To describe food sources of nutrient intake for white and African American adults in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD), and their use in the development of a regional food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) based on an earlier version of the National Cancer Institute's Health Habits and History Questionnaire. Design: We ranked food sources of energy, macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, and examined portion size distributions for 842 white and 857 African American residents aged 19 years and older, using 24-hour dietary intake recall data from a telephone survey of 36 LMD counties. These values were used to develop a regional FFQ, which …

Accumulation Of Retinol In The Liver After Prolonged Hyporetinolemia In The Vitamin A-Sufficient Rat, Sin Gieng, Jens Raila, Francisco Rosales

Faculty Publications

We assessed the effects of prolonged reduction of plasma retinol concentrations (hyporetinolemia) on the distribution of tissue vitamin A (VA) and of its active compounds using a model of continuous recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) infusion via osmotic minipumps in VA-sufficient male rats. Plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations remained decreased and lower in rhIL-6-treated rats compared with controls from 7.5 h throughout 7 days of infusion (P < 0.001). This reduction was accompanied by a 68% increase in hepatic retinol concentration by 7 days (P < 0.05). Hepatic and renal retinyl palmitate and retinoic acid concentrations did not change, and renal megalin content remained unchanged; hepatic RBP concentrations were 41% lower in rhIL-6-treated rats compared with controls (P < 0.05). These results indicate that instead of being lost, retinol accumulated in the liver during inflammation and that hyporetinolemia was attributable to a decrease in the availability of hepatic RBP. A plausible consequence of the effect of rhIL-6-induced hyporetinolemia is that by 7 days tissues that are dependent on plasma retinol may become deprived of VA.These results have important implications in understanding the mechanism by which measles infection induces hyporetinolemia and VA deficiency of extrahepatic tissues.

The Role Of Optimal Healing Environments In The Management Of Childhood Obesity, Marjorie Freedman, Judith Stern

Faculty Publications

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased steadily over the past three decades such that obesity is now a major worldwide pediatric health risk factor. Pediatric obesity is associated with significant health problems, and is an important early risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality. This paper focuses on the role and components of optimal healing environments (OHEs) that may be useful in the management of childhood obesity: healing intention, healing relationships, health promotion and disease prevention, and healing spaces. Diet, physical activity, and behavior modification strategies used in the treatment of childhood obesity are also reviewed.

Quality Of Regular And Parboiled Rice In Long-Term Storage, L. Coons, M. B. Halling, Michelle A. Lloyd, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is interest in storing food for long periods of time for such uses as disaster relief efforts, military rations and space travel. Rice hermetically sealed in cans and treated to remove oxygen is available in the retail market, but further work is needed to determine the effects of long-term storage on quality. The objective of this research was to investigate the quality of regular and parboiled white rice packaged for long-term storage in cans treated to reduce oxygen levels and held at ambient temperature for up to 30 years. Eighteen samples of white rice (11 regular, 7 parboiled) packaged …

Effect Of Long-Term Storage On Baking Powder Functionality, Michelle A. Lloyd, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike, R. Utley

Faculty Publications

Baking powder is widely used to leaven baked products. The industry standard for baking powder shelf-life is eighteen to twenty-four months, but little information is available on baking powder functionality when stored beyond this time. A longer shelf-life would prove beneficial in certain situations, such as personal food storage, disaster relief efforts, and space missions. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of long-term storage on baking powder functionality. Six samples of double-acting baking powder in original commercial packaging were obtained from donors and two fresh samples were purchased. Samples ranged in age from 0.25-29 years and …

Quality Of Dehydrated Potato Flakes In Long-Term Storage, A. P. Neilson, H. Farnsworth, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is interest in dehydrated potatoes packaged for long-term storage for uses such as military rations, disaster relief, and space travel. Research has shown the effects of processing and storage (up to 2 years) on dehydrated potatoes, including such aspects as sensory properties and nutrient degradation. The quality of dehydrated potatoes during long-term storage has not been studied. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of dehydrated potato flakes held at ambient conditions in residential storage up to 30 years. Thirteen samples of dehydrated potato flakes packaged in No. 10 cans were obtained from donors. Sample age …

Effects Of Long-Term Storage On Wheat Flour Packaged In A Low Oxygen Atmosphere, N. M. Dickey, Devin J. Rose, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is interest in the long-term storage of food for applications such as space flight, military rations, and disaster relief. Long-term storage of wheat flour under modified atmospheres has not been extensively studied. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of long-term storage on wheat flour packaged in a low oxygen atmosphere. Ten samples of wheat flour packaged in No. 10 cans were obtained from donors. Samples ranged in age from 0.5-11 years and were stored at ambient temperatures (13-27º C). Oxygen levels were below 1%, and moisture contents were between 12.0% and 14.3%. Color was assessed …

Quality At Time Of Purchase Of Dried Milk Products Commercially Packaged In Reduced Oxygen Atmosphere, Michelle A. Lloyd, J. Zou, H. Farnsworth, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

Nonfat dry milk (NDM) and powdered whey beverages are available at the retail level, packaged in No. 10 cans in a reduced oxygen atmosphere to prolong shelf life. The objective of this research was to determine the sensory and nutritional quality of these dried milk products at the time of purchase. In the 10 brands tested, wide variation existed in headspace oxygen, can seam quality, sensory quality, and vitamin A (with 6 of 10 brands entirely lacking the vitamin). Manufacturers of dried milk products packaged in cans for long-term storage need to give careful attention to can seam quality, product …

Understanding Why Adult Participants At The World Senior Games Choose A Healthy Diet, Ray M. Merrill, Eric C. Shields

Faculty Publications

Identifying those seniors most likely to adopt a healthy diet, the relative importance they place on certain perceived benefits associated with a healthy diet, and whether these perceived benefits are associated with selected demographic, lifestyle, and health history variables is important for directing effective dietary health promotion programs. Methods: Analyses are based on a cross-sectional convenience sample of 670 seniors aged 50 years and older at the 2002 World Senior Games in St. George, Utah. Data are assessed using frequencies, bivariate analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly higher in individuals …

Quality Of Hermetically Packaged Nonfat Dry Milk In Long-Term Storage, Michelle A. Lloyd, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

Over the past few decades, nonfat dry milk (NFDM) has been retail-packaged for long-term storage in No. 10 cans under reduced oxygen concentrations for use in emergency situations. Little information is available concerning the quality of NFDM held in such conditions for prolonged storage periods. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality attributes of NFDM in hermetically sealed cans with reduced oxygen levels held in long-term storage. Twenty samples of regular and instant NFDM (representing 9 brands) stored up to 29 years at ambient conditions were obtained from 14 sources. Samples were evaluated for headspace oxygen, can …

Quality Of Dehydrated Mashed Potatoes Retail Packaged In No. 10 Cans, H. Farnsworth, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

Manufacturers of further processed potato products recognize consumer demand for convenience and the economy of transporting dehydrated commodities. Because of their bulkiness, dehydrated potato products are often sold in large containers, including No. 10 cans. The quality of such products available at the retail level has not been reported. The objective of this research was to compare the quality of several brands of dehydrated instant mashed potatoes packaged in No. 10 cans for retail sale. Eight brands of instant mashed potatoes, including two types (4 granules, 4 flakes) packaged in No. 10 cans were obtained from retail outlets representing at …

Quality And Adequacy For Long-Term Storage Of Dehydrated Apple Slices Packaged In No. 10 Cans, T. S. Oesterle, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

Dehydrated food commodities can be packaged in restaurant-size No.10 cans intended for long-term storage for such uses as personal storage, emergency relief efforts and military rations. Because foods packaged for long-term storage are seldom opened soon after purchase, the quality of the product or the adequacy of the packaging could be unknown to the buyer for months or even years. The objective of this research was to compare the quality of various brands of dehydrated apple slices sold at the retail level in No.10 cans and to evaluate the adequacy of the packaging for long-term food storage. Nine brands of …

Quality Of White Rice Retail Packaged In No. 10 Cans For Long-Term Storage, M. B. Halling, N. D. Van Noy, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

Dry foods, such as white rice, are available for retail sale packaged in No. 10 cans for long-term storage in case of natural disasters or other emergencies. Little information is available regarding the quality of such products that are packaged for prolonged storage using hermetically sealed containers and oxygen absorbers. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the quality of several different brands of white rice products packaged for long-term storage, available at the retail level. Ten brands of rice products (7 long-grain white rice, 2 parboiled white rice, 1 instant white rice) packaged in No. 10 …

Effects Of Long-Term Storage On Quality Of Regular And Quick Rolled Oats, M. B. Mcewan, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

Traditionally, shelf life studies of cereal staples have investigated quality after storage for a maximum of several (~18) months. However, there is a market for product that will store for much longer periods of time, intended for such uses as personal storage, emergency relief efforts and military rations. Rolled oats in hermetically sealed cans and treated to remove oxygen are available at the retail level, yet little work has investigated the effects of long-term storage on quality. The objective of this research was to investigate the quality of regular and quick rolled oats packaged in cans for long-term storage. Twenty …

Quality Of Dehydrated Whole Egg Packaged In No. 10 Cans, T.A. Gnadt, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

Dehydration reduces egg mass and increases shelf-life without significantly affecting most functional properties. This has created a demand for dehydrated whole egg in military rations, emergency relief programs and personal storage. However, because such products are usually stored before use, the buyer may be unaware of product quality until long after purchase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of several brands of dehydrated whole egg commercially packaged in No. 10 cans. Eight brands of dehydrated whole egg were obtained from food retailers. All but 1 brand were labeled as having a low oxygen environment. A 50 …

Isolation And Characterization Of Atriplex Hortensis And Sweet Chenopodium Quinoa Starches, K. H. Wright, K. C. Huber, Daniel J. Fairbanks, C. S. Huber

Faculty Publications

Starches from garden orach (Atriplex hortensis) and sweet quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. "Surumi") seeds were isolated, examined for compositional characteristics, and compared with bitter quinoa (Cheno-podium quinoa Willd.) starch. Garden orach and sweet quinoa seeds were similar in fat and ash contents, while garden orach seeds contained 10% more protein. Starches were isolated from seeds following a 12-hr soak in dilute alkaline solution using a series of grinding, screening, centrifugation, and washing steps. Isolated starches viewed by scanning electron microscopy yielded angular, polygonal granules 2 m in diameter. Starches displayed typical A-type crystalline packing arrangements as determined by X-ray powder …

Quality Attributes Of Dried Milk Products Packaged For Long-Term Storage, Michelle A. Lloyd, J. Zou, H. Farnsworth, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

There is a market for dehydrated foods, such as nonfat dry milk (NFDM), that are packaged for long-term storage in case of natural disasters or other emergencies. To maintain quality and optimize shelf-life, NFDM must be properly processed from good quality milk, well-packaged (minimizing moisture, light and oxygen), and stored appropriately. Research is needed to determine the variation in quality that exists in dried milk products intended for retail sale. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the quality of several types of dried milk products packaged for long-term storage. Ten brands of dried milk products (5 …

Practicality Of Large Mylar Bags To Store Corn And Beans In Kenya, Byu Food Quality Assurance Laboratory

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study is to determine the practicality of using extra large zip-lock mylar bags with oxygen absorber packets to store corn and beans in Chyulu, Kenya. Weevil usually gets in the food after about 5 months, so if the oxygen can be maintained at a low level, the corn and beans could be stored for longer than that. The goal is to be able to store the food for 18 months. In order to determine the practicality of using the mylar bags to store corn and beans, the following questions will need to be answered: · Are …

Health-Promoting Properties Of Common Herbs, Winston J. Craig

Faculty Publications

Herbs have been used as food and for medicinal purposes for centuries. Research interest has focused on various herbs that possess hypolipidemic, antiplatelet, antitumor, or immune-stimulating properties that may be useful adjuncts in helping reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. In different herbs, a wide variety of active phytochemicals, including the flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, sulfides, polyphenolics, carotenoids, coumarins, saponins, plant sterols, curcumins, and phthalides have been identified. Several of these phytochemicals either inhibit nitrosation or the formation of DNA adducts or stimulate the activity of protective enzymes such as the Phase II enzyme glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18). Research …

Plasma Total Glutathione In Humans And Its Association With Demographic And Health-Related Factors, Elaine W. Flagg, Ralph J. Coates, J. William Eley, Raymond S. Greenberg, Dean P. P. Jones, Elaine W. Gunter, Bethany Jackson

Faculty Publications

The tripeptide glutathione is proposed to be protective against a number of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, there have been few studies of plasma glutathione levels in humans and in those studies the numbers of participants have been very small. In an exploratory analysis the determinants of plasma total glutathione (GSHt) were investigated in a group of 100 volunteers aged 18–61 years in Atlanta, Georgia, USA during June and July 1989. Data on demographic and health-related factors were collected by interview and plasma GSHt was measured using a recently modified laboratory method. The mean concentration of plasma …

Effect Of Adrenalectomy On In Vivo Glucose Metabolism In Insulin Resistant Zucker Obese Rats, Marjorie Freedman, Judith Stern, G. Reaven, C. Mondon

Faculty Publications

Lean (Fa/?) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) in order to assess the contribution of adrenal hormones to insulin resistance of the obese Zucker rat. Glucose utilization was measured using an insulin suppression test.Sham-operated obese rats gained almost twice as much weight as sham-operated lean littermates. However, body weight gain of ADX animals was comparable in both genotypes. It was significantly less than that of the respective sham-operated controls. Body weight differences can be accounted for almost entirely by a marked loss of adipose tissue.Although insulin resistance may be attributable to obesity in part, steroid hormones are thought …