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Articles 31 - 60 of 174
Full-Text Articles in Nutrition
Correlation Of Spme-Gc-Ms Volatile Compounds With Descriptive Sensory Odor Analysis Of Whole Wheat And Quinoa Flours In Accelerated Storage, Sarah Snow Turner
Correlation Of Spme-Gc-Ms Volatile Compounds With Descriptive Sensory Odor Analysis Of Whole Wheat And Quinoa Flours In Accelerated Storage, Sarah Snow Turner
Theses and Dissertations
The acceptability of whole grain flours during storage varies widely, as does the estimated shelf life of such flours, in part because acceptability is typically determined using subjective human sensory testing. Research is needed to establish more objective measures of acceptability. This study correlated the quantitative results of a descriptive odor sensory panel with volatile compounds determined by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Whole wheat flour and quinoa flour were held at 40°C for up to 24 weeks to accelerate changes occurring during storage. Samples were collected every 4 weeks and placed in frozen storage. Thawed samples were then evaluated …
Handgrip Strength In Children With Cystic Fibrosis, Hannah Taylor Gibson
Handgrip Strength In Children With Cystic Fibrosis, Hannah Taylor Gibson
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Body mass index (BMI) is the primary accepted method to determine nutrition status in children with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, lean body mass (LBM) is more strongly associated with pulmonary function. Handgrip strength (HGS) measures muscle function and is reflective of LBM. The aims of this study were to assess if there was a relationship among HGS, nutrition status, and pulmonary function, to assess if HGS changed after hospitalization, and to assess if there was a relationship between HGS and nutrient intake. Methods: Twenty-three children with CF ages 6-18 years participated. BMI z-scores, nutrition risk scores, and …
Effects Of Gm Disclosure Statements On Consumer Perceptions Of Selected Food Products In Survey And Sensory Panel Settings, Ellyn Margaret Newcomb
Effects Of Gm Disclosure Statements On Consumer Perceptions Of Selected Food Products In Survey And Sensory Panel Settings, Ellyn Margaret Newcomb
Theses and Dissertations
The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard (PL 114-216) will require nearly all foods sold in the U.S. to bear a statement disclosing whether they contain genetically modified (GM) material. Past studies suggest the presence of such a statement could have profound effects on consumers; however, research comparing consumer response towards different GM-disclosure statements is scarce. PL 114-216 states that GM foods shall not be considered more or less safe than their non-bioengineered counterparts, nevertheless it would benefit regulators and food manufacturers to be aware of the possible effects such disclosures might have on consumers. In a nationwide survey, multiple disclosure …
Identifying The Upstream Target Of Resveratrol In Breast Cancer Cells, Jeffrey Mecham, Jason Kenealey
Identifying The Upstream Target Of Resveratrol In Breast Cancer Cells, Jeffrey Mecham, Jason Kenealey
Journal of Undergraduate Research
One commonly disrupted pathway in many different cancer cells lines revolves around the tumor suppressor protein p53. Approximately half of human cancers exhibit direct, inactivating mutations of p53, while the majority of the remainder either elevate inhibitors, reduce activators, or deactivate downstream targets of p531. The central role of p53 in preventing tumorigenesis stems from its ability to induce controlled cell death of unhealthy cells, along with DNA repair and cell cycle arrest.
Textural, Color And Sensory Attributes Of Fruits And Vegetables Dried Using Electric Forced-Air And Solar Dehydrators, Edward Wayne Crossen
Textural, Color And Sensory Attributes Of Fruits And Vegetables Dried Using Electric Forced-Air And Solar Dehydrators, Edward Wayne Crossen
Theses and Dissertations
Direct sun drying is one of the oldest methods of food preservation. A drying method that utilizes solar energy while minimizing negative aspects of sun drying is a solar dryer. However, research about the quality characteristics of fruits and vegetables dried using a solar dryer compared to a traditional dryer is lacking. To measure this, apple, tomato and carrot slices, and grape halves and whole peas were prepared and dried using either a solar or FA dehydrator (FA), Consumer liking was measured using two sensory panels that asked panelists 9-point hedonic questions between like products. Quality differences were analyzed using …
Inhibition Of Clostridium Perfringens Growth During Extended Cooling Of Cooked Uncured Roast Turkey And Roast Beef Using A Concentrated Buffered Vinegar Product And A Buffered Vinegar Product, Andrew Mitchell Smith
Inhibition Of Clostridium Perfringens Growth During Extended Cooling Of Cooked Uncured Roast Turkey And Roast Beef Using A Concentrated Buffered Vinegar Product And A Buffered Vinegar Product, Andrew Mitchell Smith
Theses and Dissertations
This research evaluates the effectiveness of a concentrated, buffered vinegar product (CBV) and a simple buffered vinegar product (BV) for controlling Clostridium perfringens outgrowth during extended cooling times of ready-to-eat roast turkey and roast beef respectively. Whole turkey breasts and beef inside rounds were injected with a typical brine, then ground and mixed with CBV (0.0, 2.01, 2.70 and 3.30% wt/wt) or BV (0.0, 1.75, 2.25, and 3.75% wt/wt) and a three-strain C. perfringens spore cocktail to a detectable level of ca. 2-3 log CFU/g. The meat was divided into 10g portions and vacuum packaged and stored frozen until tested. …
Overexpression Of Hdac1 Induces Functional Β-Cell Mass, Carrie Draney
Overexpression Of Hdac1 Induces Functional Β-Cell Mass, Carrie Draney
Theses and Dissertations
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in β-cell dysfunction and ultimate destruction, and leads to impaired glucose homeostasis. High rates of proliferation and differentiation of pancreatic β-cells occurs mostly during neonatal development. However, research shows these mechanisms remain intact as β-cell proliferation has been observed during pregnancy and obesity. We have shown that overexpression of the β-cell transcription factor Nkx6.1 is sufficient to induce β-cell proliferation. Exploration of the transcriptional targets of Nkx6.1 has identified histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) as a down-stream target of Nkx6.1. Here we demonstrate that HDAC1 overexpression is sufficient to induce β-cell proliferation, …
Comparing Steady State To Time Interval Measurements Of Resting Metabolic Rate, Chelsea Jayne Irving
Comparing Steady State To Time Interval Measurements Of Resting Metabolic Rate, Chelsea Jayne Irving
Theses and Dissertations
The two most common methods to measure resting metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry are steady state or time interval. Steady state is commonly defined as the first five minutes in which oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production vary by <10%. A time interval measurement generally lasts 20-60 minutes. Using steady state criteria is often harder to achieve, but many suggest it more accurately measures resting metabolic rate. Our objective was to determine if there were differences between steady state and time interval measurements in a healthy adult population.
Seventy seven subjects were measured for 45 minutes. Inclusion criteria included healthy subjects ages 18-65, excluding pregnant and lactating women. Paired t-tests analyzed differences between measures, and Bland-Altman plots evaluated bias, precision, and accuracy.
Of 77 subjects, 84% achieved steady state, and 95% achieved SS by minute 30. Most differences between steady state and time intervals were statistically but not practically …
Malnutrition And Handgrip Strength In Hospitalized And Non-Hospitalized Children 6-14 Years Old, Kayla Camille Jensen
Malnutrition And Handgrip Strength In Hospitalized And Non-Hospitalized Children 6-14 Years Old, Kayla Camille Jensen
Theses and Dissertations
Malnutrition is concerning in children because it effects proper growth and development. Handgrip Strength (HGS) has been identified as a diagnostic indicator for identifying pediatric malnutrition but normal reference ranges have not yet been established; therefore, HGS can be used to identify malnutrition but not quantify the degree of malnutrition: mild, moderate, or severe. The aim of this study was to determine if HGS differed between hospitalized and non-hospitalized children and to describe the association between HGS and several parameters including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). One hundred nine hospitalized and 110 non-hospitalized pediatric …
The Effect Of Monetary Reward And Food Type On Motivation Of Untrained Sensory Panelists In Triangle Tests, Jessilee Noel Loucks
The Effect Of Monetary Reward And Food Type On Motivation Of Untrained Sensory Panelists In Triangle Tests, Jessilee Noel Loucks
Theses and Dissertations
Although human panelists provide unparalleled data, they are prone to bias, which is a primary concern of sensory scientists. Motivational bias is of concern because it determines how much effort a panelist will exert to be consistent, find a difference, or use appropriate descriptors when taking a test. For central location tests, money has become a common motivational device to compensate panelists for their time and effort. Studies have documented that money can change results in sensory testing but have not measured the impact on motivation. Additionally, little research has been conducted on the effect of the test food itself …
Β-Cell Adaptation To Elevated Palmitate Concentrations (Hyperlipidemia), Daniel R. Lathen, Jeffery S. Tessem Ph.D.
Β-Cell Adaptation To Elevated Palmitate Concentrations (Hyperlipidemia), Daniel R. Lathen, Jeffery S. Tessem Ph.D.
Student Works
It is estimated that over 370 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes, and this number is increasing rapidly. Normally, β-cells in the pancreas secrete insulin, which is necessary for proper glucose absorption and storage. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are characterized by decreased functional β-cell mass and insulin production, and increased circulating glucose and fatty acid levels. Diabetics’ pancreata maintain small amounts of functional β-cells, but these surviving cells are damaged and destroyed over time due to the harmful effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. These β-cells must adapt to survive. Hence, diabetes is itself a selective process. We …
Determining If C-Fos Protects Β-Cells From Apoptosis, Kyle Kener, Jeffery Tessem
Determining If C-Fos Protects Β-Cells From Apoptosis, Kyle Kener, Jeffery Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Diabetes, a disease characterized by the inability of the body to maintain a normal blood glucose level, continues to affect the lives of many. In both Type I and Type II diabetes, eventual β-cell destruction results in decreased β-cell mass. Regeneration of functional β-cells and protection of such, could help reverse the effects of this disease and could possibly lead to a cure. Many studies have been done to increase functioning β-cell mass, but protecting regenerated β-cells from further apoptotic insults could greatly increase the effectiveness of β-cell transplants and other future treatments of the disease.
This Project Focused On The Effects Of Palmitate On Transcription Factors, Nr4a1 And Nr4a3. All Experiments Were Preformed On A Beta Cell Line. The First Experiment Was Done To Show If Palmitate Effected Proliferation Of Nr4a1 And Nr4a3 Knockout Cell Lines. This Experiment Was Preformed Adding .2 Mmol Palmitate To All Cells And Comparing Them To Untreated And Treated Unknocked Down Cell Lines. This Showed Exactly What Was Expected Which Was That Proliferation Was Decreased In Nr4a1 And Nr4a3 Knockdown Cell Lines., Jordan Tingey, Jeffery Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
This project focused on the effects of palmitate on transcription factors, Nr4a1 and Nr4a3. All experiments were preformed on a beta cell line. The first experiment was done to show if palmitate effected proliferation of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 knockout cell lines. This experiment was preformed adding .2 mmol palmitate to all cells and comparing them to untreated and treated unknocked down cell lines. This showed exactly what was expected which was that proliferation was decreased in Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 knockdown cell lines.
The Role Of Cdk5r1 In Β-¬Cell Survival From Apoptosis, Amanda Hobson, Jeffrey Tessem
The Role Of Cdk5r1 In Β-¬Cell Survival From Apoptosis, Amanda Hobson, Jeffrey Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are classified as a decrease in functional ß-cell mass, which results in impaired blood glucose regulation. Functional ß-cell mass is defined as the glucose stimulated insulin secretion rate multiplied by the total cellular mass which is determined by the proliferation and cell death rates. Though ß-cell mass proliferation rates generally decrease by adolescence, obesity and pregnancy have been shown to be times of significant ß-cell proliferation (1). This implies that the inherent molecular pathways necessary for ß-cell proliferation are present, but highly regulated. Discovering the molecular pathway of ß-cell proliferation could lead to diabetes …
Determining If C-Fos Regulates Glucose Stimulated Insulin, Benjamin Bitner, Jeffery Tessem
Determining If C-Fos Regulates Glucose Stimulated Insulin, Benjamin Bitner, Jeffery Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Increasing a patient’s functional β-cell mass may provide a cure for both types of diabetes. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx6.1 stimulates β-cell proliferation, increases glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and decreases apoptosis1. Functional β-cell mass is defined by the number of β-cells, which is dependent on proliferation and apoptosis rates, multiplied by the ability to secrete insulin. Increasing β-cell proliferation or insulin secretion while decreasing apoptosis could be used as a treatment to produce β-cells for islet transplantation, a potential cure for diabetes.
The Role Of Hdac1 In Increasing Β-Cell Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion And Apoptosis Resistance, Carrie Draney, Jeffery Tessem
The Role Of Hdac1 In Increasing Β-Cell Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion And Apoptosis Resistance, Carrie Draney, Jeffery Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes affects more than 9% of the American population and the incidences of diabetes continue to increase at a startling rate. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes impede β- cell function (insulin secretion) by destroying β-cell mass. Increasing proliferation and function of β-cells could potentially be used as a cure for diabetes. Research has shown that the homeobox β-cell transcription factor Nkx6.1 induces β-cell proliferation. We have found that Nkx6.1 upregulates expression of HDAC1 and this project will allow us to further define the specific role of HDAC1 in increasing β-cell proliferation. We hypothesize …
Folate Stability In Fortified Corn Masa Flour, Tortillas, And Tortilla Chips, Renee Phillips
Folate Stability In Fortified Corn Masa Flour, Tortillas, And Tortilla Chips, Renee Phillips
Theses and Dissertations
Neural tube defects (NTDs) occur at higher rates in Hispanic populations in the USA. Such populations would benefit from folic acid fortification of corn masa flour (CMF). This study evaluated folate stability in fortified CMFs and products made from the flours, tortillas and tortilla chips. There was no significant loss of folate during the six-month shelf-life of fortified tortilla CMF and tortilla chip CMF. There was a 13% loss (P < 0.05) of folate during tortilla baking and no loss during tortilla chip frying. Both tortillas and tortilla chips showed significant folate losses over the two-month shelf-life for these products, with a 17% loss in fortified tortillas and 9% loss in tortilla chips. Folate in fortified CMFs, tortillas and tortilla chips is relatively stable and comparable to the stability of folate in wheat flour and breads.
Stability Of Whole Wheat Flour, Rolled Oats, And Brown Rice During Long-Term Storage And Preparation, Victoria Elizabeth Scott
Stability Of Whole Wheat Flour, Rolled Oats, And Brown Rice During Long-Term Storage And Preparation, Victoria Elizabeth Scott
Theses and Dissertations
Whole grains are an increasingly popular health food in America. However, shelf life of whole grains is compromised due to the presence of lipoxygenases in the bran and germ, which lead to rancidity and generation of oxidative byproducts. These byproducts reduce sensory quality and may have a degradative effect on vitamins in whole grain products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of lipid and vitamin degradation during long-term storage of three whole grains: whole wheat flour, brown rice, and rolled oats. We also examined vitamin loss after cooking to determine if oxidative byproducts had an effect …
Evaluation Of Breastfeeding Curricula In Didactic Programs In Dietetics And Dietetic Internships Across The United States, Maria Diane Swiss
Evaluation Of Breastfeeding Curricula In Didactic Programs In Dietetics And Dietetic Internships Across The United States, Maria Diane Swiss
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Breastfeeding is known to have many benefits for both mothers and infants. With the Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding, health professionals have increased their attention on breastfeeding competency. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate breastfeeding curricula that are currently being covered in didactic programs in dietetics (DPDs) and dietetic internships (DIs) across the United States. Methods: Two-part surveys were sent to all directors of DPDs and DIs (n=475) with instructions to forward the second portion of the survey to instructors of classes that taught about breastfeeding. Qualtrics software was used for data …
Selection And Use Of Pantoea Dispersa Strain Jfs As A Non-Pathogenic Surrogate For Salmonella Typhimurium Phage Type 42 In Flour, James R. Fudge
Selection And Use Of Pantoea Dispersa Strain Jfs As A Non-Pathogenic Surrogate For Salmonella Typhimurium Phage Type 42 In Flour, James R. Fudge
Theses and Dissertations
Salmonella, a common food pathogen, costs more than any other pathogen in the United States in terms of health care costs and loss of work due to the illnesses it causes. Low-moisture foods, especially flour, are susceptible to being contaminated by Salmonella. Food producers want flour to be pathogen-free but to also retain the same functionality of non-treated flour. Heat treatment is the most common method employed for lowering the concentration of pathogens in food. However, heating can result in the loss of the flour’s functionality. Pantoea dispersa strain JFS has been isolated from flour as a nonpathogenic bacterial surrogate …
Optimization Of Selenium Chemoprevention In Prostate Cancer Cells, Xiuqi Li, Merrill Christensen
Optimization Of Selenium Chemoprevention In Prostate Cancer Cells, Xiuqi Li, Merrill Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States (1). However, most men will die with prostate cancer rather then from it (2). Because prostate cancer exhibits a long latency period, high incidence rate, and significant morbidity but low mortality, its prevention remains an active field of research.
C-Fos Enhances Functional Β-Cell Mass, Jason Ray, Jeffery Tessem
C-Fos Enhances Functional Β-Cell Mass, Jason Ray, Jeffery Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are major global health concerns. Both types of diabetes result in loss of functional β-cell mass, which is defined as the β-cell number multiplied by insulin secretion rate. The number of β-cells is derived from the cellular proliferation and death rates. Increasing functional β-cell mass could cure diabetes through pancreatic islet transplants or by strengthening endogenous cells. Various groups have shown that the β-cells proliferation rate is extremely low after adolescence in the majority of the population. However, β-cell proliferation has been shown to increase during physiological conditions such as pregnancy and obesity (1). …
Role Of Microbial Fermentation On Degradation Of Folic Acid In Micronutrient Fortified Corn Masa Prior To Baking, Chad Hancock
Role Of Microbial Fermentation On Degradation Of Folic Acid In Micronutrient Fortified Corn Masa Prior To Baking, Chad Hancock
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Evaluation of how well the academic objectives of the proposal were met This was an intensive project, which turned out to be a great opportunity for our students. We had one graduate student and four to five undergraduate students working on it at any given time. Due to attrition in the lab, we had about 16 undergraduates who were involved across the course of the entire project. Students learned the nuances of a very challenging multi-day, microbial assay for folic acid, and also learned many other laboratory skills and became quite proficient in microbial enumeration and isolation. The importance of …
Effects Of Panelist Participation Frequency And Questionnaire Design On Overall Acceptance Scoring For Food Sensory Evaluation In Consumer Central Location Tests, Mauresa Bastian
Theses and Dissertations
Two studies were conducted to determine the effect of panelist participation frequency and specific aspects of questionnaire design on overall acceptance scoring in consumer central location tests. Regarding participation frequency, research subjects who participate frequently in some survey types are known to provide responses that differ from subjects who participate less frequently, known as panel conditioning. With respect to questionnaire design, overall acceptance (OA) question placement and usage of pre-evaluation instructions (PEI) in questionnaires for food sensory analysis may bias consumers' scores via carry-over effects. To investigate these concerns, data from consumer sensory panels previously conducted at a central location, …
Stability Of Selected B Vitamins In Thermally-Treated Pinto Beans, Virginia Anne West
Stability Of Selected B Vitamins In Thermally-Treated Pinto Beans, Virginia Anne West
Theses and Dissertations
Beans are a commonly consumed food and a staple in many regions worldwide. Pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), categorized as legumes, are dried seeds from plants and are high in protein, carbohydrate and fiber, and low in fat. They are also a good source of various minerals and well as thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, and folate Beans are typically soaked and thermally processed before consumption. Different processing methods can impact the composition of beans. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of thermal treatments on vitamin concentration in pinto beans. Beans were simmered, canned, dried-flaked, or dried-extruded, …
Dietary Prevention Of Prostate Cancer In The Tramp Mouse Model, Brett Shaw, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Dietary Prevention Of Prostate Cancer In The Tramp Mouse Model, Brett Shaw, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
This project utilized histology in determining whether dietary supplementation of selenium and/or isoflavones (a component of soy) had a preventative effect on the development of prostate cancer. Additionally, we explored the timing of introduction of these supplements and observed their individual and combinational effects on cancer progression.
Cultural, Economic, And Educational Factors Related To Diabetes Melitus Type 2 In Tongans, April Mcmurray, Dr. Lora Beth Brown
Cultural, Economic, And Educational Factors Related To Diabetes Melitus Type 2 In Tongans, April Mcmurray, Dr. Lora Beth Brown
Journal of Undergraduate Research
DMT2 is a lifestyle-related disease where the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells are unreceptive to it, and it is now the most common form of diabetes1. DMT2 has several risk factors: obesity, poor nutrition, a lack of exercise, and genetics1. The diabetic population is growing throughout the world. Individuals who do not control the disease can suffer serious complications such as limb amputation and damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart; treatment can also be very costly1.
Food Costs Of A Gluten-Free Diet: Comparison To Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Allotments, Blair Harmon, Dr. Rickelle Richards
Food Costs Of A Gluten-Free Diet: Comparison To Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Allotments, Blair Harmon, Dr. Rickelle Richards
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks the lining of the small intestine when gluten is present, which can lead to poor absorption of nutrients resulting in malnutrition.1 The only medical treatment for people with this condition is life-long adherence to a gluten-free diet. The prevalence of celiac disease has continued to rise in the United States, with recent estimates of 1 in 141 people having celiac disease, suggesting this is a common health condition today.2,3
The Role Of Timing Of Dietary Selenium And Isoflavone Supplementation In The Reduction Of Prostate Cancer Risk Factors In Tramp Mice, Ji Su Park, Dr. Merrill Christensen
The Role Of Timing Of Dietary Selenium And Isoflavone Supplementation In The Reduction Of Prostate Cancer Risk Factors In Tramp Mice, Ji Su Park, Dr. Merrill Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American men, with a predicted 29,720 deaths in 2013. (1) Previous studies have shown that both selenium (Se) and soy isoflavones reduce risk for prostate cancer when consumed at high levels. (2-3) However, little is known about the effect of Se and isoflavones combined on cancer progression or whether it matters when these supplements are introduced into the diet to decrease cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the individual and combinational effects of Se and soy and the role of timing of …
Lactose-Hydrolyzed Yogurt Sweetness, Paul Mcmullan, Dr. Lynn Ogden
Lactose-Hydrolyzed Yogurt Sweetness, Paul Mcmullan, Dr. Lynn Ogden
Journal of Undergraduate Research
My project was focused on developing a yogurt that was sweeter than traditional yogurt via means of lactose-hydrolysis. The purpose was to find what percentage of added sugar could be spared when hydrolyzing the lactose inherent in milk. The 3 batches of milk had additional sugar and Non-Fat Dry Milk (NFDM) added to boost its lactose content. The two experimental batches were treated with the lactase enzyme and left to sit for a period of 48 hours, at which point one could safely assume that 99% of the lactose had been fully hydrolyzed. One of the experimental batches had 50% …