Nutrition Commons^™

Two Spectroscopy Devices Can Approximate Fruit And Vegetable Intake In A Racially And Ethnically Diverse Sample, Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts, Qiang Wu, Melissa N Laska, Nancy E Moran

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Assessing fruit and vegetable intake is important to determine the effectiveness of nutrition intervention studies. Few objective measures of fruit and vegetable intake have been directly compared within the same study participants.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the relative validity of 2 different skin spectrophotometry devices to serve as biomarkers of plasma carotenoid concentrations, self-reported fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), and carotenoid intake, to examine if both devices can be used to approximate FVI.

Methods: Human skin carotenoid scores (SCS, Veggie Meter-assessed) and color space measurement data from 2 prior studies were used. Participants' skin color space parameters …

The Diabetes Prevention Program And Its Outcomes Study: Niddk's Journey Into The Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes And Its Public Health Impact, Jill P Crandall, Dana Dabelea, William C Knowler, David M Nathan, Marinella Temprosa, Dpp Research Group

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The current-day epidemic of type 2 diabetes, largely driven by increased adiposity and reduced physical activity in the setting of genetic susceptibility, is a major public health challenge. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) presciently proposed the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a multicenter randomized clinical trial, designed by investigators in conjunction with NIDDK staff and initiated in 1996. The primary goal of DPP was to determine whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) or metformin in comparison with placebo would reduce the development of diabetes in a high-risk population with prediabetes. After mean 2.8 years, ILS …

Metabolic Clearance Rate Of Insulin Across The Glucose Tolerance Spectrum By Race And Ethnicity In Youth With Obesity, Wonhee Cho, Fida Bacha, Hala Tfayli, Sojung Lee, Sara F Michaliszyn, Joon Young Kim, Silva Arslanian

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Despite β-cell failure in youth with dysglycemia (i.e., impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and type 2 diabetes), fasting insulin (FI) concentrations are elevated. Herein, we examined the following: 1) metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) in youth with obesity and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) versus those with IGT versus those with type 2 diabetes; 2) racial and ethnic differences in insulin dynamics; and 3) metabolic/adiposity correlates of MCRI.

Methods: A total of 206 youth underwent assessment of fasting glucose, FI, MCRI and peripheral insulin sensitivity (PIS), first-phase insulin secretion, disposition index, body composition, and abdominal adiposity.

Results: In type 2 …

The Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young (Mody) Calculator Overestimates Mody Probability In Hispanic Youth, Guido Alarcon, Anh Nguyen, Angus Jones, Beverley Shields, Maria J Redondo, Mustafa Tosur

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Context: The applicability of the maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) risk calculator to non-White European populations remains unknown.

Objective: We aimed to test its real-world application in Hispanic youth.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of Hispanic youth (< 23 years) with diabetes (n = 2033) in a large pediatric tertiary care center in the United States. We calculated MODY probability for all subjects, splitting them into 2 cohorts based on the original model: individuals who were started on insulin within 6 months of diabetes diagnosis (Cohort 1) and those who were not (Cohort 2).

Results: Cohort 1 consisted of 1566 individuals (median age [25p, 75p]: 16 [13, 19] years, 49% female), while Cohort 2 comprised 467 youth (median age [25p, 75p]: 17 [15, 20] years, 62% female). The mean MODY probability was 5.9% and 61.9% in Cohort 1 and Cohort 2, respectively. The mean probability for both cohorts combined was 18.8%, suggesting an …

Common Aav Gene Therapy Vectors Show Nonselective Transduction Of Ex Vivo Human Brain Tissue, J P Mcginnis, Joshua Ortiz-Guzman, Maria Camila Guevara, Sai Mallannagari, Benjamin D W Belfort, Suyang Bao, Snigdha Srivastava, Maria Morkas, Emily Ji, Angela Addison, Evelyne K Tantry, Sarah Chen, Ying Wang, Zihong Chen, Kalman A Katlowitz, Jeffrey J Lange, Melissa M Blessing, Carrie A Mohila, M Cecilia Ljungberg, Guillermo Aldave, Ali Jalali, Akash Patel, Sameer A Sheth, Howard L Weiner, Shankar Gopinath, Ganesh Rao, Akdes Serin Harmanci, Daniel J Curry, Benjamin R Arenkiel

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The ability to deliver a therapeutic sequence to a specific cell type in the human brain would make possible innumerable therapeutic options for some of our most challenging diseases; however, studies on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector tropism have generally relied on animal models with limited translational utility. For this reason, establishing the tropism of common adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in living human brain tissue serves as an important baseline for further optimization, as well as a determination of human brain cell types transduced by clinically approved gene therapy vectors AAV2 and AAV9. We have adapted an

Determining Accurate Pore Structures Of Polypropylene Membrane For Ecmo Using Fe-Sem Under Optimized Conditions, Makoto Fukuda, Yoshiaki Nishite, Eri Murata, Koki Namekawa, Tomohiro Mori, Tsutomu Tanaka, Kiyotaka Sakai

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Long-term ECMOs are expected to be put into practical use in order to prepare for the next emerging severe infectious diseases after the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2019-2023. While polypropylene (PP) and polymethylpentene (PMP) are currently the mainstream materials for the hollow fiber membranes of ECMO, the PP membrane coated with a silicone layer on the outer surface has also been commercialized. In this study, we sought a method to accurately observe the detailed pore morphologies of the PP membrane by suppressing irreversible changes in the morphology in SEM observation, which is a general-purpose observation with higher resolution. As a …

Present And Future Of Microbiome-Targeting Therapeutics, Lauren E Lynch, Rachel Lahowetz, Christian Maresso, Austen Terwilliger, Jason Pizzini, Valeria Melendez Hebib, Robert A Britton, Anthony W Maresso, Geoffrey A Preidis

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

A large body of evidence suggests that single- and multiple-strain probiotics and synbiotics could have roles in the management of specific gastrointestinal disorders. However, ongoing concerns regarding the quality and heterogeneity of the clinical data, safety in vulnerable populations, and the lack of regulation of products containing live microbes are barriers to widespread clinical use. Safety and regulatory issues must be addressed and new technologies considered. One alternative future strategy is the use of synthetic bacterial communities, defined as manually assembled consortia of two or more bacteria originally derived from the human gastrointestinal tract. Synthetic bacterial communities can model functional, …

Bile Acid Regulation Of Xenobiotic Nuclear Receptors On The Expressions Of Orosomucoids In The Liver, Ji Ho Suh, Inyoung Cheon, Hyun-Jung Jung, Sung Ho Lee, Mi Jeong Heo, Matthew Deberge, Clavia Ruth Wooton-Kee, Kang Ho Kim

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) are xenobiotic nuclear receptors activated by various xenobiotics, drugs, hormones, and bile acids (BAs). Upon activation, these nuclear receptors play critical roles in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. However, precise mechanisms through which CAR and PXR influence systemic metabolism remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the impact of CAR and PXR on the liver-secreted hormone (i.e., hepatokine) expressions in response to BA stress such as cholic acid (CA) feeding. Our analysis revealed that several BA-activated genes, including the well-known CAR/PXR target, aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B7 (Akr1b7 …

Changes In The Fxr-Cistrome And Alterations In Bile Acid Physiology In Wilson Disease, Clavia Ruth Wooton-Kee, Hari K Yalamanchili, Islam Mohamed, Manal Hassan, Kenneth D R Setchell, Monica Narvaez Rivas, Ayse K Coskun, Vasanta Putluri, Nagireddy Putluri, Prasun Jalal, Michael L Schilsky, David D Moore

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that results in excessive hepatic copper, causing hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Previous studies have revealed dysregulation of many farnesoid X receptor (FXR) metabolic target genes in WD, including the bile salt exporter pump, the major determinant of bile flow.

Methods: We tested the hypothesis that the FXR-cistrome is decreased in Atp7b-/- mice in accord with dysregulated bile acid homeostasis.

Results: FXR binding within Atp7b-/- mouse livers displayed surprising complexity: FXR binding was increased in distal intergenic regions but decreased in promoter regions in Atp7b-/- versus wild-type mice. …

The Impact Of Narratives And Active Video Games Among Black And Hispanic Children With Overweight And Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Amy S Lu, Tom Baranowski, Tiago V Barreira, Amy Fleischman, Melanie C Green, Shirley Y Huang, I-Min Lee, Lynne L Levitsky, Farzad Noubary, Debbe Thompson

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Overweight and obesity disproportionately affect Black and Hispanic children who also play more video games. Narratives, coupled with home-based active video games (AVGs), may enhance PA and mitigate these disparities. This study tested the effect of narrative-enhanced home-based AVGs among predominantly Black and Hispanic children with overweight and obesity.

Methods: This 6-month three-group RCT recruited 135 children aged 7-14 from pediatric clinics in Boston, MA (January 2020 - May 2022) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were randomized into: [Narrative + AVG], receiving an Xbox/Kinect with six AVGs interspersed with a narrative animation Ataraxia (72 episodes over six months), which …

“Non-Markovian” And “Directional” Errors Inhibit Scientific Self-Correction And Can Lead Fields Of Study Astray: An Illustration Using Gardening And Obesity-Related Outcomes, Jon Agley, Sarah E Deemer, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Herein we coin the terms non-Markovian error and biased Markovian error to describe categories of scientific errors for which general progress within a field of study may be unlikely to result in scientific self-correction. We provide examples of such errors and show their impact on studies about gardening and obesity.

Multicomponent Parenteral Lipid Emulsions Do Not Prevent Liver Injury In Neonatal Pigs With Obstructive Cholestasis, Greg Guthrie, Caitlin Vonderohe, Valeria Meléndez Hebib, Barbara Stoll, Douglas Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Biliary atresia (BA) is a pediatric liver disease that often necessitates parenteral nutrition (PN) to support growth due to impaired liver function. While soy-based lipid emulsions (SLE) are commonly used in PN, they may contribute to cholestatic liver injury. In contrast, mixed lipid emulsions (MLE) show promise in preventing cholestasis in infants without BA, potentially by restoring bile flow. However, their effectiveness in patients of complete bile duct obstruction, as seen in BA, remains uncertain. To explore the potential benefits of MLE in BA, we utilized a neonatal pig model of bile duct ligation (BDL). Pigs underwent either BDL or …

The Joint Association Of Diet Quality And Sleep Regularity With Incident Cardiovascular Disease In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Kaitlin S Potts, Claire Veldkamp, Alexis C Wood, Erin D Michos, Raymond Noordam, Tianyi Huang, Susan Redline, Heming Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background/objectives: Diet quality and sleep regularity both influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and may influence each other, but there is scarce evidence for their joint or interacting associations in relation to CVD. We assessed these associations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Methods: Participants free of CVD with valid diet and sleep measures in 2010-2013 were included and followed through 2020 for detection of incident CVD (188 events detected over 8.8 years among 1782 participants; 55% women). Sleep timing and duration regularity were assessed via the intra-individual SD of sleep onset time and duration across 5- to 7-day actigraphy. …

Global Dna Methylation Differences Involving Germline Structural Variation Impact Gene Expression In Pediatric Brain Tumors, Fengju Chen, Yiqun Zhang, Wei Li, Fritz J Sedlazeck, Lanlan Shen, Chad J Creighton

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The extent of genetic variation and its influence on gene expression across multiple tissue and cellular contexts is still being characterized, with germline Structural Variants (SVs) being historically understudied. DNA methylation also represents a component of normal germline variation across individuals. Here, we combine germline SVs (by short-read sequencing) with tumor DNA methylation across 1292 pediatric brain tumor patients. For thousands of methylation probes for CpG Islands (CGIs) or enhancers, rare and common SV breakpoints upstream or downstream associate with differential methylation in tumors spanning various histologic types, a significant subset involving genes with SV-associated differential expression. Cancer predisposition genes …

Relationship Between Maternal Plasma Retinol And Provitamin A Carotenoids With Fetal And Infant Kidney Development, Anum Akbar

Theses & Dissertations

Vitamin A plays a critical role in fetal organ development. Studies suggest that maternal vitamin A deficiency affects fetal nephron numbers, potentially leading to smaller kidney sizes and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease later in life. However, human studies exploring maternal vitamin A's impact on fetal kidney development lack longitudinal data and within-cohort comparisons. Furthermore, the influence of provitamin A carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin) on kidney size remains unexplored. This dissertation addresses these gaps by analyzing relationships between maternal and cord plasma retinol and provitamin A carotenoid concentrations with fetal and infant kidney sizes. Our prospective cohort …

Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial To Determine If Biomarkers Predict Response To A Pediatric Chronic Pain Symptom Management Program, Rona L Levy, Tasha B Murphy, Margaret M Heitkemper, Miranda A L Van Tilburg, Ann R Mcmeans, Jocelyn Chang, Cynthia Boutte, Katherine Lamparyk, Bruno P Chumpitazi, Robert J Shulman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background/Objectives: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), characterized by chronic abdominal pain and significant disability, affect 15-20% of children and adults and continue into adulthood in ~60% of cases. Costs for adults reach USD 30 billion per year, yet effective management strategies are elusive. Studies support using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), but abdominal pain only improves in ~40% of patients. Dietary management (low FODMAP diet; LFD) has also shown promise but it is effective in only a similar percentage of patients. Studies suggest that biologic factors (biomarkers) contribute to CBT response. Similarly, gut microbiome composition appears to influence abdominal pain …

Excess Fructose In High-Fructose Corn Syrup Reduces Cell Viability & Promotes Nitric Oxide Release In Raw 264.7 Macrophages, Renzo F. Galarza, Edward L. Villegas

Research and Creativity Symposium

High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is an artificial sweetener that contains slightly higher concentrations of fructose compared to standard sucrose. It has been linked to an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and fatty liver disease. While both HFCS and sucrose are widely used sweeteners, growing evidence suggests they may differ in their inflammatory potential. We sought to understand the effects of elevated fructose on RAW 264.7 macrophages. To investigate these effects, we treated the cells with either a sucrose solution or a
solution designed to mimic high-fructose corn syrup. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was used to model innate …

Author Correction: Predictive Equation Derived From 6,497 Doubly Labelled Water Measurements Enables The Detection Of Erroneous Self-Reported Energy Intake, Rania Bajunaid, Chaoqun Niu, Catherine Hambly, Zongfang Liu, Yosuke Yamada, Heliodoro Aleman-Mateo, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Linda Bandini, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Carlijn V C Bouten, Soren Brage, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Regina Casper, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S W Davies, Prasangi Dabare, Lara R Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Melanie Gillingham, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Hinke H Haisma, Daniel Hoffman, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Rebecca Kuriyan, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, Pulani Lanerolle, Christel L Larsson, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Marie Löf, Corby K Martin, Eric Matsiko, Anine C Medin, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Aviva Must, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Christine D Nyström, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M Redman, John J Reilly, Rebecca Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Dulani Samaranayakem, Luis B Sardinha, Analiza M Silva, Anders M Sjödin, Marina Stamatiou, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar G A H Van Mil, George Wilson, Jack A Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Srishti Sinha, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Distinct Adipose Progenitor Cells Emerging With Age Drive Active Adipogenesis, Guan Wang, Gaoyan Li, Anying Song, Yutian Zhao, Jiayu Yu, Yifan Wang, Wenting Dai, Martha Salas, Hanjun Qin, Leonard Medrano, Joan Dow, Aimin Li, Brian Armstrong, Patrick T Fueger, Hua Yu, Yi Zhu, Mengle Shao, Xiwei Wu, Lei Jiang, Judith Campisi, Xia Yang, Qiong A Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Starting at middle age, adults often suffer from visceral adiposity and associated adverse metabolic disorders. Lineage tracing in mice revealed that adipose progenitor cells (APCs) in visceral fat undergo extensive adipogenesis during middle age. Thus, despite the low turnover rate of adipocytes in young adults, adipogenesis is unlocked during middle age. Transplantations quantitatively showed that APCs in middle-aged mice exhibited high adipogenic capacity cell-autonomously. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified a distinct APC population, the committed preadipocyte, age-enriched (CP-A), emerging at this age. CP-As demonstrated elevated proliferation and adipogenesis activity. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations indicated that leukemia inhibitory factor receptor signaling was …

Exploring The Acute Effects Of Sedentary Behaviors On Cardiometabolic Risk In Hispanic Adolescents With Obesity: A Randomized Crossover Study, Erica G Soltero, Osamah Salim, Yiming Mirabile, Salma M Musaad

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background/Objectives: Time spent in sedentary pursuits is associated with adverse metabolic profiles. Adolescents spend 65-75% of their day in sedentary pursuits; however, evidence among youth is less conclusive. This study examined the effects of an acute 4 h bout of sedentary behaviors on cardiometabolic outcomes and energy expenditure in Hispanic adolescents (12-16 years old) with obesity (BMI% ≥ 95th).

Methods: This study used a randomized cross-over design to engage participants (N = 12) in two sedentary conditions, an active condition where youth were engaged in two hours of 'active' sitting activities (e.g., reading and puzzles) and two hours …

Effects Of Beetroot Juice Supplementation On Power Output During Resistance Exercise In Resistance-Trained Women, Christopher B. Sottile, Sydney N. Brennan, Trevor J. Molnar, Raymond T. Gerardo, Justin M. Foster, Ryan Tran, Michael Egiazarian, Kyle S. Geppert, Abigial F. Ballhagen, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

Dietary nitrate supplementation has been reported to enhance explosive-type movements, but our understanding of the ergogenic potential of nitrate in resistance exercise and women is understudied. PURPOSE: To investigate if dietary nitrate, provided as nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR), improved resistance exercise performance compared to nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PL) in resistance-trained women. METHODS: Eighteen resistance-trained women were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to consume PL (0.10 mmol nitrate) and BR (6 mmol of nitrate) 2.5 h prior to performing barbell back squats and bench press at 55% one-repetition max (1RM), 60%1RM, and 65%1RM. Power and velocity were measured via …

A Cluster Randomized Trial Of Xylitol Chewing Gum For Prevention Of Preterm Birth: The Ppax Trial, Gregory C Valentine, Kathleen M Antony, Haleh Sangi-Haghpeykar, Alexis C Wood, Rose Chirwa, Saukani Petro, Mary Dumba, Deborah Nanthuru, Cynthia Shope, Jesse Mlotha-Namarika, Jeffrey Wilkinson, Joshua Aagaard, Ellen J Aagaard, Maxim D Seferovic, Judy Levison, Peter Kazembe, Kjersti M Aagaard

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Maternal periodontal disease is associated with preterm and low-birthweight deliveries, but randomized trials of likely efficacious treatments (e.g., dental scaling and root planing) during pregnancy have not reduced these adverse outcomes. As an alternative, we hypothesized that periconception initiation of xylitol chewing gum would reduce the occurrence of preterm or low-birthweight deliveries among a historical high-prevalence population in Malawi.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, parallel-enrollment, matched-pair, cluster-randomized, controlled clinical trial across eight health centers (sites) in and around Lilongwe, Malawi. Sites were paired by anticipated delivery volume and randomized to prenatal and oral health education alone (active control) or …

Vestibular Neurons Link Motion Sickness, Behavioural Thermoregulation And Metabolic Balance In Mice, Longlong Tu, Xing Fang, Yongjie Yang, Meng Yu, Hailan Liu, Hesong Liu, Na Yin, Jonathan C Bean, Kristine M Conde, Mengjie Wang, Yongxiang Li, Olivia Z Ginnard, Qingzhuo Liu, Yuhan Shi, Junying Han, Yi Zhu, Makoto Fukuda, Qingchun Tong, Benjamin Arenkiel, Mingshan Xue, Yang He, Chunmei Wang, Yong Xu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Motion sickness is associated with thermoregulation and metabolic control, but the underlying neural circuitry remains largely unknown. Here we show that neurons in the medial vestibular nuclei parvocellular part (MVePC) mediate the hypothermic responses induced by motion. Reactivation of motion-sensitive MVePC neurons recapitulates motion sickness in mice. We show that motion-activated neurons in the MVePC are glutamatergic (MVePCGlu), and that optogenetic stimulation of MVePCGlu neurons mimics motion-induced hypothermia by signalling to the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN). Acute inhibition of MVePC-LPBN circuitry abrogates motion-induced hypothermia. Finally, we show that chronic inhibition of MVePCGlu neurons prevents diet-induced obesity and improves glucose homeostasis …

Quality-Of-Care Measures For Cardio-Oncology: An Ic-Os And Acc Cardio-Oncology Leadership Council Perspective, Vijay U Rao, Anita Deswal, Daniel Lenihan, Susan Dent, Teresa Lopez-Fernandez, Alexander R Lyon, Ana Barac, Nicolas Palaskas, Ming Hui Chen, Hector R Villarraga, Diego Sadler, Courtney M Campbell, Kerry Skurka, Matt J Wagner, Matthias Totzeck, Kathryn J Ruddy, Paul Heidenreich, Randal Thomas, Daniel Addison, Sarju Ganatra, Richard Cheng, David Reeves, Arjun K Ghosh, Joerg Herrmann

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

This document serves as a perspective on quality assessments in the discipline of cardio-oncology. We aim to define the current landscape, identify needs for quality and outcome improvements, and propose a roadmap for establishing viable metrics to improve patient care. Specifically, this document: 1) addresses the current lack of measurable high-quality metrics in cardio-oncology and their implications; 2) highlights needs and topic-specific barriers; 3) illustrates the process and application of a measurable quality metric; and 4) provides a framework to demonstrate measurable value for the growing population of patients with cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Demographic Clinical Trial Diversity Assessment Methods: Use Of Real-World Data, Hua Chen, Nnadozie Emechebe, Sudeep Karve, Leon Raskin, Jailene Leal, Ning Cheng, Wendy Sebby, Kim Ribeiro, Samuel Crawford

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Diversity in clinical trials is defined by the inclusion of clinical trial participants from various demographic groups that are representative of the broader population impacted by a disease state. Diversity in clinical trials is critical in identifying potential differences in safety and efficacy of treatments across races, ethnicities, ages, sexes, or other variables. In the United States, clinical trial diversity is often benchmarked against US Census data, which may limit the representativeness of patient demographics in clinical trials. Disease-specific, demographic estimates from real-world data (RWD) can facilitate benchmarking of clinical trials, support trial enrollment and the development of trial diversity …

Gastroesophageal Reflux And Gastrointestinal Symptoms After Metabolic And Bariatric Surgery In Adolescents: An 8-Year Follow-Up Analysis, John B Rode, Suhail A Zeineddin, Jane C Khoury, Todd M Jenkins, Stephanie R Sisley, Anita P Courcoulas, Justin R Ryder, Marc P Michalsky, Thomas H Inge

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Importance: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are the most commonly performed metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedures in adolescents and adults. Despite their safety and effectiveness, there is concern over postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), especially gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS), in those undergoing VSG.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term prevalence of GIS in adolescents who underwent RYGB or VSG.

Design, setting, and participants: This is a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study at five academic referral centers in the United States. Patients were enrolled from February 28, 2007, through December 30, 2011. The analysis included 228 adolescents: 161 …

Neighborhood Disadvantage And Inequities In Access To Preemptive And Living Kidney Transplantation, Brandon M Fairless, Oluwatunmise A Fawole, Duc T Nguyen, Ankona Banerjee, Kenneth J Nobleza, Abiodun O Oluyomi, Omar Rosales, Jayna M Dave, Elizabeth A Onugha

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Key Points:

1. Pediatric patients residing in low-resource neighborhoods experienced lower rates of preemptive and living donor kidney transplantation.

2. Household-level factors (single-parent, non-English primary language, and receiving government assistance) may also affect the type of transplant received.

3. Area Deprivation Index scores offer an objective way to quantify neighborhood-level disadvantage and can enhance pretransplant screening.

Background: Living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) generally results in better outcomes than deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT). Preemptive kidney transplant (KT) allows patients to bypass undergoing maintenance dialysis and is associated with improved patient and graft survival. Studies in the US pediatric population have shown racial-ethnic disparities …

Adipose Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Suppress Macrophage M1 Program To Alleviate Midlife Obesity, Qing Zhou, Jia Gao, Guorao Wu, Chenwei Wang, Yan Yang, Teng Huang, Yi Wang, Tiantian Yue, Zhichao Gao, Hao Xie, Fei Xiong, Ke Xiang, Tuying Yong, Wanguang Zhang, Tongtong Zhang, Wen Kong, Cai Chen, Shu Zhang, Qilin Yu, Xuemei Fan, Shiwei Liu, Yanjun Liu, Cong-Yi Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Among different age groups, middle-aged individuals are particularly susceptible to obesity, with a 22% higher risk of all-cause mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identify adipose progenitor cells (APCs) in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of middle-aged subjects as potential causes of midlife obesity. Specifically, the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from APCs display an impaired ability to mitigate the inflammaging of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in middle-aged individuals. Mechanistically, these EVs, lacking miR-145-5p, fail to suppress the expression of L-selectin in ATMs, thereby facilitating their M1 program via the NF-κB signaling pathway. In contrast, EVs …

Genetic Associations With C-Peptide Levels Before Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis In At-Risk Relatives, Taylor M Triolo, Hemang M Parikh, Mustafa Tosur, Lauric A Ferrat, Lu You, Peter A Gottlieb, Richard A Oram, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Jeffrey P Krischer, Stephen S Rich, Andrea K Steck, Maria J Redondo

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: We sought to determine whether the type 1 diabetes genetic risk score-2 (T1D-GRS2) and single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with C-peptide preservation before type 1 diabetes diagnosis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 713 autoantibody-positive participants who developed type 1 diabetes in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study who had T1DExomeChip data. We evaluated the relationships of 16 known single nucleotide polymorphisms and T1D-GRS2 with area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide levels during oral glucose tolerance tests conducted in the 9 months before diagnosis.

Results: Higher T1D-GRS2 was associated with lower C-peptide AUC in the 9 months before …

Exploring Profiles Of Fathers Integrating Food And Physical Activity Parenting Practices, John A Jimenez-Garcia, Louise C Mâsse, Robert L Newton, Salma M Musaad, Alicia Beltran, Teresia M O'Connor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: This study aims to identify fathers' profiles integrating food parenting practices (FPP) and physical activity parenting practices (PAPP).

Design: We analysed cross-sectional data. The fathers completed the reduced FPP and PAPP item banks and socio-demographic and family dynamics (co-parenting and household responsibility) questionnaires. We identified fathers' profiles via latent profile analysis. We explored the influence of social determinants, child characteristics and family dynamics on fathers' profiles using multinomial logistic regression.

Setting: Online survey in the USA.

Participants: Fathers of 5-11-year-old children.

Results: We analysed data from 606 fathers (age = 38 ± 8·0; Hispanic = 37·5 %). Most fathers …