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Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology
A Lateral Excitatory Network In The Escape Circuit Of Crayfish, Jens Herberholz, Brian L. Antonsen, Donald H. Edwards
A Lateral Excitatory Network In The Escape Circuit Of Crayfish, Jens Herberholz, Brian L. Antonsen, Donald H. Edwards
Neuroscience Institute Faculty Publications
A phasic stimulus directed to the rear of a crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) creates mechanosensory input to the lateral giant (LG) interneuron, a command neuron for escape. A single LG spike is necessary and sufficient to produce a highly stereotyped tail flip that thrusts the animal away from the source of stimulation. Here we describe a lateral excitatory network among primary afferent axons in the last abdominal ganglion of crayfish that produces nonlinear amplification of the sensory input to the command circuitry for escape. The lateral excitation is mediated by electrical synapses between central terminals of primary mechanosensory afferents. The network …
A Model System For Study Of Sex Chromosome Effects On Sexually Dimorphic Neural And Behavioral Traits, Geert De Vries, Emilie F. Rissman, Richard B. Simerly, Liang-Yo Yang, Elka M. Scordalakes, Catherine J. Auger, Amanda Swain, Robin Lovell-Badge, Paul S. Burgoyne, Arthur P. Arnold
A Model System For Study Of Sex Chromosome Effects On Sexually Dimorphic Neural And Behavioral Traits, Geert De Vries, Emilie F. Rissman, Richard B. Simerly, Liang-Yo Yang, Elka M. Scordalakes, Catherine J. Auger, Amanda Swain, Robin Lovell-Badge, Paul S. Burgoyne, Arthur P. Arnold
Neuroscience Institute Faculty Publications
We tested the hypothesis that genes encoded on the sex chromosomes play a direct role in sexual differentiation of brain and behavior. We used mice in which the testis-determining gene (Sry) was moved from the Y chromosome to an autosome (by deletion of Sry from the Y and subsequent insertion of an Sry transgene onto an autosome), so that the determination of testis development occurred independently of the complement of X or Y chromosomes. We compared XX and XY mice with ovaries (females) and XX and XY mice with testes (males). These comparisons allowed us to assess the effect of …
Sexual Differentiation Of The Bed Nucleus Of The Stria Terminalis In Humans May Extend Into Adulthood, Wilson C.J. Chung, Geert De Vries, Dick F. Swaab
Sexual Differentiation Of The Bed Nucleus Of The Stria Terminalis In Humans May Extend Into Adulthood, Wilson C.J. Chung, Geert De Vries, Dick F. Swaab
Neuroscience Institute Faculty Publications
Gonadal steroids have remarkable developmental effects on sex-dependent brain organization and behavior in animals. Presumably, fetal or neonatal gonadal steroids are also responsible for sexual differentiation of the human brain. A limbic structure of special interest in this regard is the sexually dimorphic central subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTc), because its size has been related to the gender identity disorder transsexuality. To determine at what age the BSTc becomes sexually dimorphic, the BSTc volume in males and females was studied from midgestation into adulthood. Using vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and somatostatin immunocytochemical staining as markers, we …