Neuroscience and Neurobiology | Open Access Articles

Are Different Actions Mediated By Distinct Systems Of Knowledge In Infancy?, Peter Vishton

Peter Vishton

This chapter considers why studies of infant looking and reaching often suggest different patterns of cognitive and perceptual development. In some cases, convergent results have emerged from studies of infant looking and reaching, but differences are common. The most typical results suggest less adult-like perception and cognition in studies of reaching than in studies of looking. Several reaching studies, however, do not fit this pattern, suggesting that reaching actions may be mediated by distinct systems of knowledge and information processing. Comparisons of research on other behaviors, such as crawling and walking, also suggest that infant knowledge systems vary across actions. …

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_Chemosensory Role Of A Reproductive Hormone- Associating Gnrh Neurons With Taste And Olfactory Systems In Teleost Fish Format 2.Pptx, Gabriel Mchugh

Gabriel McHugh

Poster for presentation

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Cerebral Substrates Of Musical Imagery, Andrea Halpern

Andrea Halpern

No abstract provided.

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Memory For Melodies, Andrea Halpern, J.C. Bartlett

Andrea Halpern

No abstract provided.

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Common Parietal Activation In Musical Mental Transformations Across Pitch And Time, Nicholas E.V. Foster, Andrea Halpern, Robert J. Zatorre

Andrea Halpern

We previously observed that mental manipulation of the pitch level or temporal organization of melodies results in functional activation in the human intraparietal sulcus (IPS), a region also associated with visuospatial transformation and numerical calculation. Two outstanding questions about these musical transformations are whether pitch and time depend on separate or common processing in IPS, and whether IPS recruitment in melodic tasks varies depending upon the degree of transformation required (as it does in mental rotation). In the present study we sought to answer these questions by applying functional magnetic resonance imaging while musicians performed closely matched mental transposition (pitch …

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Feel The Noise: Relating Individual Differences In Auditory Imagery To The Structure And Function Of Sensorimotor Systems, Cesar F. Lima, Nadine Lavan, Samuel Evans, Zarinah Agnew, Andrea R. Halpern, Pradheep Shanmugalingam, Sophie Meekings, Dana Boebinger, Markus Ostarek, Carolyn Mcgettigan, Jane E. Warren, Sophie K. Scott

Andrea Halpern

Humans can generate mental auditory images of voices or songs, sometimes perceiving them almost as vividly as perceptual experiences. The functional networks supporting auditory imagery have been described, but less is known about the systems associated with interindividual differences in auditory imagery. Combining voxel-based morphometry and fMRI, we examined the structural basis of interindividual differences in how auditory images are subjectively perceived, and explored associations between auditory imagery, sensory-based processing, and visual imagery. Vividness of auditory imagery correlated with gray matter volume in the supplementary motor area (SMA), parietal cortex, medial superior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus. An analysis …

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Mapping Molecular Datasets Back To The Brain Regions They Are Extracted From: Remembering The Native Countries Of Hypothalamic Expatriates And Refugees, Arshad M. Khan, Alice H. Grant, Anais Martinez, Gully Apc Burns, Brendan S. Thatcher, Vishwanath T. Anekonda, Benjamin W. Thompson, Zachary S. Roberts, Daniel H. Moralejo, James E. Blevins

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

This article, which includes novel unpublished data along with commentary and analysis,

focuses on approaches to link transcriptomic, proteomic, and peptidomic datasets mined from

brain tissue to the original locations within the brain that they are derived from using digital atlas

mapping techniques. We use, as an example, the transcriptomic, proteomic and peptidomic

analyses conducted in the mammalian hypothalamus. Following a brief historical overview, we

highlight studies that have mined biochemical and molecular information from the hypothalamus

and then lay out a strategy for how these data can be linked spatially to the mapped locations in a

canonical brain atlas …

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Support For The Precautionary Principle, Jennifer Mather

Jennifer Mather, PhD

The precautionary principle gives the animal the benefit of the doubt when its sentient status is not known. This is necessary for advanced invertebrates such as cephalopods because research and evidence concerning the criteria for sentience are scattered and often insufficient to give us the background for the decision.

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Cephalopods Are Best Candidates For Invertebrate Consciousness, Jennifer A. Mather, Claudio Carere

Jennifer Mather, PhD

Insects might have been the first invertebrates to evolve sentience, but cephalopods were the first invertebrates to gain scientific recognition for it.

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An Invertebrate Perspective On Pain, Jennifer A. Mather

Jennifer Mather, PhD

Although Key (2016) argues that mammals feel pain and fish do not, from an invertebrate perspective, it is obvious that the pain experience is shared by animals from a number of different animal groups.

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Contextual Fear Retrieval-Induced Fos Expression Across Early Development In The Rat: An Analysis Using Established Nervous System Nomenclature Ontology, Anthony J. Santarelli, Arshad M. Khan, Andrew M. Poulos

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

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Computer Vision Evidence Supporting Craniometric Alignment Of Rat Brain Atlases To Streamline Expert-Guided, First-Order Migration Of Hypothalamic Spatial Datasets Related To Behavioral Control, Arshad M. Khan, Jose G. Perez, Claire E. Wells, Olac Fuentes

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

The rat has arguably the most widely studied brain among all animals, with numerous reference atlases for rat brain having been published since 1946. For example, many neuroscientists have used the atlases of Paxinos and Watson (PW, first published in 1982) or Swanson (S, first published in 1992) as guides to probe or map specific rat brain structures and their connections. Despite nearly three decades of contemporaneous publication, no independent attempt has been made to establish a basic framework that allows data mapped in PW to be placed in register with S, or vice versa. …

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A Sleep State In Drosophila Larvae Required For Neural Stem Cell Proliferation, Milan Szuperak, Matthew A. Churgin, Christopher Fang-Yen, Kayser S. Matthew

Christopher Fang-Yen

Sleep during development is involved in refining brain circuitry, but a role for sleep in the earliest periods of nervous system elaboration, when neurons are first being born, has not been explored. Here we identify a sleep state in Drosophila larvae that coincides with a major wave of neurogenesis. Mechanisms controlling larval sleep are partially distinct from adult sleep: octopamine, the Drosophila analog of mammalian norepinephrine, is the major arousal neuromodulator in larvae, but dopamine is not required. Using real-time behavioral monitoring in a closed-loop sleep deprivation system, we find that sleep loss in larvae impairs cell division of neural …

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Distributed Rhythm Generators Underlie Caenorhabditis Elegans Forward Locomotion, Anthony D. Fouad, Christopher Fang-Yen

Christopher Fang-Yen

Coordinated rhythmic movements are ubiquitous in animal behavior. In many organisms, chains of neural oscillators underlie the generation of these rhythms. In C. elegans, locomotor wave generation has been poorly understood; in particular, it is unclear where in the circuit rhythms are generated, and whether there exists more than one such generator. We used optogenetic and ablation experiments to probe the nature of rhythm generation in the locomotor circuit. We found that multiple sections of forward locomotor circuitry are capable of independently generating rhythms. By perturbing different components of the motor circuit, we localize the source of secondary rhythms …

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Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Are Different Actions Mediated By Distinct Systems Of Knowledge In Infancy?, Peter Vishton

Peter Vishton

_Chemosensory Role Of A Reproductive Hormone- Associating Gnrh Neurons With Taste And Olfactory Systems In Teleost Fish Format 2.Pptx, Gabriel Mchugh

Gabriel McHugh

Cerebral Substrates Of Musical Imagery, Andrea Halpern

Andrea Halpern

Memory For Melodies, Andrea Halpern, J.C. Bartlett

Andrea Halpern

Common Parietal Activation In Musical Mental Transformations Across Pitch And Time, Nicholas E.V. Foster, Andrea Halpern, Robert J. Zatorre

Andrea Halpern

Andrea Halpern

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

Support For The Precautionary Principle, Jennifer Mather

Jennifer Mather, PhD

Cephalopods Are Best Candidates For Invertebrate Consciousness, Jennifer A. Mather, Claudio Carere

Jennifer Mather, PhD

An Invertebrate Perspective On Pain, Jennifer A. Mather

Jennifer Mather, PhD

Contextual Fear Retrieval-Induced Fos Expression Across Early Development In The Rat: An Analysis Using Established Nervous System Nomenclature Ontology, Anthony J. Santarelli, Arshad M. Khan, Andrew M. Poulos

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

Computer Vision Evidence Supporting Craniometric Alignment Of Rat Brain Atlases To Streamline Expert-Guided, First-Order Migration Of Hypothalamic Spatial Datasets Related To Behavioral Control, Arshad M. Khan, Jose G. Perez, Claire E. Wells, Olac Fuentes

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

A Sleep State In Drosophila Larvae Required For Neural Stem Cell Proliferation, Milan Szuperak, Matthew A. Churgin, Christopher Fang-Yen, Kayser S. Matthew

Christopher Fang-Yen

Distributed Rhythm Generators Underlie Caenorhabditis Elegans Forward Locomotion, Anthony D. Fouad, Christopher Fang-Yen

Christopher Fang-Yen