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Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Neural Mechanisms Of Language Development In Infancy, Scott Huberty, Christian O'Reilly, Virginia Carter Leno, Mandy Steiman, Sara J. Webb, Mayada Elsabbagh, The Basis Team Mar 2023

Neural Mechanisms Of Language Development In Infancy, Scott Huberty, Christian O'Reilly, Virginia Carter Leno, Mandy Steiman, Sara J. Webb, Mayada Elsabbagh, The Basis Team

Publications

Understanding the neural processes underpinning individual differences in early language development is of increasing interest, as it is known to vary in typical development and to be quite heterogeneous in neurodevelopmental conditions. However, few studies to date have tested whether early brain measures are indicative of the developmental trajectory of language, as opposed to language outcomes at specific ages. We combined recordings from two longitudinal studies, including typically developing infants without a family history of autism, and infants with increased likelihood of developing autism (infant-siblings) (N = 191). Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded at 6 months, and behavioral assessments at …

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Inter-Subject Correlation While Listening To Minimalist Music: A Study Of Electrophysiological And Behavioral Responses To Steve Reich’S Piano Phase, Tysen Dauer, Duc T. Nguyen, Nick Gang, Jacek P. Dmochowski, Jonathan Berger, Blair Kaneshiro Dec 2021

Inter-Subject Correlation While Listening To Minimalist Music: A Study Of Electrophysiological And Behavioral Responses To Steve Reich’S Piano Phase, Tysen Dauer, Duc T. Nguyen, Nick Gang, Jacek P. Dmochowski, Jonathan Berger, Blair Kaneshiro

Publications and Research

Musical minimalism utilizes the temporal manipulation of restricted collections of rhythmic, melodic, and/or harmonic materials. One example, Steve Reich’s Piano Phase, offers listeners readily audible formal structure with unpredictable events at the local level. For example, pattern recurrences may generate strong expectations which are violated by small temporal and pitch deviations. A hyper-detailed listening strategy prompted by these minute deviations stands in contrast to the type of listening engagement typically cultivated around functional tonal Western music. Recent research has suggested that the inter-subject correlation (ISC) of electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to natural audio-visual stimuli objectively indexes a state of “engagement,” demonstrating …

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Classical Conditioning Of Cognitive States, Arthur Burns Jul 2021

Classical Conditioning Of Cognitive States, Arthur Burns

Neuroscience Presentations

This research sought out to do preliminary testing to prepare for honors research in the 2021 academic year. This research focuses on attempting to classically condition cognitive states. Learning tasks were designed to elicit relaxation or arousal in partisans and a combination of EEG data, pupil dilation data, performance on cognitive tasks, and self-report were used to evaluate the level of cognitive states in participants.

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Classical Conditioning Of Cognitive States, Arthur Burns Jul 2021

Classical Conditioning Of Cognitive States, Arthur Burns

Neuroscience Summer Fellows

This research sought out to do preliminary testing to prepare for honors research in the 2021 academic year. This research focuses on attempting to classically condition cognitive states. Learning tasks were designed to elicit relaxation or arousal in partisans and a combination of EEG data, pupil dilation data, performance on cognitive tasks, and self-report were used to evaluate the level of cognitive states in participants.

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Performance Of Openbci Eeg Binary Intent Classification With Laryngeal Imagery, Nathan George, Samuel Kuhn Jul 2021

Performance Of Openbci Eeg Binary Intent Classification With Laryngeal Imagery, Nathan George, Samuel Kuhn

Regis University Faculty Publications (comprehensive list)

One of the greatest goals of neuroscience in recent decades has been to rehabilitate individuals who no longer have a functional relationship between their mind and their body. Although neuroscience has produced technologies which allow the brains of paralyzed patients to accomplish tasks such as spell words or control a motorized wheelchair, these technologies utilize parts of the brain which may not be optimal for simultaneous use. For example, if you needed to look at flashing lights to spell words for communication, it would be difficult to simultaneously look at where you are moving. To improve upon this issue, this …

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Deep-Learning-Based Multivariate Pattern Analysis (Dmvpa): A Tutorial And A Toolbox, Karl M. Kuntzelman, Jacob M. Williams, Phui Cheng Lim, Ashtok Samal, Prahalada K. Rao, Matthew R. Johnson Mar 2021

Deep-Learning-Based Multivariate Pattern Analysis (Dmvpa): A Tutorial And A Toolbox, Karl M. Kuntzelman, Jacob M. Williams, Phui Cheng Lim, Ashtok Samal, Prahalada K. Rao, Matthew R. Johnson

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty and Staff Publications

In recent years, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) has been hugely beneficial for cognitive neuroscience by making new experiment designs possible and by increasing the inferential power of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and other neuroimaging methodologies. In a similar time frame, “deep learning” (a term for the use of artificial neural networks with convolutional, recurrent, or similarly sophisticated architectures) has produced a parallel revolution in the field of machine learning and has been employed across a wide variety of applications. Traditional MVPA also uses a form of machine learning, but most commonly with much simpler techniques based on …

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Neural Correlates Of The Dunning-Kruger Effect, Alana Muller, Lindsey A. Sirianni, Richard Addante Jan 2021

Neural Correlates Of The Dunning-Kruger Effect, Alana Muller, Lindsey A. Sirianni, Richard Addante

Psychology Faculty Publications

The Dunning-Kruger effect (DKE) is a metacognitive phenomenon of illusory superiority in which individuals who perform poorly on a task believe they performed better than others, yet individuals who performed very well believe they under-performed compared to others. This phenomenon has yet to be directly explored in episodic memory, nor explored for physiological correlates or reaction times. We designed a novel method to elicit the DKE via a test of item recognition while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Throughout the task, participants were asked to estimate the percentile in which they performed compared to others. Results revealed participants in the bottom …

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Variations In Slow-Wave Eeg And Working Memory Deficits During Letter Number Sequencing Task Post-Concussion, Morgan Sotoloff Jul 2020

Variations In Slow-Wave Eeg And Working Memory Deficits During Letter Number Sequencing Task Post-Concussion, Morgan Sotoloff

Neuroscience Presentations

Concussions are associated with various types of consequences, both short-term and long-term: ranging from acute symptomatology, resting protocols, return-to-play decisions, and the lingering effects that have been found to have significant impacts on cognitive processes and function in many individuals several months post-concussion. Previous research has demonstrated that certain dimensions of executive function are especially susceptible to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), specifically working memory and attention. Studies that have previously utilized electroencephalography (EEG), have found that increased very low frequency oscillations (VLFO) are associated with a disruption of goal-oriented activities, difficulties in cognition, hyperactivity, and inattention in concussed individuals …

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The Action-Perception Of Musical Rhythm: A Review Of Eeg Findings, Jordan Anderson Jan 2020

The Action-Perception Of Musical Rhythm: A Review Of Eeg Findings, Jordan Anderson

Summer Research

Electroencephalography (EEG) research has the potential to illuminate questions of connectivity and temporal dynamics during musical rhythm perception. The phenomenon of sensorimotor synchronization observed when humans time their movements to rhythmic auditory stimuli reveals that these actions predict, rather than respond, to the beat. The phase entrainment of oscillatory activity measured by EEG and predictive modulation of beta band power offer cognitive insights to the auditory-motor relationship. Two main approaches exist to understand beat perception: motor simulation theories and dynamical systems theories. The study of mu wave suppression, considered a marker for mirror activity, has the potential to elucidate the …

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Visual Modulation Of Resting State Α Oscillations, Kelly Webster, Tony Ro Dec 2019

Visual Modulation Of Resting State Α Oscillations, Kelly Webster, Tony Ro

Publications and Research

Once thought to simply reflect passive cortical idling, recent studies have demonstrated that α oscillations play a causal role in cognition and perception. However, whether and how cognitive or sensory processes modulate various components of the α rhythm is poorly understood. Sensory input and resting states were manipulated in human subjects while electroencephalography (EEG) activity was recorded in three conditions: eyes-open fixating on a visual stimulus, eyes-open without visual input (darkness), and eyes-closed without visual input (darkness). We show that α power and peak frequency increase when visual input is reduced compared to the eyes open, fixating condition. These results …

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The Variability Of Neural Responses To Naturalistic Videos Change With Age And Sex, Agustin Petroni, Samantha Cohen, Lei Ai, Nicolas Langer, Simon Henin, Tamara Vanderwal, Michael P. Milham, Lucas C. Parra Jan 2018

The Variability Of Neural Responses To Naturalistic Videos Change With Age And Sex, Agustin Petroni, Samantha Cohen, Lei Ai, Nicolas Langer, Simon Henin, Tamara Vanderwal, Michael P. Milham, Lucas C. Parra

Publications and Research

Neural development is generally marked by an increase in the efficiency and diversity of neural processes. In a large sample (n=114) of human children and adults with ages ranging from 5 to 44 yr, we investigated the neural responses to naturalistic video stimuli. Videos from both real-life classroom settings and Hollywood feature films were used to probe different aspects of attention and engagement. For all stimuli, older ages were marked by more variable neural responses. Variability was assessed by the intersubject correlation of evoked electroencephalographic responses. Young males also had less-variable responses than young females. These results were replicated in …

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Maturation In Auditory Event-Related Potentials Explains Variation In Language Ability In Children., Elaine Yuen Ling Kwok, Marc F Joanisse, Lisa Archibald, Margot E. Stothers, Heather M Brown, Janis Oram Cardy Jan 2018

Maturation In Auditory Event-Related Potentials Explains Variation In Language Ability In Children., Elaine Yuen Ling Kwok, Marc F Joanisse, Lisa Archibald, Margot E. Stothers, Heather M Brown, Janis Oram Cardy

Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Publications

Processing of auditory information in the cortex continues to develop into later childhood and adolescence. Recent research has indicated that intraclass correlation (ICC) is the best method for capturing maturation in auditory event-related potentials (AEPs) of school-age children. However, the sensitivity of the ICC approach in discerning AEP changes in children has not been consistently demonstrated and positive results have not been replicated. We attempted this replication and further explored whether AEP maturation estimated using the ICC approach predicts cognitive and linguistic abilities in addition to chronological age. We measured AEPs in response to simple tones in groups of 7-, …

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Tuning Up The Old Brain With New Tricks: Attention Training Via Neurofeedback, Yang Jiang, Reza Abiri, Xiaopeng Zhao Mar 2017

Tuning Up The Old Brain With New Tricks: Attention Training Via Neurofeedback, Yang Jiang, Reza Abiri, Xiaopeng Zhao

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Neurofeedback (NF) is a form of biofeedback that uses real-time (RT) modulation of brain activity to enhance brain function and behavioral performance. Recent advances in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) and cognitive training (CT) have provided new tools and evidence that NF improves cognitive functions, such as attention and working memory (WM), beyond what is provided by traditional CT. More published studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NF, particularly for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. In contrast, there have been fewer studies done in older adults with or without cognitive impairment, with some notable exceptions. The focus of this …

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Eeg Study Of The Featural And Configural Components Of Face Perception, Heather Rose Stegman Jan 2017

Eeg Study Of The Featural And Configural Components Of Face Perception, Heather Rose Stegman

Summer Research

Prior research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggests that facial features (i.e. eyes, nose, and mouth) and their configuration (i.e. T-shaped arrangement of features) are processed in different face-specific brain regions. However, precise response time of featural and configural face processing is unknown. Featural processing may occur before configural processing, or configural processing may occur before featural processing; conversely, they may occur simultaneously. Here, using the electroencephalography (EEG), we will examine the face-specific event related potential (ERP), the N170, to analyze temporal differences between featural and configural face processing.

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Behavioral And Neural Indices Of Metacognitive Sensitivity In Preverbal Infants, Louise Goupil, Sid Kouider Jan 2016

Behavioral And Neural Indices Of Metacognitive Sensitivity In Preverbal Infants, Louise Goupil, Sid Kouider

Biology Faculty Publications

Humans adapt their behavior not only by observing the consequences of their actions but also by internally monitoring their performance. This capacity, termed metacognitive sensitivity [1 ; 2], has traditionally been denied to young children because they have poor capacities in verbally reporting their own mental states [3; 4 ; 5]. Yet, these observations might reflect children’s limited capacities for explicit self-reports, rather than limitations in metacognition per se. Indeed, metacognitive sensitivity has been shown to reflect simple computational mechanisms [1; 6; 7 ; 8], and can be found in various …

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Histological Characterization Of Inter Ictal Epileptiform Discharges Generating Brain Regions Using A Preclinical Model Of Focal Cortical Dysplasia, Abhay S. Deshmukh Nov 2015

Histological Characterization Of Inter Ictal Epileptiform Discharges Generating Brain Regions Using A Preclinical Model Of Focal Cortical Dysplasia, Abhay S. Deshmukh

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Current clinical practice of resective surgery in focal epilepsy involves electroencephalogram (EEG) brain source imaging to localize irritative brain areas from where Inter-ictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) emerge, useful to localize the seizures-onset zones. Unfortunately, there are no previous systematic studies to characterize the pathophysiological mechanisms and abnormal cellular substrates in these irritative areas since histological data are available only from the final resective zones. To address this issue we applied a combination of EEG brain imaging described by Bae et al. (2015) using cutting-edge technology for high-density scalp EEG in rodents and histological analysis on a chronic rat model of …

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Electrophysiological Changes Of N100 Latency And Amplitude In Healthy Participants Performing The Jitter Orientated Visual Integration Task: A Multi-Block Design Study, Fariya Naz Apr 2015

Electrophysiological Changes Of N100 Latency And Amplitude In Healthy Participants Performing The Jitter Orientated Visual Integration Task: A Multi-Block Design Study, Fariya Naz

University Scholar Projects

The present study investigated the differences in processing during visual integration in healthy adults. The visual N100 indexes early visual discrimination and in this case, was hypothesized to show differences in both latency and amplitude depending on the level of difficulty which corresponds to orientational jitter in a visual integration task. Four blocks with pseudo-random levels of jitter were presented to participants in the Jitter Oriented Visual Integration (JOVI) task. Results looking at the Oz channel showed significant reduction in amplitude in the visual N100 during the more difficult levels condition of the task. The multi-block design, originally expected to …

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Entraining Brain Oscillations To Influence Facial Perception, Rosie Irwin Jan 2015

Entraining Brain Oscillations To Influence Facial Perception, Rosie Irwin

Summer Research

Relatively little is known about the role of brain oscillations in relation to cognitive function. While oscillations of all frequencies have be associated with most any neural process, no conclusive data has been found to support if oscillations are simply emergent or if they play a causal role in cognitive functions. To make headway on this problem, we employed entrainment, a technique used to synchronize brain oscillations. Entrainment was achieved by presenting subjects with alternating images of a neutral face and a scrambled face at 4 Hz such that the faces were presented at 2 Hz. After a few seconds …

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Mao-A And The Eeg Recognition Memory Signal In Left Parietal Cortex, Claire M. Fisher, Robert Ross, Erika Nyhus, Tim Curran Apr 2014

Mao-A And The Eeg Recognition Memory Signal In Left Parietal Cortex, Claire M. Fisher, Robert Ross, Erika Nyhus, Tim Curran

Student Research Projects

A key part of episodic memory, or memory for the events of our lives, is recognition memory. Recognition memory is the ability to remember previously encountered stimuli. Studies have linked recognition memory to the old/new effect, an EEG indicator of stimulus familiarity. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that catalyzes monoamines, leading to the depletion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. MAO-A is more efficiently transcribed in individuals with a 4 repeating sequence variation (4R) of the MAO-A gene leading to less monoamine availability. As many of these monoamines have been linked to episodic memory, we hypothesized that individuals …

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Effect Of Out-Group Exposure On The Mirror Neuron System, Mackenzie Hepker Jan 2012

Effect Of Out-Group Exposure On The Mirror Neuron System, Mackenzie Hepker

Summer Research

Mirror neurons appear to play an important role in the experience of empathy, and may be critical for understanding the social signals of others in an interactive context between distinctly identified groups. Research has shown that mirror neuron activation is greater when observing in-group members (others that one most identifies with based on a certain factor or number of factors) as opposed to out-group members, which may implicate the mirror neuron system (MNS) in the neural aspect of social bias. However, no research had been conducted on the effect on the MNS of practice in interpreting and internalizing social signals …

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