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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology
Dynamics And Control In Spiking Neural Networks, Fuqiang Huang
Dynamics And Control In Spiking Neural Networks, Fuqiang Huang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
In the brain, neurons (brain cells) produce electrical impulses, or spikes, that are thought to be the substrate of information processing and computation. Through enigmatic processes, these spikes are ultimately decoded into perceptions and actions. The nature of this encoding and decoding is one of the most pervasive questions in theoretical neuroscience. In other words, what are the specific functions enacted by neural circuits, through their biophysics and dynamics? This thesis examines the dynamics of neural networks from the perspective of control theory and engineering. The pivotal concept is that of the normative synthesis of neural circuits, wherein neural dynamics …
A Microfluidic Platform To Investigate The Mechanism By Which Gdnf Overexpression In Schwann Cells Causes Neuronal Axon Entrapment, Ze Zhong Wang
A Microfluidic Platform To Investigate The Mechanism By Which Gdnf Overexpression In Schwann Cells Causes Neuronal Axon Entrapment, Ze Zhong Wang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Twenty million Americans suffer from peripheral nerve injury (PNI) caused by trauma and medical disorders, with approximately $150 billion spent in annual health-care dollars in the United States. Even with proper surgical reconstruction, less than 50% of the patients achieve satisfactory functional recovery. The gold standard surgical repair for long gaps (>3cm) is the autologous nerve graft, despite its disadvantages such as donor site morbidity, risk of infection, and increased cost. Alternative methods, such as acellular nerve grafts (ANA), are ineffective for large lesion gaps because of the lack of cells and regeneration factors. Recent efforts have been focused …
Coupled Correlates Of Attention And Consciousness, Ravi Varkki Chacko
Coupled Correlates Of Attention And Consciousness, Ravi Varkki Chacko
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Introduction: Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have been shown to restore lost motor function that occurs in stroke using electrophysiological signals. However, little evidence exists for the use of BCIs to restore non-motor stroke deficits, such as the attention deficits seen in hemineglect. Attention is a cognitive function that selects objects or ideas for further neural processing, presumably to facilitate optimal behavior. Developing BCIs for attention is different from developing motor BCIs because attention networks in the brain are more distributed and associative than motor networks. For example, hemineglect patients have reduced levels of arousal, which exacerbates their attentional deficits. More …
Approaches To Understanding The Function Of Intrinsic Activity And Its Relationship To Task-Evoked Activity In The Human Brain, Dohyun Kim
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Traditionally neuroscience research has focused on characterizing the topography and patterns of brain activation evoked by specific cognitive or behavioral tasks to understand human brain functions. This activation-based paradigm treated underlying spontaneous brain activity, a.k.a. intrinsic activity, as noise hence irrelevant to cognitive or behavioral functions. This view, however, has been profoundly modified by the discovery that intrinsic activity is not random, but temporally correlated at rest in widely distributed spatiotemporal patterns, so called resting state networks (RSN). Studies of temporal correlation of spontaneous activity among brain regions, or functional connectivity (FC), have yielded important insights into the network organization …
Elucidating The Roles Of Astrocyte-Derived Factors In Recovery And Regeneration Following Spinal Cord Injury, Russell E. Thompson
Elucidating The Roles Of Astrocyte-Derived Factors In Recovery And Regeneration Following Spinal Cord Injury, Russell E. Thompson
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Central nervous system (CNS) injury often causes some level of long-term functional deficit, due to the limited regenerative potential of the CNS, that results in a decreased quality of life for patients. CNS regeneration is inhibited partly by the development of a glial scar following insult that is inhibitory to axonal growth. The major cell population responsible for the formation this glial scar are astrocytes, which has led to the belief that astrocytes are primarily inhibitory following injury. Recent work has challenged this conclusion, finding that astrocyte reactivity is heterogeneous and that some astrocytes are pro-regenerative following injury. Astrocyte transplantation …