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Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology
Synaptic Architecture Of The Acoustic Startle Response Pathway, Mahabba Smoka
Synaptic Architecture Of The Acoustic Startle Response Pathway, Mahabba Smoka
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The acoustic startle response (ASR) is mediated by a simple pathway which includes the giant neurons of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC). Habituation is theorized to occur via hyperpolarizing big potassium (BK) channels localized at glutamatergic terminals of auditory afferents in the PnC. Prepulse inhibition is suggested to be mediated by cholinergic innervation of PnC giant neurons, with possible glutamate and/or GABA co-release. Animals were injected with Fluorogold at C3/C4 to label a subpopulation of PnC giant neurons, and following a startle experiment, brainstems were processed for pCREB expression. Using their respective markers, BK channels, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic …
Revisiting Working Memory: Are Domain, Process And Global Models Mutually Exclusive, Nested Or Orthogonal?, Jeffrey P. Wong
Revisiting Working Memory: Are Domain, Process And Global Models Mutually Exclusive, Nested Or Orthogonal?, Jeffrey P. Wong
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Working memory (WM) is a cognitive function whereby task-relevant information is actively maintained and manipulated in mind for goal-directed behaviour. Three competing models, here dubbed the global, domain and process models, have attempted to explain its neural underpinnings. Despite extensive research however, no consensus has been reached. Here, we use two new WM paradigms to demonstrate that all three models are partially correct. In the first experiment, our results show that selected frontoparietal regions (MD), from the global model, are largely stimulus-independent. However, more posterior and caudal frontoparietal regions show stimulus-dependent activations as described by the domain model. In the …
Spatial And State-Dependent Effects Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Of Prefrontal Cortex In Non-Human Primates, Chao Gu
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The indirect effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) within a distributed neural network are still largely unknown. Here we propose to use the non-human primate (NHP) oculomotor system as an animal model for investigating the effects of TMS. Across three animals, single pulses of TMS to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), including the frontal eye fields (FEF), reliably evoked a contralateral head turning synergy, similar to what is seen following intracortical microstimulation. Furthermore, double pulses of TMS paired with the memory-guided saccade paradigm only evoked neck muscle activity preceding contralateral saccades, showing similar state-dependency as previously observed in human TMS studies. …